基于有限体积法的古建筑防雷引下线温度模拟分析
|
摘要
利用基于有限体积法(Finite Volume Method,FVM)的6SigmaET软件模拟分析雷电击中古建筑接闪器沿引下线泄放时温度分布,主要包括不同种类雷击作用下,对不同材料、不同直径的引下线分别模拟其温度数值和分布特征,并和古建筑常用木材的燃点做了对比。结果显示:(1)多数情况下短时雷击引下线温升并不明显,在组合雷击后温升很明显,组合雷击后引下线的温升更易超过古建筑木材的燃点;(2)在其他条件相同下,不同材质引下线温升从高到低依次为钢、铝、铜;引下线直径越小,雷击后温升越高;(3)距离引下线越远位置温度越低,且温度随距离变远降低速率在变慢,在引下线外围10 mm处温度已基本接近常温;(4)雷电流作用于引下线后,升温迅速但降温较缓慢(300℃以上的高温持续超过100 s),这段时间内的高温容易引燃古建筑木材。该研究为古建筑防雷引下线材料、直径及引下线到木质界面的安全间距等合理选择提供参考。
The 6 Sigma ET software based on the Finite Volume Method(FVM) is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the down conductor when lightning strikes the ancient building lightning receptor and is discharged along the down conductor. It mainly includes simulation of temperature values and distribution characteristics for down conductors of different materials and diameters respectively under different types of lightning strikes, and a comparison to the ignition point of timber commonly used in ancient buildings is made. The simulation results show that:(1) the temperature rise of down-conductor is not obvious in most cases under short stroke, while it is obvious under the combined stroke. The temperature rise of down-conductor under the combined stroke easily exceeds the ignition point of ancient building timber;(2) when other conditions are the same, the temperature increase of down-conductors is from high to low when different materials are used in the order of steel, medium, and copper; the smaller the diameter of the down conductor, the more the temperature increases after lightning strikes;(3) the farther away from the down-conductor, the lower the temperature becomes; what's more, the rate of temperature reduction falls down with distance, and the temperature is close to normal atmospheric temperature at 10 mm outside the down-conductor;(4) after the lightning current acts on the down conductor, the temperature rises rapidly but drops slowly(the high temperature above 300 ℃ lasts for more than 100 s), and the high temperature during this period can easily ignite the ancient building timber. This study provides a reference for the reasonable selection of down-conductor material for lightning protection of the ancient building, the diameter and the safe spacing between the down conductor and the wooden interface.
The 6 Sigma ET software based on the Finite Volume Method(FVM) is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the down conductor when lightning strikes the ancient building lightning receptor and is discharged along the down conductor. It mainly includes simulation of temperature values and distribution characteristics for down conductors of different materials and diameters respectively under different types of lightning strikes, and a comparison to the ignition point of timber commonly used in ancient buildings is made. The simulation results show that:(1) the temperature rise of down-conductor is not obvious in most cases under short stroke, while it is obvious under the combined stroke. The temperature rise of down-conductor under the combined stroke easily exceeds the ignition point of ancient building timber;(2) when other conditions are the same, the temperature increase of down-conductors is from high to low when different materials are used in the order of steel, medium, and copper; the smaller the diameter of the down conductor, the more the temperature increases after lightning strikes;(3) the farther away from the down-conductor, the lower the temperature becomes; what's more, the rate of temperature reduction falls down with distance, and the temperature is close to normal atmospheric temperature at 10 mm outside the down-conductor;(4) after the lightning current acts on the down conductor, the temperature rises rapidly but drops slowly(the high temperature above 300 ℃ lasts for more than 100 s), and the high temperature during this period can easily ignite the ancient building timber. This study provides a reference for the reasonable selection of down-conductor material for lightning protection of the ancient building, the diameter and the safe spacing between the down conductor and the wooden interface.
引文
[1] 李京校, 宋平健, 李如箭, 等. 文物古建直击雷火灾成因分析及对策. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 41(10): 88-95.LI Jingxiao, SONG Pingjian, LI Rujian, et al. On analysis and prevention of fire disaster from direct lightning stroke at ancient timber buildings. Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 2016, 41(10): 88-95.
[2] HU Jun, LI Chen. Lightning protection of Chinese ancient architecture//Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning. Chengdu, China, 2011: 844-847.
[3] 黄克俭, 黄小彦, 涂山山. 等电位连接与雷电反击关系的探讨. 气象科学, 2009, 29(5): 679-681.HUANG Kejian, HUANG Xiaoyan, TU Shanshan. Investigations on the relationship between equipotential bonding and lightning counterattack. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese), 2009, 29(5): 679-681.
[4] 王时煦. 园林古建的防雷与防火. 中国园林, 1994, 10(3): 40-45.WANG Shixu. Lightning and fire protection in ancient garden buildings. Journal of Chinese Landscape Architecture (in Chinese), 1994, 10(3): 40-45.
[5] 张华明, 杨世刚, 张义军, 等. 古建筑物雷击灾害特征. 气象科技, 2013, 41(4): 758-763.ZHANG Huaming, YANG Shigang, ZHANG Yijun, et al. Characteristics of ancient building lightning disasters. Meteorological Science and Technology (in Chinese), 2013, 41(4): 758-763.
[6] 张义军, 陶善昌, 马明, 等. 雷电灾害. 北京: 气象出版社, 2009.ZHANG Yijun, TAO shanchang, MA Ming, et al. Lightning disaster. Beijing: Meteorological Press (in Chinese), 2009.
[7] 王雪顽, 张适昌, 马宏达. 古建筑木材沿面粉尘抗电强度和可燃性试验研究. 中国科学院电工研究所论文报告集, 1992, (24): 118-122.WANG Xuewan, ZHANG Shichang, MA Hongda. Study of surface discharge and firing property of the palace architectural wood with dust on the surface. Paper Report Collection of Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese), 1992, (24): 118-122.
[8] 白丽娟, 王景福. 试谈文物建筑物的防雷问题——以武当山建筑防雷设计为例//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第八辑). 十堰: 中国紫禁城学会, 2013: 756-754.BAI Lijuan, WANG Jingfu. Try to talk about the lightning protection problem of cultural relics buildings——Take the lightning protection design of Wudang Mountain building as an example. Chinese Forbidden City Society Paper (8th Series). Shiyan: Forbidden City Society of China (in Chinese), 2013: 756-754.
[9] 李良福, 覃彬全, 杨磊, 等. 雷电电弧放电效应及其危害机理研究. 北京: 气象出版社, 2014.LI Liangfu, QIN Binquan, YANG Lei, et al. Research on the effect of electric arc discharge and its harmful mechanism. Beijing: Meteorological Press (in Chinese), 2014.
[10] 刘俊. 建筑物金属结构雷电流热效应计算研究. 建筑电气, 2014, 33(6): 30-33.LIU Jun. Research on calculation of thermal effect of lightning current on building metal structures. Building Electricity (in Chinese), 2014, 33(6): 30-33.
[11] 高杰. 引下线过雷电流后高温产生的影响//第五届中国国际防雷论坛论文集. 成都: 中国气象学会, 2006: 379-380.GAO Jie. Impact of high temperature after subtraction of lightning current//Proceedings of the 5th China Lightning Protection Forum. Chengdu: Chinese Meteorological Society (in Chinese), 2006: 379-380.
[12] 白丽娟. 故宫博物院古建筑防雷保护工作的回顾. 故宫博物院院刊, 2005, (5): 344-367.BAI Lijuan. The practice of the lightning proofing of ancient buildings in the Gugong (Palace Museum). Palace Museum (in Chinese), 2005, (5): 344-367.
[13] 高金阁, 李京校, 张仲兵等. 架空传输线雷电感应电压计算公式分析与修订. 气象科学, 2017, 37(6): 845-850.GAO Jinge, LI Jingxiao, ZHANG Zhong, et al. Analysis and revision for formula of lightning induced voltage on overhead transmission line. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese), 2017, 37(6): 845-850.
[14] 高金阁, 张其林, 李东帅, 等. 粗糙表面对雷电水平电场影响的模拟研究. 气象科学, 2013, 33(6): 627-633.GAO Jinge, ZHANG Qilin, LI Dongshuai, et al. Propagation effects of the rough surface on the lightning horizontal electric field. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese), 2013, 33(6): 627-633.
[15] 彭超, 张宇娇, 秦威南. 基于有限体积法的超高压电缆接头绝缘性能研究. 高电压技术, 2014, 40(12): 3695-3701.PENG Chao, ZHANG Yujiao, QIN Weinan. Study on insulation perfomance of EHV power cable joint based on finite volume method. High Voltage Engineering (in Chinese), 2014, 40(12): 3695-3701.
[16] 秦跃平, 孟君, 贾敬艳, 等. 非稳态导热问题有限体积法. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 32(5): 577-581.QIN Yueping, MENG Jun, JIA Jingyan, et al. Unsteady heat transfer problems with finite volume method. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science) (in Chinese), 2013, 32(5): 577-581.
[17] 何华卫, 刘压军. 基于6SigmaET的固态功放模块的热设计. 电子机械工程, 2016, 32(4): 20-22, 38.HE Huawei, LIU Yajun. Thermal design of solid-state power amplifier based on 6SigmaET. Electro-Mechanical Engineering (in Chinese), 2016, 32(4): 20-22, 38.
[18] FAN Tingting, YUAN Ping, WANG Xuejuan, et al. The evolution of discharge current and channel radius in cloud-to-ground lightning return stroke process. Atmos Res, 2017, 194: 226-234.
[19] 张泽江, 梅秀娟. 古建筑消防. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2010: 3.ZHANG Zejiang, MEI Xiujuan. The fire protection of ancient building. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press (in Chinese), 2010: 3.
[20] 沈德魁, 方梦祥, 李社锋, 等. 热辐射下木材热解与着火特性实验. 燃烧科学与技术, 2007, 13(4): 365-369.SHEN Dekui, FANG Mengxiang, LI Shefeng, et al. Experimental of thermal degradation and ignition of wood by thermal radiation. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology (in Chinese), 2007, 13(4): 365-369.
[2] HU Jun, LI Chen. Lightning protection of Chinese ancient architecture//Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning. Chengdu, China, 2011: 844-847.
[3] 黄克俭, 黄小彦, 涂山山. 等电位连接与雷电反击关系的探讨. 气象科学, 2009, 29(5): 679-681.HUANG Kejian, HUANG Xiaoyan, TU Shanshan. Investigations on the relationship between equipotential bonding and lightning counterattack. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese), 2009, 29(5): 679-681.
[4] 王时煦. 园林古建的防雷与防火. 中国园林, 1994, 10(3): 40-45.WANG Shixu. Lightning and fire protection in ancient garden buildings. Journal of Chinese Landscape Architecture (in Chinese), 1994, 10(3): 40-45.
[5] 张华明, 杨世刚, 张义军, 等. 古建筑物雷击灾害特征. 气象科技, 2013, 41(4): 758-763.ZHANG Huaming, YANG Shigang, ZHANG Yijun, et al. Characteristics of ancient building lightning disasters. Meteorological Science and Technology (in Chinese), 2013, 41(4): 758-763.
[6] 张义军, 陶善昌, 马明, 等. 雷电灾害. 北京: 气象出版社, 2009.ZHANG Yijun, TAO shanchang, MA Ming, et al. Lightning disaster. Beijing: Meteorological Press (in Chinese), 2009.
[7] 王雪顽, 张适昌, 马宏达. 古建筑木材沿面粉尘抗电强度和可燃性试验研究. 中国科学院电工研究所论文报告集, 1992, (24): 118-122.WANG Xuewan, ZHANG Shichang, MA Hongda. Study of surface discharge and firing property of the palace architectural wood with dust on the surface. Paper Report Collection of Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese), 1992, (24): 118-122.
[8] 白丽娟, 王景福. 试谈文物建筑物的防雷问题——以武当山建筑防雷设计为例//中国紫禁城学会论文集(第八辑). 十堰: 中国紫禁城学会, 2013: 756-754.BAI Lijuan, WANG Jingfu. Try to talk about the lightning protection problem of cultural relics buildings——Take the lightning protection design of Wudang Mountain building as an example. Chinese Forbidden City Society Paper (8th Series). Shiyan: Forbidden City Society of China (in Chinese), 2013: 756-754.
[9] 李良福, 覃彬全, 杨磊, 等. 雷电电弧放电效应及其危害机理研究. 北京: 气象出版社, 2014.LI Liangfu, QIN Binquan, YANG Lei, et al. Research on the effect of electric arc discharge and its harmful mechanism. Beijing: Meteorological Press (in Chinese), 2014.
[10] 刘俊. 建筑物金属结构雷电流热效应计算研究. 建筑电气, 2014, 33(6): 30-33.LIU Jun. Research on calculation of thermal effect of lightning current on building metal structures. Building Electricity (in Chinese), 2014, 33(6): 30-33.
[11] 高杰. 引下线过雷电流后高温产生的影响//第五届中国国际防雷论坛论文集. 成都: 中国气象学会, 2006: 379-380.GAO Jie. Impact of high temperature after subtraction of lightning current//Proceedings of the 5th China Lightning Protection Forum. Chengdu: Chinese Meteorological Society (in Chinese), 2006: 379-380.
[12] 白丽娟. 故宫博物院古建筑防雷保护工作的回顾. 故宫博物院院刊, 2005, (5): 344-367.BAI Lijuan. The practice of the lightning proofing of ancient buildings in the Gugong (Palace Museum). Palace Museum (in Chinese), 2005, (5): 344-367.
[13] 高金阁, 李京校, 张仲兵等. 架空传输线雷电感应电压计算公式分析与修订. 气象科学, 2017, 37(6): 845-850.GAO Jinge, LI Jingxiao, ZHANG Zhong, et al. Analysis and revision for formula of lightning induced voltage on overhead transmission line. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese), 2017, 37(6): 845-850.
[14] 高金阁, 张其林, 李东帅, 等. 粗糙表面对雷电水平电场影响的模拟研究. 气象科学, 2013, 33(6): 627-633.GAO Jinge, ZHANG Qilin, LI Dongshuai, et al. Propagation effects of the rough surface on the lightning horizontal electric field. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences (in Chinese), 2013, 33(6): 627-633.
[15] 彭超, 张宇娇, 秦威南. 基于有限体积法的超高压电缆接头绝缘性能研究. 高电压技术, 2014, 40(12): 3695-3701.PENG Chao, ZHANG Yujiao, QIN Weinan. Study on insulation perfomance of EHV power cable joint based on finite volume method. High Voltage Engineering (in Chinese), 2014, 40(12): 3695-3701.
[16] 秦跃平, 孟君, 贾敬艳, 等. 非稳态导热问题有限体积法. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 32(5): 577-581.QIN Yueping, MENG Jun, JIA Jingyan, et al. Unsteady heat transfer problems with finite volume method. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science) (in Chinese), 2013, 32(5): 577-581.
[17] 何华卫, 刘压军. 基于6SigmaET的固态功放模块的热设计. 电子机械工程, 2016, 32(4): 20-22, 38.HE Huawei, LIU Yajun. Thermal design of solid-state power amplifier based on 6SigmaET. Electro-Mechanical Engineering (in Chinese), 2016, 32(4): 20-22, 38.
[18] FAN Tingting, YUAN Ping, WANG Xuejuan, et al. The evolution of discharge current and channel radius in cloud-to-ground lightning return stroke process. Atmos Res, 2017, 194: 226-234.
[19] 张泽江, 梅秀娟. 古建筑消防. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2010: 3.ZHANG Zejiang, MEI Xiujuan. The fire protection of ancient building. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press (in Chinese), 2010: 3.
[20] 沈德魁, 方梦祥, 李社锋, 等. 热辐射下木材热解与着火特性实验. 燃烧科学与技术, 2007, 13(4): 365-369.SHEN Dekui, FANG Mengxiang, LI Shefeng, et al. Experimental of thermal degradation and ignition of wood by thermal radiation. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology (in Chinese), 2007, 13(4): 365-369.