低渗砂岩地层因素的应力敏感研究
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摘要
为探究有效应力变化对鄂尔多斯盆地低渗砂岩储层地层因素的影响,实验测试7块岩芯样品在围压(p_c)和内压(也称作孔隙压,p_p)变化下的地层因素。基于Biot有效应力定义,结合响应面函数对实验数据进行分析,发现采用响应面割线法得到的有效应力系数(α)更能准确地表征有效应力,同时发现α并非为1.00的常数,而是分布在0.04～0.60并与围压和内压呈现一定函数关系。明确了低渗砂岩储层地层因素随有效应力的非线性变化规律,发育的微裂缝是导致有效应力非线性变化的主要因素。基于岩芯微观结构建立等效微裂缝模型,结合岩电理论,推导出地层因素与有效应力间的函数关系,表征了低渗透砂岩储层非线性有效应力作用下地层因素的变化规律。
To explore the influences of effective stress variations on the formation factors of the low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, the formation factors of seven core samples under varying confining pressures(p_c) and internal pressures(also known as pore pressures, p_p) were obtained experimentally. Experimental data were analyzed based on Biot's definition of effective stress and response surface functions. It is found that the effective stress coefficient(a) obtained through the response surface secant method can characterize the effective stress more accurately. Also, a is discovered not to be a constant at 1.00, but be distributed within the range of 0.04-0.60, having certain functional relationships with the confining and internal pressures. It is confirmed that the formation factors of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs change non-linearly with the effective stress and that microfractures are the main cause of non-linear variations in effective stress. An equivalent microfracture model was established based on the microscopic structure of the cores. It was integrated with the theory of rock resistivity to deduce the functional relationships between formation factor and effective stress and to characterize the variation pattern of formation factors of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs under the action of non-linear effective stresses.
To explore the influences of effective stress variations on the formation factors of the low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, the formation factors of seven core samples under varying confining pressures(p_c) and internal pressures(also known as pore pressures, p_p) were obtained experimentally. Experimental data were analyzed based on Biot's definition of effective stress and response surface functions. It is found that the effective stress coefficient(a) obtained through the response surface secant method can characterize the effective stress more accurately. Also, a is discovered not to be a constant at 1.00, but be distributed within the range of 0.04-0.60, having certain functional relationships with the confining and internal pressures. It is confirmed that the formation factors of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs change non-linearly with the effective stress and that microfractures are the main cause of non-linear variations in effective stress. An equivalent microfracture model was established based on the microscopic structure of the cores. It was integrated with the theory of rock resistivity to deduce the functional relationships between formation factor and effective stress and to characterize the variation pattern of formation factors of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs under the action of non-linear effective stresses.
引文
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[31]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.利用多尺度CT成像表征致密砂岩微观孔喉结构[J].石油勘探与开发,2013;40(3):329-333. doi:10.11698./PED.2013.03.09BAI Bin.ZGO Rukai,WU Songtao.et al. Multi-scale method of nano(Micro)-CT study on microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013,40(3):329-333. doi:10.11698/PED.2013.03.09
[32]巩磊,高铭泽,曾联波,,等.影响致密砂岩储层裂缝分布的主控因素分析——以库车前陆盆地侏罗系一新近系为例[J].天然气地球科学,2017, 28(2):199-208.doi:10.11764/j.issn. 1672-1926.2016.12.003GONG Lei, GAO Mingze, ZENG Lianbo, et al. Controlling factors on fracture development in the tight sandstone reservoirs:A case study of Jurassir-Neogene in the Kuqa Foreland Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(2):199-208. doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2016.12.003
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[2]江同文,唐明龙,肖香姣,等.塔里木盆地迪那2气田特低渗砂岩储层应力敏感性研究[J].沉积学报,2007, 25(6):949-953. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.-2007.06.018JIANG Tongwen, TANG Minglong, XIAO Xiangjiao, et al. The study on stress sensitivity of the particular low permeability reservoir in Dina 2 Gas Field of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(6):949-953. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2007.06.018
[3]王瑞飞,康楠,吕新华,等.深层高压低渗砂岩油藏储层应力敏感性定量解释模型——以东濮凹陷文东油田沙三中油藏为例[J].地球物理学进展,2013, 28(5):2611-2617. doi:10.6038/pg20130541WANG Ruifei, KANG Nan, LU Xinhua, et al. Quantitative model on stress sensitivity of sandstone reservoirs with deep section high pressure and low permeability:Taking the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wendong Oil Field, Dongpu Sag, as an example[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2013, 28(5):2611-2617. doi:10.6038/pg-20130541
[4]王厉强,刘慧卿,甄思广,等.低渗透储层应力敏感性定量解释研究[J].石油学报,2009, 30(1):96-99. doi:10.7623/syxb200901019WANG Liqiang,LIU Huiqing,ZHEN Siguang,et al. Quantitative research on stress sensitivity of lowpermeability reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica.2009,30(1):96-99. doi:10.7623/syxb200901019
[5] ARCHIE G E. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J]. Transaction of AIME, 1942, 146(3):54-61. doi:10.2118/942054-G
[6] WORTHINGTON P F. The uses and abuses of the archie equations, 1:The formation factor-porosity relationship[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 1993, 30(3):215-228. doi:10.1016/0926-9851(93)90028-W
[7] SUMAN A, RUTH D. Formation factor and tortuosity of homogeneous porous media[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 1993, 12(2):185-206. doi:10.1007/BF00616979
[8]代平,孙良田,李闽.低渗透砂岩储层孔隙度、渗透率与有效应力关系研究[J].天然气工业,2006, 26(5):93-95.DAI Ping, SUN Liangtian, LI Min. Study on relation between porosity/permeability and effective stress of sand reservoir with low permeability[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(5):93-95.
[9]刘忠华.吴淑琴,杜宝会,等.储层渗透性与地层因素关系的实验研究与分析[J].地球物理学报,2013, 56(6):2088-2097. doi:10.60381/cjg20130629LIU Zhonghua, WU Shuqin, DUBaohui, et al. Experimental study on the relationship between reservoir permeability and its formation resistivity factor[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(6):2088-2097. doi:10.60381/-cjg20130629
[10] BIOT M A. General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J], Journal of Applied Physics, 1941, 12(2):155-164. doi:10.1063/1.1712886
[11] BERNABE Y. The effective pressure law for permeability during pore pressure and confining pressure cycling of several crystalline rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1987, 92(B1):649-657. doi:10.-1029/JB092iB01p00649
[12] LI Min, XIAO Wenlian, BERNABE Y, et al. Nonlinear effective pressure law for permeability[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 2014, 119(1):302-318.doi:10.1002/2013JB010485
[13]肖文联,李闽,赵金洲,等.非线性有效压力计算[J].地球物理学报,2013, 56(8):2808-2817. doi:10.60381/-cjg20130829XIAO Wenlian, LI Min, ZHAO Jinzhou, et al. Calculation of nonlinear effective pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(8):2808-2817. doi:10.60381/-cjg20130829
[14]李传亮.有效应力概念的误用[J].天然气工业,2008,28(10):130-132. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2008.-10.041LI Chuanliang. Misusage of the concept of effective stress[J], Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(10):130-132.doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.2008.10.041
[15]周鹏高,李亚双,刘燕.挤压作用形成异常高压的定量研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017, 39(3):97-102. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.-2015.08.14.02ZHOUPenggao, LI Yashuang, LIU Yan. Quantitative study on abnormal high pressure by extrusion effect[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2017, 39(3):97-102. doi:10.11885/j.-issn.1674-5086.2015.08.14.02
[16]李闽,肖文联,赵春兰,等.不能用净应力评价低渗砂岩岩石应力敏感性[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(5):183-186. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2009.05.041LI Min,XIAO Wenlian,ZHAO Chunlan,et al. Net stress can not be used to evaluate the stress sensitivity in the low-permeability sandstone[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2009,31(5):183-186. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2009.05.-041
[17]卢家亭,李闽.低渗砂岩渗透率应力敏感性实验研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):339-341. doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2007.03.004LU Jiating, LI Min. Experimental research on permeability sensitivity of low-permeability sand rock[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2007, 18(3):339-341. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1672-1926.2007.03.004
[18] BRACE W F,ORANGE A S,MADDEN T R. The effect of pressure on the electrical resistivity of water-saturated crystalline rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1965,70(22):5669-5678. doi:10.1029/JZ070i022p05669
[19] BRACE W F. Some new measurements of linear compressibility of rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1965,70(2):391-398. doi:10.1029/JZ070i002p00391
[20] THOMAS N D. Permeability and electrical conductivity changes due to hydrostatic stress cycling of Berea and Muddy J Sandstone[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 1986, 91(B1):763-766. doi:10.1029/-JB091iB01p00763
[21] FREDRICH J T, GREAVES K H, MARTIN J W. Pore geometry and transport properties of Fontainebleau sandstone[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1993, 30(7):691-697. doi:10.1016/0148-9062(93)90007-Z
[22] ZISSER N, NOVER G. Anisotropy of permeability and complex resistivity of tight sandstones subjected to hydrostatic pressure[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2009,68(3):356-370. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.02.010
[23] BERRYMAN J G. Effective stress for transport properties of inhomogeneous porous rock[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 1992, 97(B12):17409-17424. doi:10.1029/92JB01593
[24] BERRYMAN J G. Effective-stress rules for pore-fluid transport in rocks containing two minerals[J]. Internation-al Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts, 1993.30(7):1165-1168. doi:10.-1016/0148-9062(93)90087-T
[25] BERNABE Y. Comparison of the effective pressure law for permeability and resistivity formation factor in Chelmsford granite[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics,1988,127(4):607-625. doi:10.1007/BF00881747
[26] WARPINSKI N R, TEUFEL L W. Determination of the effective stress law for permeability and deformation in low-permeability rocks[C]. SPE20572-PA, 1992. doi:10.-2118/20572-PA
[27] TERZAGHIK. Principles of soil mechanics[J]. Engineering News-Record, 1925, 95:987-996.
[28] HUBBERT M K, RUBEY W W. Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1959.70(5):115-166. doi:10.1130/-0016-7606(1959)70[115:ROFPIM]2.0.C.O;2
[29] DAILY W D, LIU W. Laboratory-determined transport properties of Berea sand stone[J]. Geophysics. 1985.50(5):775-784. doi:10.1190/1.1441952
[30] REVIL A, CATHLES L M, LOSH S, et al. Electrical conductivity in shaly sands with geophysical applications[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth1998.103(B10):23925-23936. doi:10.1029/98JB02125
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