国内外稻米籽粒力学特性评价技术的现状与展望
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摘要
阐述了国内外稻米力学特性测定与分析方法,比较分析了拉伸力学特性、压缩力学特性、剪切力学特性、弯曲力学特性等测定与分析方法技术现状。分析了影响稻米力学特性的因素,譬如粒型及粒质、含水率、直链淀粉、蛋白质、垩白和裂纹等原料特性,以及稻谷收获、干燥与储藏、砻谷与碾米等稻谷加工过程等因素。简要论述了稻谷机械损伤机理,并就研究建立原料特性、砻碾工艺与稻米力学特性的关系,以及稻米破碎力及破碎力分布与其加工品质的关系的重要性和意义进行了展望与分析,以期为加工过程中原料及工艺的选择、减少加工中的破碎,提高整精米率提供参考。
The measuring and analyzing methods of the mechanical properties of rice at home and abroad were described.The present situation of measurement and analysis methods such as tensile mechanical properties,compressive mechanical properties,shear mechanics characteristics and bending mechanical properties were compared and analyzed.The factors affecting the mechanical properties of rice,such as grain shape and grain texture,water content,amylose,protein,chalkiness and crack were analyzed,and as well as rice harvesting,drying and storage,hulling and other rice processing factors.The mechanism of rice mechanical damage was briefly discussed.The importance and significance of the relationship between the characteristics of raw material,mulching process and rice mechanical properties were discussed and analyzed,as well as the relationship between the crushing force and its distribution with the processing quality,which provided a reference for the raw materials and process selection,reducing the processing of broken and improving the head rice yield.
The measuring and analyzing methods of the mechanical properties of rice at home and abroad were described.The present situation of measurement and analysis methods such as tensile mechanical properties,compressive mechanical properties,shear mechanics characteristics and bending mechanical properties were compared and analyzed.The factors affecting the mechanical properties of rice,such as grain shape and grain texture,water content,amylose,protein,chalkiness and crack were analyzed,and as well as rice harvesting,drying and storage,hulling and other rice processing factors.The mechanism of rice mechanical damage was briefly discussed.The importance and significance of the relationship between the characteristics of raw material,mulching process and rice mechanical properties were discussed and analyzed,as well as the relationship between the crushing force and its distribution with the processing quality,which provided a reference for the raw materials and process selection,reducing the processing of broken and improving the head rice yield.
引文
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[37]谢恩明.东北粳稻品种品质性状与蒸煮特性研究[D].延吉:延边大学,2008.
[38] TAKITA T.Breeding for grain shape in rice[J].Journal of Agricultural Science(Japan),1989,44(6):279-282.
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[42]张洪霞.含水率对稻米籽粒应力松弛特性影响的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2009(1):37-39.
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[47]朱昌兰,沈文飚,翟虎渠等.水稻低直链淀粉含量基因育种利用的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(2):157-162.
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[2] JONGKAEWWATTANA S,GENG S.Inter-relationships amongst grain characteristics,grain-filling parameters and rice(Oryza sativa L.)milling quality[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,2001,187(4):223-229.
[3] MATSUE Y,SATO H,UCHIIMURA Y.The palatability and physicochemical properties of milled rice for each grain-thickness group[J].Plant Production Science,2001,4(1):71-76.
[4]徐立章,李耀明,李洪昌.水稻谷粒脱粒损伤的影响因素分析[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(12):55-59.
[5]李栋.稻谷干燥应力裂纹生成扩展及抑制的试验研究和机理分析[J].北京:中国农业大学,2001.
[6]严晓婕,程绪铎,冯家畅.稻谷籽粒的压缩特性与储藏压力关系的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2015,30(10):78-82.
[7]刘博,张宇,吴勇贤,等.浅谈碎米产生的原因及应对措施[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012(10):3-5.
[8]褚洪强,张玉荣,周显青,等.糙米加工品质评价指标及检测技术进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013(4):1-4.
[9]彭光荣.碎米产生的途径以及减少碎米的措施[J].粮食与饲料工业,2008(12):1-2.
[10]周显青,崔岩珂,张玉荣,等.我国碎米资源及其转化利用技术现状与发展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2015(2):29-34.
[11]张玉荣,周显青,杨兰兰.大米食味品质与其碎米含量的关系[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,29(6):5-8.
[12]李栋,毛志怀.稻谷自然晾晒后显微结构分析研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(2):156-159.
[13]周显青,孙晶,张玉荣.稻米籽粒静态力学特性的表征与分析[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,33(6):22-26.
[14]常光宝.水稻谷粒的力学性能及脱粒损伤机理研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2009.
[15] BRASS R W,MARLEY S J.Roller sheller:Low damage cornshelling cylinder[J].Trans of the ASAE,1973,16(2):64-66.
[16] GENKAWA T,TANAKA F,HAMANAKA D,et al.Incidence of open crack formation in short-grain polished rice during soaking in water at different temperatures[J].Journal of Food Engineering.2011,103(4):457-463.
[17] PEREZ J H,TANAKA F,UCHINO T.Modeling of mass transfer and initiation of hygroscopically induced cracks in rice grains in a thermally controlled soaking condition:With dependency of diffusion coefficient to moisture content and temperature-A 3Dfinite element approach[J].Journal of food engineering,2012,111(3):519-527.
[18]周显青,白国伟,张玉荣.糙米质量指标及评价技术进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012(1):1-5.
[19]陈坤,徐伟梁.含水率对稻谷机械特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(11):171-173.
[20]丁林峰,李耀明,徐立章.稻谷压缩试验的接触力学分析[J].农机化研究,2007,12(12):112-115.
[21] BAMRUNGWONG S,SATAKE T,VARGAS D,et al.Fundamental studies on mechanical properties of long grain rice varieties.I.Compressive properties of long grain rice[J].Japan J Trop.Agric,1987,31(4):232-240.
[22]李耀明,王显仁,徐立章,等.水稻谷粒的挤压力学性能研究[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(11):56-59.
[23]MOLENDA M,MONTROSS M D,HORBIK J,et al.Mechanical Properties of corn and soybean meal.Transaction of the ASAE[J].2002,45(6):1 929-1 935.
[24]张洪霞,马小愚,雷得天.大米籽粒压缩特性的试验研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2004,16(1):42-45.
[25]刘红力,张永丽,高连兴,等.花生脱壳力学特性试验[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(6):900-902.
[26]王宏立,张伟,董晓威,等.玉米根荏剪切力学性能试验与分析[J].实验力学,2014,29(1):73-82.
[27]程玉来,孙戊旺.小麦籽粒抗剪切力与其品质性状的关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):314-316.
[28]张红霞,李大勇,杨雪松.稻米籽粒剪切特性研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2006,18(1):46-49.
[29]钱觉时.论测定断裂能的三点弯曲法[J].混凝土与水泥制品,1996(6):20-23.
[30] ZHANG Q,YANG W,SUN Z.Mechanical properties of sound and fissuring of rice kernels during quasi-moisture sorption by image analysis[J].Journal of Cereal of Food Engineering.2005,68(1):65-72.
[31] KAMST G F,VASSEUR J,BONAZZI C.A new method for the measurement of the tensile strength of rice grains by using the diametral compression test[J].Journal of Food Engineering,1999,40(4):227-232.
[32]李毅念,丁为民.稻谷腹部、背部微观结构差异性分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):3 474-3 480.
[33]李毅念,徐小琴,丁为民.糙米三点弯曲破碎力学性能试验分析[J].农业机械学报,2010(8):121-124.
[34]周显青,张玉荣,褚洪强,等.糙米机械破碎力学特性试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(18):255-261.
[35]褚洪强.糙米的力学特性表征及与加工品质的关系[D].郑州:河南工业大学,2013.
[36]杨联松,白一松,张培江.谷粒形状与稻米品质相关性研究[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(4):48-54.
[37]谢恩明.东北粳稻品种品质性状与蒸煮特性研究[D].延吉:延边大学,2008.
[38] TAKITA T.Breeding for grain shape in rice[J].Journal of Agricultural Science(Japan),1989,44(6):279-282.
[39] SIEBENMORGEN T J,QIN G.Relating rice kernel breaking force distributions to milling quality[J].Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers,2005,48(1):223-228.
[40]李毅念,王俊.厚度和重力分选稻谷籽粒的品质特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):315-319.
[41]任祖方,许乔洺,吴杰,等.稻谷的机械力学特性试验[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(21):4 880-4 883.
[42]张洪霞.含水率对稻米籽粒应力松弛特性影响的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2009(1):37-39.
[43]张洪霞,陶桂香,潘波.含水率对稻米籽粒挤压特性影响的研究[J].农机化研究,2005(2):158-159.
[44]张洪霞,李大勇,任光辉,等.含水率对稻米籽粒剪切特性的影响研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2006,18(4):28-30.
[45]程绪铎,高梦瑶,杜小翠,等.稻谷籽粒的压缩特性与含水率关系的实验研究[J].粮食储藏,2015(1):6-10.
[46]刘春香,蔡一霞.水稻籽粒淀粉结构及其生物合成与米质关系研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(1):17-23.
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