广西九洲江流域限制生猪养殖的机会成本与环境效益分析
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摘要
作为生态补偿试点之一,九洲江流域禁养、限制生猪养殖取得了一定的环境效益,但同时造成直接经济损失约1.49亿元。以满足水环境容量的养殖规模125.00万头为基准,设定维持现有养殖模式、转变养殖模式2种情景,计算限制生猪养殖的机会成本与环境效益。结果表明,与畜牧业发展规划的养殖规模260.00万头相比,机会成本约7.36亿～7.74亿元。转变养殖模式的环境效益优于维持现有养殖模式,污染物减排量分别为COD 26 995.54t、氨氮2 411.92t、TP 2 107.80t、TN 5 300.71t,节水1 251.39万m~3;在优选情景方案下,要求200头以上养殖户100%转变为高架网床养殖模式,机会成本约7.36亿元。
The restriction of pig-breeding in the Jiuzhoujiang basin had obvious environmental benefits,while the direct economic losses reached 1.49×10~9 yuan.The opportunity costs and environmental benefits were predicted in the two scenarios,maintaining and transforming the existed breeding pattern at a breeding scale of 1.25 million pigs under the environmental capacity.The results showed that the opportunity costs would be 7.36×109-7.74×10~9 yuan comparing with the planned maximum breeding scale of 2.60 million.The environmental benefits of transforming breeding pattern were better than those of the existed breeding pattern,with COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP,TN emission reduction of 26 995.54,2 411.92,2 107.80 and 5 300.71 trespectively,water saving of 1.251 39×107 m~3.In the optimal scenario,the opportunity costs would be 7.36×10~9 yuan if farmers whose breeding scale were over 200 pigs transformed to elevated-bed-breeding pattern.
The restriction of pig-breeding in the Jiuzhoujiang basin had obvious environmental benefits,while the direct economic losses reached 1.49×10~9 yuan.The opportunity costs and environmental benefits were predicted in the two scenarios,maintaining and transforming the existed breeding pattern at a breeding scale of 1.25 million pigs under the environmental capacity.The results showed that the opportunity costs would be 7.36×109-7.74×10~9 yuan comparing with the planned maximum breeding scale of 2.60 million.The environmental benefits of transforming breeding pattern were better than those of the existed breeding pattern,with COD,ammonia nitrogen,TP,TN emission reduction of 26 995.54,2 411.92,2 107.80 and 5 300.71 trespectively,water saving of 1.251 39×107 m~3.In the optimal scenario,the opportunity costs would be 7.36×10~9 yuan if farmers whose breeding scale were over 200 pigs transformed to elevated-bed-breeding pattern.
引文
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[4]李晓光,苗鸿,郑华,等.生态补偿标准确定的主要方法及其应用[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4431-4440.
[5]余渊,姚建,昝晓辉.基于成本核算方法的流域生态补偿研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(5):559-562.
[6]林秀珠,李小斌,李家兵,等.基于机会成本和生态系统服务价值的闽江流域生态补偿标准研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):314-319.
[7]陈淑芳,彭莹莹.基于机会成本的洞庭湖湿地退田还湖生态补偿标准[J].怀化学院学报,2015,34(11):90-93.
[8]李晓光,苗鸿,郑华,等.机会成本法在确定生态补偿标准中的应用---以海南中部山区为例[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4875-4883.
[9]李彩红,葛颜祥.可持续发展背景的水源地生态补偿机会成本核算[J].改革,2013(11):106-112.
[10]李屹峰,罗玉珠,郑华,等.青海省三江源自然保护区生态移民补偿标准[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):764-770.
[11]武深树.湖南省畜禽养殖场粪便污染治理意愿及其环境成本控制研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
[12]阎波杰,赵春江,潘瑜春,等.规模化养殖畜禽粪便量估算及环境影响研究[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(7):733-737.
[13]孙翔,朱燚,蒙莹,等.养殖污染主控流域跨区域水环境资源生态补偿机制研究---以九洲江为例[J].环境保护,2017,45(23):70-73.
[14]昌苗苗,陈洋.九洲江流域生态补偿试点实践进展[J].环境保护,2017,45(7):28-30.
[15]余锋,唐杰.九洲江生态补偿试点任务顺利完成[N].广西日报,2018-02-23(15).