尿素/秸秆基高吸水树脂的一步制备及其缓释性能
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摘要
以丙烯酸为单体,K_2S_2O_8-Na_2SO_3为氧化-还原引发剂,通过自由基溶液聚合在常温下一步制备了尿素/秸秆基高吸水树脂复合材料。通过扫描电镜和红外光谱对材料进行了表征。扫描电镜表明薄片状的秸秆粉和针状的尿素结晶均匀分散在高吸水树脂基体中,红外光谱进一步证明了尿素与秸秆基高吸水树脂复合在一起。复合材料中的尿素含量可以通过反应体系中尿素的加入量方便进行控制。尿素质量分数为10%,30%和50%的尿素/秸秆基高吸水树脂复合材料吸水倍率分别为318.0,167.2和109.3 g/g。水中溶出实验和土壤淋溶实验结果表明,制备的尿素/秸秆基高吸水树脂具有良好的尿素缓释性能,在缓释肥料方面具有良好的应用前景。
Urea/straw-based superabsorbent composites were prepared by radical solution polymerization with acrylic acid as the monomer and K_2S_2O_8-Na_2SO_3 as the initiator at room temperature. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope( SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR). The SEM images show that flake-like straw powders and needle-like urea crystals are uniformly embedded in the matrix of the superabsorbent resin. The FT-IR spectra further demonstrate the formation of the composite of urea and straw-based superabsorbent. The urea content in the urea/straw-based superabsorbent resin can be easily controlled by the amount of urea in the reaction system. The water absorption of the urea/straw-based superabsorbent resins with the urea mass fractions of 10%,30% and 50 wt% is 318. 0,167. 2 and 109. 3 g/g,respectively. The results of water dissolution experiment and soil column leaching experiment show that the prepared urea/straw-based superabsorbent composites exhibit good slow-release performance and are promising in slow-release fertilizer.
Urea/straw-based superabsorbent composites were prepared by radical solution polymerization with acrylic acid as the monomer and K_2S_2O_8-Na_2SO_3 as the initiator at room temperature. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope( SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR). The SEM images show that flake-like straw powders and needle-like urea crystals are uniformly embedded in the matrix of the superabsorbent resin. The FT-IR spectra further demonstrate the formation of the composite of urea and straw-based superabsorbent. The urea content in the urea/straw-based superabsorbent resin can be easily controlled by the amount of urea in the reaction system. The water absorption of the urea/straw-based superabsorbent resins with the urea mass fractions of 10%,30% and 50 wt% is 318. 0,167. 2 and 109. 3 g/g,respectively. The results of water dissolution experiment and soil column leaching experiment show that the prepared urea/straw-based superabsorbent composites exhibit good slow-release performance and are promising in slow-release fertilizer.
引文
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[15]Zhao Xinfa,Li Zhongjin,Wang Lei,et al.Synthesis and characterization of starch microspheres crosslinked with N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2007,38(8):1356-1362(in Chinese).赵新法,李仲谨,王磊,等.N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球的合成与表征[J].功能材料,2007,38(8):1356-1362.
[16]Xie L H,Liu M Z,Ni B L,et al.New environment-friendly use of wheat straw in slow-release fertilizer formulations with the function of superabsorbent[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2012,51(10):3855-3862.
[17]Ma Z H,Li Q,Yue Q Y,et al.Synthesis and characterization of a novel superabsorbent based on wheat straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2853-2858.
[18]Feng C H,Wei Q S,Wang S F,et al.Speciation of hydroxyl-Al polymers formed through simultaneous hydrolysis of aluminum salts and urea[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2007,303:241-248.
[19]Mahmoud M E,Khalifa M A,Wakeel Y M E,et al.Engineered nano-magnetic iron oxide-urea-activated carbon nanolayer sorbent for potential removal of uranium(Ⅵ)from aqueous solution[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2017,487:13-22.
[2]Su Xiaowan,Du Jianjun,Jia Zhenyu,et al.Progress in the application of slow/controlled release fertilizer[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(12):234-238(in Chinese).粟晓万,杜建军,贾振宇,等.缓/控释肥的研究应用现状[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(12):234-238.
[3]Lu S Y,Feng C,Gao C M,et al.Multifunctional environmental smart fertilizer based on L-aspartic acid for sustained nutrient release[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2016,64(24):4965-4974.
[4]Azeem B,Kushaari K,Man Z B,et al.Review on materials&methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2014,181:11-21.
[5]Jin Qiu,Li Chaohai.The applications of the water saved polymer materials for slow release fertilizer[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,36(4):58-63(in Chinese).金秋,李潮海.吸水保水功能高分子在缓释肥料上的应用[J].农业科学研究,2015,36(4):58-63.
[6]Xie L H,Liu M Z,Ni B L,et al.Slow-release nitrogen and boron fertilizer from a functional superabsorbent formulation based on wheat straw and attapulgite[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,167(1):342-348.
[7]Liang R,Yuan H B,Xi G X,et al.Synthesis of wheat straw-g-poly(acrylic acid)superabsorbent composites and release of urea from it[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2009,77(2):181-187.
[8]Wu Lan,Liu Mingzhu.Prospects and present status of slowrelease/controlled-release fertilizer with super-absorbent and water-retention[J].Sciencepaper Online,2007,2(6):402-409(in Chinese).乌兰,柳明珠.具有吸水保水功能的缓释/控释肥料的研究现状与展望[J].中国科技论文在线,2007,2(6):402-409.
[9]Qiao D L,Liu H S,Yu L,et al.Preparation and characterization of slow-release fertilizer encapsulated by starch-based superabsorbent polymer[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,147:146-154.
[10]Wu L,Liu M Z,Liang R.Preparation and properties of a double-coated slow-release NPK compound fertilizer with superabsorbent and water-retention[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:547-554.
[11]Wang Enfei,Cui Zhiduo,He Lu,et al.Development status and research trends of slow/controlled release fertilizer[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(21):12762-12764,12767(in Chinese).王恩飞,崔智多,何璐,等.我国缓/控释肥研究现状和发展趋势[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(21):12762-12764.
[12]Xu X H,Bai B,Ding C X,et al.Synthesis and properties of an ecofriendly superabsorbent composite by grafting the poly(acrylic acid)onto the surface of dopamine-coated sea buckthorn branches[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2015,54(13):3268-3278.
[13]Watt G W,Chrisp J D.Spectrophotometric method for determination of urea[J].Analytical Chemistry,1954,26(3):452-453.
[14]Du Jianjun,Liao Zongwen,Wang Xinai,et al.Structure and nutrient controlled/slow release characteristics of super absorbent polymer coated urea[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(7):1447-1455(in Chinese).杜建军,廖宗文,王新爱,等.高吸水树脂包膜尿素的结构特征及养分控/缓释性能[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1447-1455.
[15]Zhao Xinfa,Li Zhongjin,Wang Lei,et al.Synthesis and characterization of starch microspheres crosslinked with N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2007,38(8):1356-1362(in Chinese).赵新法,李仲谨,王磊,等.N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联淀粉微球的合成与表征[J].功能材料,2007,38(8):1356-1362.
[16]Xie L H,Liu M Z,Ni B L,et al.New environment-friendly use of wheat straw in slow-release fertilizer formulations with the function of superabsorbent[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2012,51(10):3855-3862.
[17]Ma Z H,Li Q,Yue Q Y,et al.Synthesis and characterization of a novel superabsorbent based on wheat straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2853-2858.
[18]Feng C H,Wei Q S,Wang S F,et al.Speciation of hydroxyl-Al polymers formed through simultaneous hydrolysis of aluminum salts and urea[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2007,303:241-248.
[19]Mahmoud M E,Khalifa M A,Wakeel Y M E,et al.Engineered nano-magnetic iron oxide-urea-activated carbon nanolayer sorbent for potential removal of uranium(Ⅵ)from aqueous solution[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2017,487:13-22.