有机肥钾与化肥钾配施对叶类蔬菜的营养效应研究
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摘要
在重庆地区种植蔬菜多年的基地进行田间试验,探讨有机肥钾与化肥钾以不同比例配合施用对叶类蔬菜产量、品质、钾素养分吸收和利用效率的影响。结果表明:有机肥钾与化肥钾配合施用较无钾肥处理极显著提高莴笋和白菜产量(增产11.6%～17.4%和10.9%～15.4%),均以高量(50%)有机肥钾处理(M_H+K_L)增产作用最大;有机肥钾与化肥钾配合较常规施钾提高莴笋和白菜产量,但增产作用不显著。有机肥钾与化肥钾配合较不施钾处理显著增加莴笋叶维生素C含量、降低氨基酸和可溶性糖含量,白菜维生素C、氨基酸和可溶性糖含量影响不大,莴笋叶、茎和白菜硝酸盐含量分别降低4.8%～5.4%、4.9%～11.1%和15.5%～30.0%,以M_H+K_L处理作用最大。有机肥钾与化肥钾配合使莴笋和白菜钾素吸收量显著增加,均以M_H+K_L处理即有机肥50%配合化肥钾50%莴笋钾素利用效率最高。综合叶类蔬菜产量、品质和钾素利用效率,以M_H+K_L处理的效应最好。
Field experiments are carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer potassium and chemical fertilizer potassium combination on the yield, quality and potassium nutrient utilization efficiencies of leafy vegetables in a vegetable planting base of Chongqing. The results indicated that yields of lettuce and cabbage increased significantly(11.6%-17.4% and 10.9%-15.4%, respectively) under the combination treatment compared with that of no potassium treatment, in the two experiments, the highest yield was achieved under the M_H+K_Ltreatment. The yield of lettuce and cabbage under the combination treatment was higher than that of conventional potassium treatment, but the increase was not significant. The combination treatment could increase Vc content, decrease amino acid and soluble sugar content of lettuce, but it had little effect on cabbage. Nitrate contents in lettuce leaves, stems and cabbage were decreased by 4.8%-5.4%, 4.9%-11.1% and 15.5%-30.0%, respectively, and the M_H+K_Ltreatment had the best result. The combination treatment significantly increased potassium uptake and potassium utilization efficiency of lettuce and cabbage, and those under the M_H+K_Ltreatment were the highest, and the treatment was the optimal for leafy vegetable production.
Field experiments are carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer potassium and chemical fertilizer potassium combination on the yield, quality and potassium nutrient utilization efficiencies of leafy vegetables in a vegetable planting base of Chongqing. The results indicated that yields of lettuce and cabbage increased significantly(11.6%-17.4% and 10.9%-15.4%, respectively) under the combination treatment compared with that of no potassium treatment, in the two experiments, the highest yield was achieved under the M_H+K_Ltreatment. The yield of lettuce and cabbage under the combination treatment was higher than that of conventional potassium treatment, but the increase was not significant. The combination treatment could increase Vc content, decrease amino acid and soluble sugar content of lettuce, but it had little effect on cabbage. Nitrate contents in lettuce leaves, stems and cabbage were decreased by 4.8%-5.4%, 4.9%-11.1% and 15.5%-30.0%, respectively, and the M_H+K_Ltreatment had the best result. The combination treatment significantly increased potassium uptake and potassium utilization efficiency of lettuce and cabbage, and those under the M_H+K_Ltreatment were the highest, and the treatment was the optimal for leafy vegetable production.
引文
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[2]Cakmak I.Plant nutrition research:priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways[J].Plant and Soil,2002,247:3-24.
[3]陈益,王正银,李振轮,等.不同钾水平对白菜产量和钾肥效率的影响[J].磷肥与复肥,2015,30(5):48-50.
[4]陈益,杨东,王正银,等.菜园土壤有效钾提取方法比较研究-以重庆地区为例[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):150-154.
[5]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,李银水,等.当前生产条件下不同作物施肥效果和肥料贡献率研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(19):3997-4007.
[6]杨帆,李荣,崔勇,等.我国有机肥料资源利用现状与发展建议[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(4):77-82.
[7]汪世理,裴志军.商品有机肥对辣椒农艺性状和产量的影响[J].现代农业科技.2014,7:92-94.
[8]朱宝国,于忠和,孟庆英,等.有机肥和化肥不同比例配施对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(1):97-100.
[9]Gong Wi,Yan X Y,Wang J Y,et al.Longterm manuring and fertilization effects on soil organic carbon pools under a wheatmaize cropping system in North China Plain[J].Plant and Soil,2009,314:67-76.
[10]王冰清,尹能文,郑棉海,等.化肥减量配施有机肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):242-247.
[11]黄高强,亓昭英,武良,等.我国钾肥产业发展形势与建议[J].现代化工,2013,33(12):1-4.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:25-139.
[13]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(4):729-734.
[14]连青龙,张跃峰,丁小明,等.我国北方设施蔬菜质量安全现状与问题分析[J].中国蔬菜,2016(7):15-21.
[15]陆欣,王申贵,王海洪,等.新型脲酶抑制剂的试验研究[J].土壤学报,1997,34(4):461-466.
[16]付婷婷,黄永东,黄永川,等.重庆市售蔬菜中亚硝酸盐及Vc含量分析[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(2):545-548.
[17]都韶婷,金崇伟,章永松,等.蔬菜硝酸盐积累现状及其调控措施研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(17):3580-3589.
[18]王正银.蔬菜营养与品质[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:102-103.
[19]秦鱼生,涂仕华,冯文强,等.有机无机肥料对蔬菜产量和硝酸盐累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(5):670-676.
[20]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.