芦荟粉对红白锦鲤生长、消化及抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
为探讨饲料中不同水平的芦荟粉对红白锦鲤生长性能、消化酶活力及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选取540尾初始体重为(8.21±0.52)g的健康红白锦鲤随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂添加0(对照组)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%、1.25%芦荟粉的饲料,标记为L1,L2～L6,试验周期为30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,L3组和L4组蛋白质效率分别提高了42%、33%,饵料系数分别降低了31%、36%(P <0.05)。L4组红白锦鲤前肠的蛋白酶活性、中肠的脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性分别较对照组提高了49%、206%和596%(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,L4组肝胰脏、脾脏抗氧化能力显著提高,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高了170%、26%(P <0.05);过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提升了144%、251%(P <0.05);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)分别升高了221%、30%(P <0.05);L4组肝胰脏和脑中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量分别较对照组提高了240%、773%(P <0.05);L4组肝胰脏、头肾、中肾中丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组分别降低了71%、29%、36%(P <0.05)。L5组头肾中SOD活性和GSH含量分别较对照组提高了91%、377%,MDA含量较对照组下降了20%(P <0.05)。总之,饲料中添加芦荟粉能在一定程度上提高红白锦鲤生长性能、消化酶活力和抗氧化能力,且适宜添加水平为0.75%。
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aloe powder on the growth performance,digestion,antioxidation capacity of Cyprinus carpio var Koi L(Koi).Five hundred and forty Koi juveniles,with the initial body weight of(8.21±0.52)g were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish in each replicate.The six groups of fish were fed with different diets containing aloe powder at the level of 0(control),0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.25%,respectively,labeled as L1,L2 ～ L6,for 30 days.The results showed that the protein efficiency of L3 and L4 groups increased 42%,33%,and the feed coefficient decreased31% and 36%,respectively(P < 0.05),against the control group.The protease activity of the foregut,the lipase and amylase activities of indgut in L4 group increased 49%,206%,596% respectively(P < 0.05).The antioxidant capacity of the L4 group had significantly raised.Compared with the control group,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased by 170% and 26% respectively in the hepatopancreas and spleen.The catalase(CAT) activity increased 144%,251% compared with the control group.The glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) increased by 221%,30% respectively(P < 0.05),compared with the control group;The glutathione(GSH) content of L4 group increased by 240% and 773% respectively compared with the control group in hepatopancreas and brain(P < 0.05);compared the control group,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) of the L4 group declined 71%,29%,36% respectively in the hepatopancreas,head kidney and middle kidney.The activity of SOD and the content of GSH in the head kidney of the L5 group significantly increased,which were91% and 377% higher than the control group,and the MDA content decreased by 20% compared with the control group.In conclusion,dietary aloe powder could improved the growth performance,digestive enzymes activity and antioxidant capacity of Koi to some extent.And the optimum aloe powder level for Koi was 0.75%.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aloe powder on the growth performance,digestion,antioxidation capacity of Cyprinus carpio var Koi L(Koi).Five hundred and forty Koi juveniles,with the initial body weight of(8.21±0.52)g were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish in each replicate.The six groups of fish were fed with different diets containing aloe powder at the level of 0(control),0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1.00% and 1.25%,respectively,labeled as L1,L2 ～ L6,for 30 days.The results showed that the protein efficiency of L3 and L4 groups increased 42%,33%,and the feed coefficient decreased31% and 36%,respectively(P < 0.05),against the control group.The protease activity of the foregut,the lipase and amylase activities of indgut in L4 group increased 49%,206%,596% respectively(P < 0.05).The antioxidant capacity of the L4 group had significantly raised.Compared with the control group,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased by 170% and 26% respectively in the hepatopancreas and spleen.The catalase(CAT) activity increased 144%,251% compared with the control group.The glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) increased by 221%,30% respectively(P < 0.05),compared with the control group;The glutathione(GSH) content of L4 group increased by 240% and 773% respectively compared with the control group in hepatopancreas and brain(P < 0.05);compared the control group,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) of the L4 group declined 71%,29%,36% respectively in the hepatopancreas,head kidney and middle kidney.The activity of SOD and the content of GSH in the head kidney of the L5 group significantly increased,which were91% and 377% higher than the control group,and the MDA content decreased by 20% compared with the control group.In conclusion,dietary aloe powder could improved the growth performance,digestive enzymes activity and antioxidant capacity of Koi to some extent.And the optimum aloe powder level for Koi was 0.75%.
引文
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[18]王常安,徐奇友,许红,等.芦荟粉对西伯利亚鲟生长和血液生化指标的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(4):41~54.
[19]王慧容,刘玉兰.黄芪多糖、牛膝多糖和芦荟多糖对畜禽的免疫调节作用[J].科技视野,2007,10:32~34.
[20]王俊振,刘辉.芦荟产业发展现状与前景展望[J].河南农业科学,2001,11:22~23.
[21]王莉,包旭.巴巴多斯芦荟多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].华西药学杂志.1999,14(4):234~235.
[22]王长康,贾洪强,佟建明,等.芦荟对肉鸡仔生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2007,36(6):615~618.
[23]王学梅,李笑春.芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响[J].中国饲料,2008,19:27~29,32.
[24]吴广枫,汤坚.库拉索芦荟多糖的分离提纯及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2002,23(3):57~58.
[25]夏苏东,傅志茹,谢刚,等.芦荟粉对血鹦鹉幼鱼体色与生长的影响[J].水产科学,2016,35(7):7~13.
[26]张敏,吴艳玲,王勇,等.芦荟和蜂胶作为饲料添加剂对肉犬生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(5):33~36.
[27]张敏,杨雪娇,王勇,等.芦荟和蜂胶对肉鸡生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响[J].家禽科学,2005,1:9~12.
[2]陈国和,刘玉鑫,张新申,等.芦荟的化学成分及其分离和分析[J].化学研究与应用,2002,14(2):133~136.
[3]陈伟,林新华,陈俊,等.库拉索芦荟多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的体外激活作用[J].中国药学杂志,2005,40(1):34~36.
[4]崔栀,娄建石.芦荟药理研究概况[J].中国药业,2007,16(16):17~19.
[5]戴必胜,蒋林,陈少雄,等.中草药和芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生物、免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2009,29(16):21~24.
[6]戴必胜,熊凤琴.芦荟保健品研制与妙用[J].北方园艺,2001,4:27~28.
[7]邓阳勇,伍参荣,扈凤平,等.芦荟多糖对衰老小鼠免疫器官的影响[J].湖南中医药大学学报,2008,28(2):25~27.
[8]冯元璋,王林川,古飞霞,等.芦荟凝胶干粉对肉鸡免疫器官指数和血清蛋白质量浓度的影响[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2016,29(3):29~33+37.
[9]何秋霞,董贞兰,楚杰,等.芦荟大黄素对斑马鱼胚胎发育及运动行为学的毒性研究[J].山东科学,2015,28(3):23~28.
[10]蒋林,冯元璋,王琴,等.芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡cAMP/cGMP与免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(12):7~11.
[11]李军生,邹义英.芦荟类保健食品的毒理学安全性评价[J].毒理学杂志,2009,23(3):253~254.
[12]林子洪,吴敬勋,肖梓栋,等.芦荟对小鼠便秘的作用及其机制初探[J].广东医学,2005,26(10):1336~1338.
[13]刘昊,佟建明,贾洪强,等.芦荟粉对不同性别肉鸡仔免疫性能及生产性能的影响[J].福建农业学报,2007,22(3):288~292.
[14]马洪波,宋春梅,贾镭.药用芦荟中无机盐含量及临床意义[J].第四军医大学吉林军医学院学报,2001,2:69~70.
[15]苗明三,常章富.芦荟多糖对正常小鼠免疫作用影响的研究[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(8):1242.
[16]师海波,高士文,陈学力,等.芦荟的临床应用[J].特产研究,1991,1:57~59.
[17]田兵,马小琼,王关林,等.芦荟抗氧化活性成分对老龄鼠抗氧化水平的影响[J].营养学报,2004,26(4):292~295.
[18]王常安,徐奇友,许红,等.芦荟粉对西伯利亚鲟生长和血液生化指标的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(4):41~54.
[19]王慧容,刘玉兰.黄芪多糖、牛膝多糖和芦荟多糖对畜禽的免疫调节作用[J].科技视野,2007,10:32~34.
[20]王俊振,刘辉.芦荟产业发展现状与前景展望[J].河南农业科学,2001,11:22~23.
[21]王莉,包旭.巴巴多斯芦荟多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].华西药学杂志.1999,14(4):234~235.
[22]王长康,贾洪强,佟建明,等.芦荟对肉鸡仔生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2007,36(6):615~618.
[23]王学梅,李笑春.芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响[J].中国饲料,2008,19:27~29,32.
[24]吴广枫,汤坚.库拉索芦荟多糖的分离提纯及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2002,23(3):57~58.
[25]夏苏东,傅志茹,谢刚,等.芦荟粉对血鹦鹉幼鱼体色与生长的影响[J].水产科学,2016,35(7):7~13.
[26]张敏,吴艳玲,王勇,等.芦荟和蜂胶作为饲料添加剂对肉犬生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(5):33~36.
[27]张敏,杨雪娇,王勇,等.芦荟和蜂胶对肉鸡生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响[J].家禽科学,2005,1:9~12.