交变载荷对储气库注采井出砂规律的影响
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摘要
储气库生产压力周期性变化使骨架岩石受到交变载荷的作用,岩石在强注强采交变载荷作用下会出现损伤使其力学性质发生变化,影响井壁与骨架岩石的稳定性从而引起出砂。通过实验模拟强注强采交变载荷作用下注采井出砂规律,采用岩石损伤量、加载次数及加载频率等参数修正出砂指数公式,分析注采井出砂风险并预测出砂时间,可得注采周期对注采井出砂的影响规律。修正后的出砂指数公式能够预测注采井的出砂周期和出砂程度,有效指导储气库注采井先期防砂完井方式的选择,合理制定生产制度控制注采井出砂,保证储气库稳定运行。
Periodic variation of production pressure in underground gas storages can generate alternating loads acted on skeleton rocks. Under alternating loads of intensive injection and production, rocks will be damaged and their mechanical properties will change. And as a result, the stability of borehole wall and skeleton rock will be impacted and sand production will be induced. In this paper, the sand production law of injection/production wells under the alternating load of intensive injection and production was experimentally simulated. Then, the sand production index formula was modified by using rock damage amount, loading times, loading frequency and other parameters. Finally, the sand production risk of injection/production wells was analyzed and the sand production time was predicted. In this way, the influence law of injection/production cycle on sand production of injection/production wells was figured out. By virtue of the modified sand production index formula, the sand production period and degree of injection/production wells can be predicted. And it also plays an effective role in guiding the selection of early sand control completion mode of injection/production wells in underground gas storages and formulating reasonable production system to control sand production of injection/production wells so as to ensure the smooth operation of underground gas storages.
Periodic variation of production pressure in underground gas storages can generate alternating loads acted on skeleton rocks. Under alternating loads of intensive injection and production, rocks will be damaged and their mechanical properties will change. And as a result, the stability of borehole wall and skeleton rock will be impacted and sand production will be induced. In this paper, the sand production law of injection/production wells under the alternating load of intensive injection and production was experimentally simulated. Then, the sand production index formula was modified by using rock damage amount, loading times, loading frequency and other parameters. Finally, the sand production risk of injection/production wells was analyzed and the sand production time was predicted. In this way, the influence law of injection/production cycle on sand production of injection/production wells was figured out. By virtue of the modified sand production index formula, the sand production period and degree of injection/production wells can be predicted. And it also plays an effective role in guiding the selection of early sand control completion mode of injection/production wells in underground gas storages and formulating reasonable production system to control sand production of injection/production wells so as to ensure the smooth operation of underground gas storages.
引文
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[10]曾文广,张茂斌,熊友明,等.利用加权法来判断地层出砂选择完井方法[J].天然气工业,2006,26(5):99-101.ZENG W G,ZHANG M B,XIONG Y M,et al.Using weighted method to judge sand production of formations and select well completion method[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(5):99-101.
[11]倪骁慧,朱珍德,李晓娟,等.循环荷载下花岗岩细观损伤量化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):1991-1995.NI X H,ZHU Z D,LI X J,et al.Quantitative test study of meso-damage of rock under cyclic load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(7):1991-1995.
[12]朱宏平,徐文胜,陈晓强,等.利用声发射信号与速率过程理论对混凝土损伤进行定量评估[J].工程力学,2008,25(1):186-191.ZHU H P,XU W S,CHEN X Q,et al.Quantitative concretedamage evaluation by acoustic emission information and rateprocess theory[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(1):186-191.
[13]李心睿,徐清,谢红强,等.静动载耦合作用下裂隙岩石损伤本构及演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):3029-3036.LI X R,XU Q,XIE H Q,et al.Damage constitutive law and damage evolution characteristics for fractured rocks under coupling action of static and dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S1):3029-3036.
[14]MORADIAN Z A,BALLIVY G,RIVARD P,et al.Evaluating damage during shear tests of rock joints using acoustic emissions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(4):590-598.
[15]左宇军,李夕兵,唐春安,等.受静载荷的岩石在周期载荷作用下破坏的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(5):927-932.ZUO Y J,LI X B,TANG C A,et al.Experimental investigation on failure of statically loaded rock subjected to periodic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(5):927-932.
[16]张治亮,徐卫亚,王伟,等.韧性岩石常规三轴压缩试验及变形与损伤演化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊2):3857-3862.ZHANG Z L,XU W Y,WANG W,et al.Investigation on conventional triaxial compression tests of ductile rock and law of deformation and damage evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S2):3857-3862.
[17]葛修润,蒋宇,卢允德,等.周期荷载作用下岩石疲劳变形特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(10):1581-1585.GE X R,JIANG Y,LU Y D,et al.Experimental study on fatigue behavior of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(10):1581-1585.
[18]卢高明,李元辉.围压对黄砂岩疲劳破坏变形特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):1847-1856.LU G M,LI Y H.Influence of confining pressure on fatigue failure deformation of yellow sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):1847-1856.
[19]葛修润,蒋宇,任建喜,等.岩石疲劳破坏过程中的变形规律及声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1810-1814.GE X R,JIANG Y,REN J X,et al.Testing study on fatigue deformation law of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(11):1810-1814.
[20]倪骁慧,李晓娟,朱珍德,等.不同频率循环荷载作用下花岗岩细观疲劳损伤量化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):422-427.NI X H,LI X J,ZHU Z D,et al.Quantitative test study of meso-damage of granite under cyclic load with different frequencies[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):422-427.
[21]MICHAEL E K,NEMAT-NASSER S,SUO Z G,et al.New directions in mechanics[J].Mechanics of Materials,2005,37(2):231-259.
[2]魏东吼,董绍华,梁伟.地下储气库完整性管理体系及相关技术应用研究[J].油气储运,2015,34(2):115-121.WEI D H,DONG S H,LIANG W.Applied research of integrity management system and related technologies of underground gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(2):115-121.
[3]尹虎琛,陈军斌,兰义飞,等.北美典型储气库的技术发展现状与启示[J].油气储运,2013,32(8):814-817.YIN H C,CHEN J B,LAN Y F,et al.Technical development status quo and inspiration of typical gas storages in North America[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,32(8):814-817.
[4]石磊,熊伟,高树生,等.板中北砂岩型储气库压力应变规律分析[J].科技导报,2012,30(8):37-40.SHI L,XIONG W,GAO S S,et al.Analysis of pressure strain of sandstone-type gas storage in North Banzhong Area[J].Science&Technology Review,2012,30(8):37-40.
[5]AZIN R,NASIRI A,ENTEZARI A J,et al.Investigation of underground gas storage in a partially depleted gas reservoir[C].Calgary:CIPC/SPE Gas Technology Symposium 2008 Joint Conference,2008:SPE-113588-MS.
[6]丁国生,李春,王皆明,等.中国地下储气库现状及技术发展方向[J].天然气工业,2015,35(11):107-112.DING G S,LI C,WANG J M,et al.The status quo and technical development direction of underground gas storages in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(11):107-112.
[7]艾中华,赵煊,李庆.井壁和地层骨架力学稳定性分析和完井方式选择[J].中外能源,2008(2):43-47.AI Z H,ZHAO X,LI Q.Analysis of mechanical stability about borehole and skeleton for well completion choice[J].Sino-Global Energy,2008(2):43-47.
[8]杨敬源.井壁稳定性若干力学问题的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2009:18-39.YANG J Y.Research on some mechanical problems in the wellbore stability[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2009:18-39.
[9]冯永存,邓金根,李晓蓉,等.井壁稳定性评价准则分析[J].断块油气田,2012,19(2):244-248.FENG Y C,DENG J G,LI X R,et al.Analysis of failure criterions on wellbore stability prediction[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(2):244-248.
[10]曾文广,张茂斌,熊友明,等.利用加权法来判断地层出砂选择完井方法[J].天然气工业,2006,26(5):99-101.ZENG W G,ZHANG M B,XIONG Y M,et al.Using weighted method to judge sand production of formations and select well completion method[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(5):99-101.
[11]倪骁慧,朱珍德,李晓娟,等.循环荷载下花岗岩细观损伤量化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):1991-1995.NI X H,ZHU Z D,LI X J,et al.Quantitative test study of meso-damage of rock under cyclic load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(7):1991-1995.
[12]朱宏平,徐文胜,陈晓强,等.利用声发射信号与速率过程理论对混凝土损伤进行定量评估[J].工程力学,2008,25(1):186-191.ZHU H P,XU W S,CHEN X Q,et al.Quantitative concretedamage evaluation by acoustic emission information and rateprocess theory[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(1):186-191.
[13]李心睿,徐清,谢红强,等.静动载耦合作用下裂隙岩石损伤本构及演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):3029-3036.LI X R,XU Q,XIE H Q,et al.Damage constitutive law and damage evolution characteristics for fractured rocks under coupling action of static and dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S1):3029-3036.
[14]MORADIAN Z A,BALLIVY G,RIVARD P,et al.Evaluating damage during shear tests of rock joints using acoustic emissions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(4):590-598.
[15]左宇军,李夕兵,唐春安,等.受静载荷的岩石在周期载荷作用下破坏的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(5):927-932.ZUO Y J,LI X B,TANG C A,et al.Experimental investigation on failure of statically loaded rock subjected to periodic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(5):927-932.
[16]张治亮,徐卫亚,王伟,等.韧性岩石常规三轴压缩试验及变形与损伤演化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊2):3857-3862.ZHANG Z L,XU W Y,WANG W,et al.Investigation on conventional triaxial compression tests of ductile rock and law of deformation and damage evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S2):3857-3862.
[17]葛修润,蒋宇,卢允德,等.周期荷载作用下岩石疲劳变形特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(10):1581-1585.GE X R,JIANG Y,LU Y D,et al.Experimental study on fatigue behavior of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(10):1581-1585.
[18]卢高明,李元辉.围压对黄砂岩疲劳破坏变形特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):1847-1856.LU G M,LI Y H.Influence of confining pressure on fatigue failure deformation of yellow sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):1847-1856.
[19]葛修润,蒋宇,任建喜,等.岩石疲劳破坏过程中的变形规律及声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1810-1814.GE X R,JIANG Y,REN J X,et al.Testing study on fatigue deformation law of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(11):1810-1814.
[20]倪骁慧,李晓娟,朱珍德,等.不同频率循环荷载作用下花岗岩细观疲劳损伤量化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):422-427.NI X H,LI X J,ZHU Z D,et al.Quantitative test study of meso-damage of granite under cyclic load with different frequencies[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):422-427.
[21]MICHAEL E K,NEMAT-NASSER S,SUO Z G,et al.New directions in mechanics[J].Mechanics of Materials,2005,37(2):231-259.
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