蜡样芽孢杆菌对对虾养殖水体微藻群落的调控研究
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摘要
运用实验生态学方法分析了溶藻细菌——蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)CZBC1对对虾养殖水体微藻群落的影响。根据用菌量,实验分为J0组(不施菌)、J3组(用菌量3.00×10~3CFU·m L~(-1))和J5组(用菌量3.00×105CFU·m L~(-1)),每组3个平行,各实验水体优势种绿色颤藻(Oscillatoria chlorine)和波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)的初始优势度为64.14%和16.42%,实验周期15 d。结果显示,经过15 d的实验,J0组绿色颤藻优势度显著高于J3组和J5组(P<0.01),波吉卵囊藻优势度显著低于J3组和J5组(P<0.01)。其中,J0组绿色颤藻优势度升高至81.86%,J3组和J5组则分别降低至16.7%和14.6%;J0组波吉卵囊藻优势度降低至3.13%,J3组和J5组则分别升高至32.42%和47.14%。J0组、J3组和J5组对虾死亡率在第6天时分别为82.2%、46.7%和31.1%,J0组显著高于J3组和J5组(P<0.01),第15天时J0组仍然高于J3组和J5组。可见,CZBC1可有效抑制绿色颤藻(蓝藻)的生长,从而为波吉卵囊藻(绿藻)占据生态优势提供有利空间,为养殖对虾提供良好的水生态环境。
We analyzed the effect of Bacillus cereus( algicidal bacteria CZBC1) on microalgae community in shrimp aquaculture water by method of experimental ecology. According to the algicidal bacteria amount,we set Group J0( 0 CFU·m L- 1),Group J3( 3. 0 ×10~3CFU·m L~(- 1)) and Group J5( 3. 0 × 105CFU·m L~(-1)) with three parallels. The initial dominances of Oscillatoria chlorine and Oocystis borgei,the dominant species in water, were 64. 14% and 16. 42%, respectively. The results show that the dominance of O. chlorine in Group J0 was significantly higher than those in Group J3 and Group J5 after 15-day culture( P < 0. 01),and their dominances were 81. 86%,16. 7% and 14. 6%,respectively. While the dominance of O. borgei in Group J0 was significantly lower than those in Group J3 and Group J5( P < 0. 01),and their dominances were 3. 13%,32. 42% and 47. 14%,respectively. The mortality of shrimp in Group J0 was significantly higher than those in Group J3 and Group J5 on the 6thday( P < 0. 01),which were 82. 2%,46. 7% and 31. 1%,respectively. Furthermore,the mortality in Group J0 was also higher than those in Group J3 and Group J5 on the15 thday. The results indicate that algicidal bacteria CZBC1 can inhibit the growth of O. chlorine( Cyanophyta) effectively,which helps occupy the ecological advantage for O. borgei( Chlorophyta),providing better water environment for the growth of shrimp.
We analyzed the effect of Bacillus cereus( algicidal bacteria CZBC1) on microalgae community in shrimp aquaculture water by method of experimental ecology. According to the algicidal bacteria amount,we set Group J0( 0 CFU·m L- 1),Group J3( 3. 0 ×10~3CFU·m L~(- 1)) and Group J5( 3. 0 × 105CFU·m L~(-1)) with three parallels. The initial dominances of Oscillatoria chlorine and Oocystis borgei,the dominant species in water, were 64. 14% and 16. 42%, respectively. The results show that the dominance of O. chlorine in Group J0 was significantly higher than those in Group J3 and Group J5 after 15-day culture( P < 0. 01),and their dominances were 81. 86%,16. 7% and 14. 6%,respectively. While the dominance of O. borgei in Group J0 was significantly lower than those in Group J3 and Group J5( P < 0. 01),and their dominances were 3. 13%,32. 42% and 47. 14%,respectively. The mortality of shrimp in Group J0 was significantly higher than those in Group J3 and Group J5 on the 6thday( P < 0. 01),which were 82. 2%,46. 7% and 31. 1%,respectively. Furthermore,the mortality in Group J0 was also higher than those in Group J3 and Group J5 on the15 thday. The results indicate that algicidal bacteria CZBC1 can inhibit the growth of O. chlorine( Cyanophyta) effectively,which helps occupy the ecological advantage for O. borgei( Chlorophyta),providing better water environment for the growth of shrimp.
引文
[1]彭聪聪.南方半集约化养殖池塘微藻群落特征及其与水质因子关系研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011:1-56.
[2]刘孝竹,李卓佳,曹煜成,等.低盐度养殖池塘常见浮游微藻的种类组成、数量及优势种群变动[J].南方水产,2009,5(1):9-16.
[3]周亚,李万文,王敬,等.养殖水体蓝藻水华的防治[J].农业灾害研究,2013,3(4):48-49.
[4]赵以军,刘永定.有害藻类及其微生物防治的基础──藻菌关系的研究动态[J].水生生物学报,1996,20(2):173-181.
[5]裴海燕,胡文容,曲音波,等.一株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(6):796-802.
[6]王祥荣,胡欢,母锐敏,等.1株铜绿微囊藻降解菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特征[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2010,49(1):94-98.
[7]YANG Y F,HU X J,ZHANG J,et al.Community level physiological study of algicidal bacteria in the phycosphere of Skeletonema costatum and Scrippsiella trochoidea[J].Harmful Algae,2013,28:88-96.
[8]SOMDEE T,SUMALAI N,SOMDEE A.A novel actinomycete Streptomyces aurantiogriseus with algicidal activity against the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa[J].J Appl Phycol,2013,25(5):1587-1594.
[9]KEAWTAWEE T,FUKAMI K,SONGSANGJINDA P.Use of a Noctiluca-killing bacterium Marinobacter salsuginis strain BS2 to reduce shrimp mortality caused by Noctiluca scintillans[J].Fish Sci,2012,78(3):641-646.
[10]贾雯,黄翔鹄,李长玲,等.侧孢短芽孢杆菌溶藻活性代谢产物对虾池颤藻的溶藻效果[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):465-472.
[11]曹煜成,王丽花,文国樑,等.一种溶解池塘颤藻的蜡样芽胞杆菌菌株CZBC1及其应用:ZL201310203745.3[P].2014-12-17.
[12]李煜,赵素娟,张鹏,等.17株蜡样芽孢杆菌安全性评价[J].毒理学杂志,2012,26(3):233-235.
[13]李侠,徐华,詹玲,等.蜡样芽孢杆菌活菌制剂与蒙脱石联合治疗小儿病毒性腹泻[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2001,20(5):396-398.
[14]蒋光吉,徐云,傅红春,等.蜡样芽孢杆菌治疗对肝硬化患者肠道菌群的影响及其意义研究[J].西南国防医药,2008,18(2):180-181.
[15]阳钢.几种微生态制剂对刺参养殖水体及刺参肠道菌群结构的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012:18-37.
[16]何鉴尧,潘伟斌,林敏.溶藻细菌对富营养化水体藻类群落结构的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(11):70-74.
[17]王丽花.虾池有害蓝藻藻际溶藻细菌的筛选及溶藻效应[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2012:1-59.
[18]曹煜成.虾池微藻优势种群调控机理[D].广州:中山大学,2014:98-112.
[19]彭聪聪,李卓佳,曹煜成,等.斑节对虾滩涂养殖池塘浮游微藻群落演变特征[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):95-101.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T4789.14-2003食品卫生微生物学检验-蜡样芽孢杆菌检验[S]北京:中国标准出版社,2006:3-6.
[21]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-1023.
[22]郭玉洁,钱树本.中国海藻志:第五卷第一册[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-493.
[23]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,1990:158-159.
[24]麦雄伟.南美白对虾温棚化养殖水体生态特征研究[D].广州:中山大学,2003:10-11.
[25]李东,李祎,郑天凌.海洋溶藻功能菌作用机理研究的若干进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(2):243-252.
[26]伊扬磊.杀灭铜绿微囊藻细菌A2的分离、鉴定及其溶藻特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013:23-31.
[27]李卓佳,郭志勋,冯娟,等.应用芽孢杆菌调控虾池微生态的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2006,30(11):28-31.
[28]王小冬,顾兆俊,朱浩,等.春季不同营养类型池塘浮游植物群落结构特征的研究[J].水产学杂志,2013,26(6):35-39.
[29]陈纯,李思嘉,肖利娟,等.营养盐加富和鱼类添加对浮游植物群落演替和多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5777-5784.
[30]魏小岚,李纯厚,颉晓勇,等.对虾高位池循环水养殖水体浮游植物生态特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):392-403.
[31]曾建刚,蒋霞敏.对虾养殖塘浮游植物的动态变化[J].海洋湖沼通报,2010(1):71-81.
[32]李凡.两种蓝藻对WSSV潜伏感染对虾的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014:1-6.
[33]彭聪聪,李卓佳,曹煜成,等.凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘浮游微藻优势种变动规律及其对养殖环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(2):193-198.
[34]CAO Y C,WEN G L,LI Z J,et al.Effects of dominant microalgae species and bacterial quantity on shrimp production in the final culture season[J].J Appl Phycol,2014,26(4):1749-1757.
[35]王丽花,曹煜成,李卓佳.溶藻细菌控藻作用及其在对虾养殖池塘中的应用前景[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(4):76-82.
[2]刘孝竹,李卓佳,曹煜成,等.低盐度养殖池塘常见浮游微藻的种类组成、数量及优势种群变动[J].南方水产,2009,5(1):9-16.
[3]周亚,李万文,王敬,等.养殖水体蓝藻水华的防治[J].农业灾害研究,2013,3(4):48-49.
[4]赵以军,刘永定.有害藻类及其微生物防治的基础──藻菌关系的研究动态[J].水生生物学报,1996,20(2):173-181.
[5]裴海燕,胡文容,曲音波,等.一株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(6):796-802.
[6]王祥荣,胡欢,母锐敏,等.1株铜绿微囊藻降解菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特征[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2010,49(1):94-98.
[7]YANG Y F,HU X J,ZHANG J,et al.Community level physiological study of algicidal bacteria in the phycosphere of Skeletonema costatum and Scrippsiella trochoidea[J].Harmful Algae,2013,28:88-96.
[8]SOMDEE T,SUMALAI N,SOMDEE A.A novel actinomycete Streptomyces aurantiogriseus with algicidal activity against the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa[J].J Appl Phycol,2013,25(5):1587-1594.
[9]KEAWTAWEE T,FUKAMI K,SONGSANGJINDA P.Use of a Noctiluca-killing bacterium Marinobacter salsuginis strain BS2 to reduce shrimp mortality caused by Noctiluca scintillans[J].Fish Sci,2012,78(3):641-646.
[10]贾雯,黄翔鹄,李长玲,等.侧孢短芽孢杆菌溶藻活性代谢产物对虾池颤藻的溶藻效果[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):465-472.
[11]曹煜成,王丽花,文国樑,等.一种溶解池塘颤藻的蜡样芽胞杆菌菌株CZBC1及其应用:ZL201310203745.3[P].2014-12-17.
[12]李煜,赵素娟,张鹏,等.17株蜡样芽孢杆菌安全性评价[J].毒理学杂志,2012,26(3):233-235.
[13]李侠,徐华,詹玲,等.蜡样芽孢杆菌活菌制剂与蒙脱石联合治疗小儿病毒性腹泻[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2001,20(5):396-398.
[14]蒋光吉,徐云,傅红春,等.蜡样芽孢杆菌治疗对肝硬化患者肠道菌群的影响及其意义研究[J].西南国防医药,2008,18(2):180-181.
[15]阳钢.几种微生态制剂对刺参养殖水体及刺参肠道菌群结构的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012:18-37.
[16]何鉴尧,潘伟斌,林敏.溶藻细菌对富营养化水体藻类群落结构的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(11):70-74.
[17]王丽花.虾池有害蓝藻藻际溶藻细菌的筛选及溶藻效应[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2012:1-59.
[18]曹煜成.虾池微藻优势种群调控机理[D].广州:中山大学,2014:98-112.
[19]彭聪聪,李卓佳,曹煜成,等.斑节对虾滩涂养殖池塘浮游微藻群落演变特征[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):95-101.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T4789.14-2003食品卫生微生物学检验-蜡样芽孢杆菌检验[S]北京:中国标准出版社,2006:3-6.
[21]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-1023.
[22]郭玉洁,钱树本.中国海藻志:第五卷第一册[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-493.
[23]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,1990:158-159.
[24]麦雄伟.南美白对虾温棚化养殖水体生态特征研究[D].广州:中山大学,2003:10-11.
[25]李东,李祎,郑天凌.海洋溶藻功能菌作用机理研究的若干进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(2):243-252.
[26]伊扬磊.杀灭铜绿微囊藻细菌A2的分离、鉴定及其溶藻特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013:23-31.
[27]李卓佳,郭志勋,冯娟,等.应用芽孢杆菌调控虾池微生态的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2006,30(11):28-31.
[28]王小冬,顾兆俊,朱浩,等.春季不同营养类型池塘浮游植物群落结构特征的研究[J].水产学杂志,2013,26(6):35-39.
[29]陈纯,李思嘉,肖利娟,等.营养盐加富和鱼类添加对浮游植物群落演替和多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5777-5784.
[30]魏小岚,李纯厚,颉晓勇,等.对虾高位池循环水养殖水体浮游植物生态特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(2):392-403.
[31]曾建刚,蒋霞敏.对虾养殖塘浮游植物的动态变化[J].海洋湖沼通报,2010(1):71-81.
[32]李凡.两种蓝藻对WSSV潜伏感染对虾的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014:1-6.
[33]彭聪聪,李卓佳,曹煜成,等.凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘浮游微藻优势种变动规律及其对养殖环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(2):193-198.
[34]CAO Y C,WEN G L,LI Z J,et al.Effects of dominant microalgae species and bacterial quantity on shrimp production in the final culture season[J].J Appl Phycol,2014,26(4):1749-1757.
[35]王丽花,曹煜成,李卓佳.溶藻细菌控藻作用及其在对虾养殖池塘中的应用前景[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(4):76-82.