贵州岩鱼坡立谷岩溶塌陷机理分析
|
摘要
为有效防治贵州坡立谷地区,大量抽取地下水而引发的岩溶塌陷地质灾害的再次发生,以较典型的贞丰岩鱼坡立谷岩溶塌陷为例,通过对诱发因素和岩溶塌陷形成的力学模型的分析,得出引发塌陷机理特征为:红粘土"上硬下软"的状态;地下暗河的反均衡水力坡度;大降深的抽取地下水.经验算,该类地质条件下抽水应控制地下水位最大降深在15 m以内,且尽量分散布井抽水,避免集中抽水导致大降深水位的出现.
Residents have pumped a large amount of groundwater because of drought resisting at the polje area in Guizhou.Thus,it results in the karst collapses which is one of geological disasters.In order to prevent the occurrence of such karst collapse to happen again,this paper took a typical example of karst collapse at Yanyu polje in Zhenfeng County as the case of study,and analyzed the inducing factors and mechanical model of the formation of Karst Collapse.The results of the analysis show the mechanism characteristics of the karst Collapse,which are the state of red clay is that the upper part is hard and the lower is soft,the anti balance hydraulic slope of the underground river,and the deep drawdown of pumping groundwater.Through checking calculation,under this kind of geological conditions,the deep drawdown of pumping groundwater should be controlled within 15 meters.To avoid the emergence of the deep drawdown caused by concentrated pumping,well pattern should be scattered when pumping water.
Residents have pumped a large amount of groundwater because of drought resisting at the polje area in Guizhou.Thus,it results in the karst collapses which is one of geological disasters.In order to prevent the occurrence of such karst collapse to happen again,this paper took a typical example of karst collapse at Yanyu polje in Zhenfeng County as the case of study,and analyzed the inducing factors and mechanical model of the formation of Karst Collapse.The results of the analysis show the mechanism characteristics of the karst Collapse,which are the state of red clay is that the upper part is hard and the lower is soft,the anti balance hydraulic slope of the underground river,and the deep drawdown of pumping groundwater.Through checking calculation,under this kind of geological conditions,the deep drawdown of pumping groundwater should be controlled within 15 meters.To avoid the emergence of the deep drawdown caused by concentrated pumping,well pattern should be scattered when pumping water.
引文
[1]苏维词.贵州主要城市的岩溶塌陷灾害及防治[J].水文地质工程地质,1998(3):40-42.SU Weici.Disaster and prevention and cure of karst collapse in Guizhou main city[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1998(3):40-42.
[2]谭明.安龙地区海子(坡立谷)水文地貌成因分析[J].中国岩溶,1992,11(2):59-64.TAN Ming.Conception of hydrogeomorphology in analysing karst lakes in Anlong[J].Carsologiga Sinca,1992,11(2):59-64.
[3]贞丰县岩鱼地区岩溶塌陷勘查报告[R].贵州大学勘察设计研究院,2012.
[4]1:20万兴仁幅区域水文地质调查报告[R].贵州省地矿局一一四地质大队,1980.
[5]陈仲颐,周景星,王洪谨.土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[6]陈国亮.岩溶地面塌陷的成因与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994.
[7]冯福.贵州岩溶塌陷模式研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2013.
[8]王来贵,张鹏,李喜林.含水率及压实度对排土场岩土抗剪强度的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):699-703.WANG Laigui,ZHANG Peng,LI Xilin.Water content and compactness influence on waste disposal site rock shearing strength[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2015,34(6):699-703.
[9]康彦仁.中国南方岩溶塌陷[M].桂林:广西科学技术出版社,1990.
[10]中华人民共和国水利部.DL/T5213-2005.水利水电工程钻孔抽水试验规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[11]郑小战,黄健民,李德州.广花盆地南部金沙洲岩溶演变及环境特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):128-143.ZHEN Xiaozhan,HUANG Jianimin,LI Dezhou.Karst evolution and environmental fratures in Jinshazhou in the southern GuangzhouHuadu basin[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):128-143.
[12]李建新,王来贵.降雨诱发浅伏采空区上方地表塌陷机理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(1):50-54.LI Jianxin,WANG Laigui.Mechanism analysis of surface subsidence over superficial goaf caused by rainfall[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2013,32(1):50-54.
[13]徐卫国,赵桂荣.试论岩溶矿区地面塌陷的真空吸蚀作用[J].地质论评,1981,27(2):174-180.XU Weiguo,ZHAO Guirong.The implication of suction action for ground subsidence in Karst Mining Areds[J].Geological Review,1981,27(2):174-180.
[2]谭明.安龙地区海子(坡立谷)水文地貌成因分析[J].中国岩溶,1992,11(2):59-64.TAN Ming.Conception of hydrogeomorphology in analysing karst lakes in Anlong[J].Carsologiga Sinca,1992,11(2):59-64.
[3]贞丰县岩鱼地区岩溶塌陷勘查报告[R].贵州大学勘察设计研究院,2012.
[4]1:20万兴仁幅区域水文地质调查报告[R].贵州省地矿局一一四地质大队,1980.
[5]陈仲颐,周景星,王洪谨.土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[6]陈国亮.岩溶地面塌陷的成因与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994.
[7]冯福.贵州岩溶塌陷模式研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2013.
[8]王来贵,张鹏,李喜林.含水率及压实度对排土场岩土抗剪强度的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(6):699-703.WANG Laigui,ZHANG Peng,LI Xilin.Water content and compactness influence on waste disposal site rock shearing strength[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2015,34(6):699-703.
[9]康彦仁.中国南方岩溶塌陷[M].桂林:广西科学技术出版社,1990.
[10]中华人民共和国水利部.DL/T5213-2005.水利水电工程钻孔抽水试验规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[11]郑小战,黄健民,李德州.广花盆地南部金沙洲岩溶演变及环境特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):128-143.ZHEN Xiaozhan,HUANG Jianimin,LI Dezhou.Karst evolution and environmental fratures in Jinshazhou in the southern GuangzhouHuadu basin[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):128-143.
[12]李建新,王来贵.降雨诱发浅伏采空区上方地表塌陷机理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(1):50-54.LI Jianxin,WANG Laigui.Mechanism analysis of surface subsidence over superficial goaf caused by rainfall[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2013,32(1):50-54.
[13]徐卫国,赵桂荣.试论岩溶矿区地面塌陷的真空吸蚀作用[J].地质论评,1981,27(2):174-180.XU Weiguo,ZHAO Guirong.The implication of suction action for ground subsidence in Karst Mining Areds[J].Geological Review,1981,27(2):174-180.