等径角挤压7075铝合金的显微组织和织构演变（英文）
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摘要
等径角挤压是一种有效的控制金属和合金显微组织和织构的技术。采用X射线衍射仪和取向成像显微镜评价通过90°模具反复等径角挤压7075铝合金的显微组织和织构。定性和定量分析结果表明,不同的路径会产生不同的织构类型。利用Labotex软件计算的织构表明,经第1道次等径角挤压后合金织构增强,而经第4道次挤压后合金织构减弱。显微组织研究表明,经过Bc和A路径等径角挤压4道次后,出现了平均尺寸分别为700 nm和1μm的细小晶粒,且大多数晶粒演化为大角度晶界排列。研究了铜管包覆对7075铝合金显微组织和织构的影响。
Equal channel angular pressing is an effective technique to control the texture and microstructure of metals and alloys. Texture and microstructure of an Al-7075 alloy subjected to repetitive equal channel angular pressing through a 90° die were evaluated by X-ray diffractometer and orientation imaging microscopy. It is observed that processing through different routes leads to different types of textures, in both qualitative and quantitative senses. The texture calculation by Labotex software reveals that texture strengthens after the first pass and weakens by progressing ECAP process up to 4 passes. Microstructure investigations show that after 4 passes of equal channel angular pressing via routes BC and A, very fine grains with average grain size of about 700 nm and 1 μm appear, respectively, and most of the grains evolve into arrays of high angle boundaries. The effects of covering the Al-7075 billets with copper tube on texture and microstructure were also studied.
Equal channel angular pressing is an effective technique to control the texture and microstructure of metals and alloys. Texture and microstructure of an Al-7075 alloy subjected to repetitive equal channel angular pressing through a 90° die were evaluated by X-ray diffractometer and orientation imaging microscopy. It is observed that processing through different routes leads to different types of textures, in both qualitative and quantitative senses. The texture calculation by Labotex software reveals that texture strengthens after the first pass and weakens by progressing ECAP process up to 4 passes. Microstructure investigations show that after 4 passes of equal channel angular pressing via routes BC and A, very fine grains with average grain size of about 700 nm and 1 μm appear, respectively, and most of the grains evolve into arrays of high angle boundaries. The effects of covering the Al-7075 billets with copper tube on texture and microstructure were also studied.
引文
[1]VALIEV R Z,LANGDON T G.Principles of equal-channel angularpressing as a processing tool for grain refinement[J].Prog Mater Sci,2006,51:881-981.
[2]XU C,LANGDON T G.Influence of a round corner die on flow homogeneity in ECA pressing[J].Scr Mater,2003,48:1-4.
[3]XU C,LANGDON T G.The development of hardness homogeneity in aluminum and an aluminum alloy processed by ECAP[J].J Mater Sci,2007,42:1542-1550.
[4]ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Ke-shi,WU Hwai-chung,YU Mei-hua.Experimental and numerical investigation on pure aluminum by ECAP[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19:1303-1311.
[5]JIANG Da-ming,NING Jiang-li,SUN Jiang-feng,HU Zhi-min,HOU Yi.Annealing behavior of Al-Mg-Mn alloy processed by ECAP at elevated temperature[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18(2):248-254.
[6]SHAERI M H,SALEHI M T,SEYYEDEIN S H,ABUTALEBI M R,PARK J K.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7075alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing combined with aging treatment[J].J Mater Des,2014,57:250-257.
[7]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J,VOGEL S C.Texture evolution during multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion of copper:Neutron diffraction characterization and polycrystal modeling[J].Acta Mater,2005,53:2111-2125.
[8]SUWAS S,ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,TóTH L S,FUNDENBERGER J J,BEAUSIR B.Evolution of texture during equal channel angular extrusion of commercially pure aluminum:Experiments and simulations[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2009,520:134-146.
[9]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J.Characterization of deformation textures in pure copper processed by equal channel angular extrusion via route A[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2006,431:339-345.
[10]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,BOURKE M A M.Texture formation during equal channel angular extrusion of fcc and bcc materials:Comparison with simple shear[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2005,394:66-77.
[11]SHAERI M H,SALEHI M T,SEYYEDEIN S H,ABUTALEBI M R,PARK J K.Characterization of microstructure and deformation texture during equal channel angular pressing of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy[J].J Alloy Comp,2013,579:350-357.
[12]ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,SUWAS S,TóTH L S,SKROTZKI W,FUNDENBERGER J J,EBERHARDT A.Experiments and modeling of ECAE textures of fcc polycrystals[J].Mater Sci Forum2005,495-497:839-844.
[13]GHOLINIA A,BATE P,PRANGNELL P B.Modelling texture development during equal channel angular extrusion of aluminum[J].Acta Mater,2002,50:2121-2136.
[14]WU Bao-lin,HUANG Zhen-wei,ZHANG Yu-dong,BAO Lei,ESLING C.Deformed texture of copper processed by equal channel angular pressing via different angle routes[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2007,17(3):479-485.
[15]ZHANG Fan,ZHANG Ke-xiang,TAN Cheng-wen,YU Xiao-dong,MA Hong-lei,WANG Fu-chi,CAI Hog-nian.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(10):2140-2146.
[16]SUWAS S,TóTH L S,FUNDENBERGER J J,EBERHARDT A,SKROTZKI W.Evolution of crystallographic texture during equal channel angular extrusion of silver[J].Scripta Mater,2003,49:1203-1208.
[17]SALIMYANFARD F,TOROGHINEJAD M R,ASHRAFIZADEH F,HOSEINI M,SZPUNAR J A.Investigation of texture and mechanical properties of copper processed by new route of equal channel angular pressing[J].J Mater Des,2013,44:374-381.
[18]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J,VOGEL S C.Texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion:Effect of initial texture from experiment and simulation[J].Scripta Mater,2005,52:1099-1104.
[19]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,NECKER C T,ALEXANDER D J,BOURKE M.Heterogeneity of deformation texture in equal channel angular extrusion of copper[J].Acta Mater,2004,52:4859-4875.
[20]WERENSKIOLD J C,ROVEN H J.Microstructure and texture evolution during ECAP of an Al Mg Si alloy:Observations,mechanisms and modeling[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2005,410-411:174-177.
[21]ETTER A L,BAUDIN T,REY C,PENELLE R.Microstructural and textural characterization of copper processed by ECAE[J].Mater Character,2006;56:19-25.
[22]HAOUAOUI M,HARTWIG K T,PAYZANT E A.Effect of strain path on texture and annealing microstructure development in bulk pure copper processed by simple shear[J].Acta Mater,2005,53:801-810.
[23]LI S,GAZDER A A,BEYERLEIN I J,PERELOMA E V,DAVIES C H J.Effect of processing route on microstructure and texture development in equal channel angular extrusion of interstitial-free steel[J].Acta Mater,2006,54:1087-1100.
[24]FERRASSE S,SEGAL V M,KALIDINDI S R,ALFORD F.Texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion(Part I):Effect of route,number of passes and initial texture[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2004,368:28-40.
[25]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J.Modelling texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion of bcc materials:Effects of processing route and initial texture[J].Model Simul Mater Sci Eng,2005,13:509-530.
[26]BAIK S C,ESTRIN Y,HELLMIG R J,JEONG H T,BROKMEIER H G,KIM H S.Modeling of texture evolution of copper under equal channel angular pressing[J].Z Metallkd,2003,94:1189-1198.
[27]SEGAL V M.Equal channel angular extrusion:From macromechanics to structure formation[J].Mater Sci Eng A,1999,271:322-333.
[28]KIM H S.Evaluation of strain rate during equal channel angular pressing[J].J Mater Res,2002,17:172-179.
[29]LI S,BOURKE M A M,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J,CLAUSEN B.Finite element analysis of the plastic deformation zone and working load in equal channel angular extrusion[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2004,382:217-236.
[30]SHAERI M H,DJAVANROODI F,AHMADI S,SEDIGHI M,SALEHI M T,SEYYEDEIN S H.The effect of copper tube casing on homogeneity and mechanical properties of Al 7075 alloy processed by the equal channel angular pressing[J].J Strain Analysis Eng Des,2013,48:512-521.
[31]IWAHASHI Y,WANG J,HORITA Z,NEMOTO M,LANGDON T G.Principle of equal-channel angular pressing for the processing of ultra-fine grained materials[J].Scripta Mater,1996,35:143-146.
[32]BEYERLEIN I J,TóTH L S.Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion[J].Prog Mater Sci,2009,54:427-510.
[33]WECK E,LEISTNER E.Metallographic instructions for colour etching by immersion[M].Part III.Germany:DVS Verlay Gmb H-Düsseldorf,1986.
[34]TóTH L S,ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,GERMAIN L,BAIK S C,SUWAS S.Analysis of texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion of copper using a new flow field[J].Acta Mater,2004,52:1885-1898.
[35]CHOWDHURY S G,XU C,LANGDON T G.Texture evolution in an aluminum alloy processed by ECAP with concurrent precipitate fragmentation[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2008,473:219-225.
[36]SUWAS S,ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,TóTH L S,FUNDENBERGER J J,EBERHARDT A,SKROTZKI W.Evolution of crystallographic texture during equal channel angular extrusion of copper:The role of material variable[J].Metall Mater Trans A,2006,37:739-753.
[37]BUNGE H J.Texture analysis in materials science[M].London:Butterworth and Co,1982.
[38]IWAHASHI Y,FURUKAWA M,HORITA Z,NEMOTO M,LANGDON T G.Microstructural characteristics of ultrafine-grained aluminum produced using equal-channel angular pressing[J].Metall Mater Trans A,1998,29:2245-2252.
[39]KIM Y G,KO Y G,SHIN D H,LEE S.Effect of equal-channel angular pressing routes on high-strain-rate deformation behavior of ultra-fine-grained aluminum alloy[J].Acta Mater,2010,58:2545-2554.
[40]IWAHASHI Y,HORITA Z,NEMOTO M,LANGDON T G.The process of grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing[J].Acta Mater,1998,46:3317-3331.
[41]VENKATACHALAM P,KUMAR S R,RAVISANKAR B,PAUL V T,VIJAYALAKSHMI M.Effect of processing routes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2014 Al alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20:1822-1828.
[2]XU C,LANGDON T G.Influence of a round corner die on flow homogeneity in ECA pressing[J].Scr Mater,2003,48:1-4.
[3]XU C,LANGDON T G.The development of hardness homogeneity in aluminum and an aluminum alloy processed by ECAP[J].J Mater Sci,2007,42:1542-1550.
[4]ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Ke-shi,WU Hwai-chung,YU Mei-hua.Experimental and numerical investigation on pure aluminum by ECAP[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19:1303-1311.
[5]JIANG Da-ming,NING Jiang-li,SUN Jiang-feng,HU Zhi-min,HOU Yi.Annealing behavior of Al-Mg-Mn alloy processed by ECAP at elevated temperature[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18(2):248-254.
[6]SHAERI M H,SALEHI M T,SEYYEDEIN S H,ABUTALEBI M R,PARK J K.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7075alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing combined with aging treatment[J].J Mater Des,2014,57:250-257.
[7]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J,VOGEL S C.Texture evolution during multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion of copper:Neutron diffraction characterization and polycrystal modeling[J].Acta Mater,2005,53:2111-2125.
[8]SUWAS S,ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,TóTH L S,FUNDENBERGER J J,BEAUSIR B.Evolution of texture during equal channel angular extrusion of commercially pure aluminum:Experiments and simulations[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2009,520:134-146.
[9]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J.Characterization of deformation textures in pure copper processed by equal channel angular extrusion via route A[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2006,431:339-345.
[10]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,BOURKE M A M.Texture formation during equal channel angular extrusion of fcc and bcc materials:Comparison with simple shear[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2005,394:66-77.
[11]SHAERI M H,SALEHI M T,SEYYEDEIN S H,ABUTALEBI M R,PARK J K.Characterization of microstructure and deformation texture during equal channel angular pressing of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy[J].J Alloy Comp,2013,579:350-357.
[12]ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,SUWAS S,TóTH L S,SKROTZKI W,FUNDENBERGER J J,EBERHARDT A.Experiments and modeling of ECAE textures of fcc polycrystals[J].Mater Sci Forum2005,495-497:839-844.
[13]GHOLINIA A,BATE P,PRANGNELL P B.Modelling texture development during equal channel angular extrusion of aluminum[J].Acta Mater,2002,50:2121-2136.
[14]WU Bao-lin,HUANG Zhen-wei,ZHANG Yu-dong,BAO Lei,ESLING C.Deformed texture of copper processed by equal channel angular pressing via different angle routes[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2007,17(3):479-485.
[15]ZHANG Fan,ZHANG Ke-xiang,TAN Cheng-wen,YU Xiao-dong,MA Hong-lei,WANG Fu-chi,CAI Hog-nian.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(10):2140-2146.
[16]SUWAS S,TóTH L S,FUNDENBERGER J J,EBERHARDT A,SKROTZKI W.Evolution of crystallographic texture during equal channel angular extrusion of silver[J].Scripta Mater,2003,49:1203-1208.
[17]SALIMYANFARD F,TOROGHINEJAD M R,ASHRAFIZADEH F,HOSEINI M,SZPUNAR J A.Investigation of texture and mechanical properties of copper processed by new route of equal channel angular pressing[J].J Mater Des,2013,44:374-381.
[18]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J,VOGEL S C.Texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion:Effect of initial texture from experiment and simulation[J].Scripta Mater,2005,52:1099-1104.
[19]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J,NECKER C T,ALEXANDER D J,BOURKE M.Heterogeneity of deformation texture in equal channel angular extrusion of copper[J].Acta Mater,2004,52:4859-4875.
[20]WERENSKIOLD J C,ROVEN H J.Microstructure and texture evolution during ECAP of an Al Mg Si alloy:Observations,mechanisms and modeling[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2005,410-411:174-177.
[21]ETTER A L,BAUDIN T,REY C,PENELLE R.Microstructural and textural characterization of copper processed by ECAE[J].Mater Character,2006;56:19-25.
[22]HAOUAOUI M,HARTWIG K T,PAYZANT E A.Effect of strain path on texture and annealing microstructure development in bulk pure copper processed by simple shear[J].Acta Mater,2005,53:801-810.
[23]LI S,GAZDER A A,BEYERLEIN I J,PERELOMA E V,DAVIES C H J.Effect of processing route on microstructure and texture development in equal channel angular extrusion of interstitial-free steel[J].Acta Mater,2006,54:1087-1100.
[24]FERRASSE S,SEGAL V M,KALIDINDI S R,ALFORD F.Texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion(Part I):Effect of route,number of passes and initial texture[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2004,368:28-40.
[25]LI S,BEYERLEIN I J.Modelling texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion of bcc materials:Effects of processing route and initial texture[J].Model Simul Mater Sci Eng,2005,13:509-530.
[26]BAIK S C,ESTRIN Y,HELLMIG R J,JEONG H T,BROKMEIER H G,KIM H S.Modeling of texture evolution of copper under equal channel angular pressing[J].Z Metallkd,2003,94:1189-1198.
[27]SEGAL V M.Equal channel angular extrusion:From macromechanics to structure formation[J].Mater Sci Eng A,1999,271:322-333.
[28]KIM H S.Evaluation of strain rate during equal channel angular pressing[J].J Mater Res,2002,17:172-179.
[29]LI S,BOURKE M A M,BEYERLEIN I J,ALEXANDER D J,CLAUSEN B.Finite element analysis of the plastic deformation zone and working load in equal channel angular extrusion[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2004,382:217-236.
[30]SHAERI M H,DJAVANROODI F,AHMADI S,SEDIGHI M,SALEHI M T,SEYYEDEIN S H.The effect of copper tube casing on homogeneity and mechanical properties of Al 7075 alloy processed by the equal channel angular pressing[J].J Strain Analysis Eng Des,2013,48:512-521.
[31]IWAHASHI Y,WANG J,HORITA Z,NEMOTO M,LANGDON T G.Principle of equal-channel angular pressing for the processing of ultra-fine grained materials[J].Scripta Mater,1996,35:143-146.
[32]BEYERLEIN I J,TóTH L S.Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion[J].Prog Mater Sci,2009,54:427-510.
[33]WECK E,LEISTNER E.Metallographic instructions for colour etching by immersion[M].Part III.Germany:DVS Verlay Gmb H-Düsseldorf,1986.
[34]TóTH L S,ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,GERMAIN L,BAIK S C,SUWAS S.Analysis of texture evolution in equal channel angular extrusion of copper using a new flow field[J].Acta Mater,2004,52:1885-1898.
[35]CHOWDHURY S G,XU C,LANGDON T G.Texture evolution in an aluminum alloy processed by ECAP with concurrent precipitate fragmentation[J].Mater Sci Eng A,2008,473:219-225.
[36]SUWAS S,ARRUFFAT-MASSION R,TóTH L S,FUNDENBERGER J J,EBERHARDT A,SKROTZKI W.Evolution of crystallographic texture during equal channel angular extrusion of copper:The role of material variable[J].Metall Mater Trans A,2006,37:739-753.
[37]BUNGE H J.Texture analysis in materials science[M].London:Butterworth and Co,1982.
[38]IWAHASHI Y,FURUKAWA M,HORITA Z,NEMOTO M,LANGDON T G.Microstructural characteristics of ultrafine-grained aluminum produced using equal-channel angular pressing[J].Metall Mater Trans A,1998,29:2245-2252.
[39]KIM Y G,KO Y G,SHIN D H,LEE S.Effect of equal-channel angular pressing routes on high-strain-rate deformation behavior of ultra-fine-grained aluminum alloy[J].Acta Mater,2010,58:2545-2554.
[40]IWAHASHI Y,HORITA Z,NEMOTO M,LANGDON T G.The process of grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing[J].Acta Mater,1998,46:3317-3331.
[41]VENKATACHALAM P,KUMAR S R,RAVISANKAR B,PAUL V T,VIJAYALAKSHMI M.Effect of processing routes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2014 Al alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20:1822-1828.