1995—2015年武汉城市湖泊景观生态安全格局演化
|
摘要
以1995、2005、2015年3期遥感影像为数据源,通过景观指数和GIS空间分析方法研究武汉中心城区湖泊系统景观格局的演化特征,进而构建湖泊景观生态安全评价模型,以揭示武汉中心城区湖泊系统景观生态安全格局演变规律,并探讨其驱动因素。研究结果表明:(1)近20年来武汉中心城区湖泊系统总面积呈现不断下降趋势,1995—2005年以年均2.4%的速率缩减了28.95 km~2,2005—2015年以年均1.8%的速率缩减了17.47 km~2。(2)研究期湖泊系统的斑块密度、分维数呈现不断降低趋势,这表明武汉中心城区湖泊破碎化程度在不断降低,湖泊形状趋于简化;而连接度呈现不断增加趋势,湖泊分布集聚趋势不断加强,空间结构趋于紧凑集中。(3)武汉城市湖泊系统总体景观生态安全呈现不断恶化趋势,而次级湖泊水系景观生态安全呈现不同的演化特征。城市建成区的迅速扩展、湖泊由农业生产对象转化为可利用发展用地、房地产事业成为支柱产业是湖泊系统遭填占最主要的动力,直接危害了其景观生态安全,而市民环境意识提高引发湖泊保护倡议和实践,对湖泊景观生态安全产生着积极影响。对湖泊景观生态安全格局演变特征及驱动因素的研究,可以为武汉制定行之有效的生态管理政策和环境治理措施提供重要支撑。
Using the remote sensing images of 1995, 2005, and 2015 as the data sources, this paper explored the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lake landscape pattern in the central district of Wuhan through selected landscape indices and the GIS spatial analysis method. Subsequently, the ecological security evaluation model of the lake landscape was established to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of the landscape ecological security pattern of the lake system. The results showed that:(1) In the past 20 years, the total area of the urban lake showed a decreasing trend. The lake area decreased by 28.95 km~2 at an annual average decreasing rate of 2.4% from 1995 to 2005, and 17.47 km~2 at 1.8% in the time period 2005—2015.(2) The patch density and fractal dimension of the lake system both showed a decreasing trend, which indicated that the fragmentation of lakes was decreasing, and the shape was becoming simplified. The connectivity index showed a rising trend, which indicated that the lake space structure was becoming more compact.(3) The overall ecological safety of the urban lake system showed a deteriorating trend during the period 1995—2015. Each secondary lake system was influenced by a different degree of urbanization and human disturbance, thus the ecological security evolution of the secondary lake systems showed different characteristics. The rapid expansion of urban built-up areas, the transformation of lakes from agricultural production objects into usable development land, and the real estate industry as the pillar industries were the main driving forces for the lake system to be filled, directly endangering its landscape ecological security and raising public awareness of environmental protection through lake protection initiatives and practices that had a positive impact on the ecological security of the lake landscape. This research on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lake landscape pattern and driving forces can provide an important support for Wuhan to formulate effective ecological management policies and environmental governance measures.
Using the remote sensing images of 1995, 2005, and 2015 as the data sources, this paper explored the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lake landscape pattern in the central district of Wuhan through selected landscape indices and the GIS spatial analysis method. Subsequently, the ecological security evaluation model of the lake landscape was established to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of the landscape ecological security pattern of the lake system. The results showed that:(1) In the past 20 years, the total area of the urban lake showed a decreasing trend. The lake area decreased by 28.95 km~2 at an annual average decreasing rate of 2.4% from 1995 to 2005, and 17.47 km~2 at 1.8% in the time period 2005—2015.(2) The patch density and fractal dimension of the lake system both showed a decreasing trend, which indicated that the fragmentation of lakes was decreasing, and the shape was becoming simplified. The connectivity index showed a rising trend, which indicated that the lake space structure was becoming more compact.(3) The overall ecological safety of the urban lake system showed a deteriorating trend during the period 1995—2015. Each secondary lake system was influenced by a different degree of urbanization and human disturbance, thus the ecological security evolution of the secondary lake systems showed different characteristics. The rapid expansion of urban built-up areas, the transformation of lakes from agricultural production objects into usable development land, and the real estate industry as the pillar industries were the main driving forces for the lake system to be filled, directly endangering its landscape ecological security and raising public awareness of environmental protection through lake protection initiatives and practices that had a positive impact on the ecological security of the lake landscape. This research on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lake landscape pattern and driving forces can provide an important support for Wuhan to formulate effective ecological management policies and environmental governance measures.
引文
[1] 陈宜瑜. 中国湿地研究. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社, 1995.
[2] 白军红, 欧阳华, 杨志锋, 崔保山, 崔丽娟, 王庆改. 湿地景观格局变化研究进展. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(4): 36-45.
[3] 尹辉, 杨波, 蒋忠诚, 曾发明, 彭鹏, 李景保. 近60年洞庭湖泊形态与水沙过程的互动响应. 地理研究, 2012, 31(3): 471-483.
[4] Chen K L, Wang X, Li D, Li Z H. Driving force of the morphological change of the urban lake ecosystem: a case study of Wuhan, 1990-2013. Ecological Modelling, 2015, 318: 204-209.
[5] Wasige J E, Groen T A, Smaling E, Jetten V. Monitoring basin-scale land cover changes in Kagera Basin of Lake Victoria using ancillary data and remote sensing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2013, 21: 32-42.
[6] 肖思思, 吴春笃, 储金宇. 1980—2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(23): 1-11.
[7] 刘涛, 揣小明, 陈小锋, 杨柳燕, 席北斗, 许其功. 江苏省西部湖泊水环境演变过程与成因分析. 环境科学研究, 2011, 24(9): 995-1002.
[8] 秦伯强, 张运林, 高光, 朱广伟, 龚志军, 董百丽. 湖泊生态恢复的关键因子分析. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(7): 918-924.
[9] 徐伟平, 康文星, 何介南. 洞庭湖区生态系统服务功能价值分析. 草业学报, 2016, 25(1): 217-229.
[10] 王凤珍, 周志翔, 郑忠明. 城郊过渡带湖泊湿地生态服务功能价值评估——以武汉市严东湖为例. 生态学报, 2011, 31(7): 1946-1954.
[11] 廖静秋, 曹晓峰, 汪杰, 黄艺. 基于化学与生物复合指标的流域水生态系统健康评价——以滇池为例. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(7): 1845-1852.
[12] 徐菲, 赵彦伟, 杨志峰, 陈彬. 白洋淀生态系统健康评价. 生态学报, 2013, 33(21): 6904-6912.
[13] 张淑倩, 孔令阳, 邓绪伟, 汪正祥, 李海波, 李中强. 江汉湖群典型湖泊生态系统健康评价——以梁子湖、洪湖、长湖、斧头湖、武湖为例. 环境科学学报, 2017, 37(9): 3613-3620.
[14] 董云仙, 赵磊, 陈异晖, 余艳红, 赵润, 杨广萍. 云南九大高原湖泊的演变与生态安全调控. 生态经济, 2015, 31(1): 185-191.
[15] 金相灿, 王圣瑞, 席海燕. 湖泊生态安全及其评估方法框架. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(4): 357-362.
[16] Du N R, Ottens H, Sliuzas R. Spatial impact of urban expansion on surface water bodies—A case study of Wuhan, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2010, 94(3/4): 175-185.
[17] Wang X L, Ning L M, Yu J, Xiao R, Li T. Changes of urban wetland landscape pattern and impacts of urbanization on wetland in Wuhan City. Chinese Geographical Science, 2008, 18(1): 47-53.
[18] 李绥, 石铁矛, 付士磊, 周乐, 刘淼, 王炜. 南充城市扩展中的景观生态安全格局. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(3): 734-740.
[19] 陈星, 周成虎. 生态安全: 国内外研究综述. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(6): 8-20.
[20] 宋豫秦, 曹明兰. 基于RS和GIS的北京市景观生态安全评价. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(11): 2889-2895.
[21] 谢余初, 巩杰, 张玲玲. 基于PSR模型的白龙江流域景观生态安全时空变化. 地理科学, 2015, 35(6): 790-797.
[22] 张玉虎, 李义禄, 贾海峰. 永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(6): 1049-1057.
[23] 王涛, 张超, 于晓童, 曹小汪. 洱海流域土地利用变化及其对景观生态风险的影响. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(7): 2003-2009.
[24] 李秀珍, 布仁仓, 常禹, 胡远满, 问青春, 王绪高, 徐崇刚, 李月辉, 贺红仕. 景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应. 生态学报, 2004, 24(1): 123-134.
[25] 王娟, 崔保山, 姚华荣, 刘世梁. 纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域景观生态安全时空分异特征. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1681-1690.
[26] 张飞, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 曹鑫, 丁建丽, 张严俊, 姜红涛. 干旱区内陆艾比湖流域景观格局时空变化及生态安全评价. 水土保持通报, 2015, 35(1): 249-255.
[27] 王千, 金晓斌, 周寅康. 江苏沿海地区耕地景观生态安全格局变化与驱动机制. 生态学报, 2011, 31(20): 5903-5909.
[28] 武汉市统计局, 2008年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. (2014-05-21) [2017-11-07]. http://www.whtj.gov.cn/details. aspx?id=2174.
[29] 武汉市统计局, 2014年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. (2015-03-12) [2017-11-07]. http://www.whtj.gov.cn/details.aspx?id=2513.
[30] 黄浦江, 刘艳芳, 刘畅, 姜庆虎. 基于RS与GIS的武汉城市湖泊演化研究. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(9): 1588-1593.
[31] 湖北省统计局,2016年武汉市统计年鉴. (2017-04-17) [2017-11-07]. http://www.stats-hb.gov.cn/info/iList.jsp?cat_id=10436.
[2] 白军红, 欧阳华, 杨志锋, 崔保山, 崔丽娟, 王庆改. 湿地景观格局变化研究进展. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(4): 36-45.
[3] 尹辉, 杨波, 蒋忠诚, 曾发明, 彭鹏, 李景保. 近60年洞庭湖泊形态与水沙过程的互动响应. 地理研究, 2012, 31(3): 471-483.
[4] Chen K L, Wang X, Li D, Li Z H. Driving force of the morphological change of the urban lake ecosystem: a case study of Wuhan, 1990-2013. Ecological Modelling, 2015, 318: 204-209.
[5] Wasige J E, Groen T A, Smaling E, Jetten V. Monitoring basin-scale land cover changes in Kagera Basin of Lake Victoria using ancillary data and remote sensing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2013, 21: 32-42.
[6] 肖思思, 吴春笃, 储金宇. 1980—2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(23): 1-11.
[7] 刘涛, 揣小明, 陈小锋, 杨柳燕, 席北斗, 许其功. 江苏省西部湖泊水环境演变过程与成因分析. 环境科学研究, 2011, 24(9): 995-1002.
[8] 秦伯强, 张运林, 高光, 朱广伟, 龚志军, 董百丽. 湖泊生态恢复的关键因子分析. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(7): 918-924.
[9] 徐伟平, 康文星, 何介南. 洞庭湖区生态系统服务功能价值分析. 草业学报, 2016, 25(1): 217-229.
[10] 王凤珍, 周志翔, 郑忠明. 城郊过渡带湖泊湿地生态服务功能价值评估——以武汉市严东湖为例. 生态学报, 2011, 31(7): 1946-1954.
[11] 廖静秋, 曹晓峰, 汪杰, 黄艺. 基于化学与生物复合指标的流域水生态系统健康评价——以滇池为例. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(7): 1845-1852.
[12] 徐菲, 赵彦伟, 杨志峰, 陈彬. 白洋淀生态系统健康评价. 生态学报, 2013, 33(21): 6904-6912.
[13] 张淑倩, 孔令阳, 邓绪伟, 汪正祥, 李海波, 李中强. 江汉湖群典型湖泊生态系统健康评价——以梁子湖、洪湖、长湖、斧头湖、武湖为例. 环境科学学报, 2017, 37(9): 3613-3620.
[14] 董云仙, 赵磊, 陈异晖, 余艳红, 赵润, 杨广萍. 云南九大高原湖泊的演变与生态安全调控. 生态经济, 2015, 31(1): 185-191.
[15] 金相灿, 王圣瑞, 席海燕. 湖泊生态安全及其评估方法框架. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(4): 357-362.
[16] Du N R, Ottens H, Sliuzas R. Spatial impact of urban expansion on surface water bodies—A case study of Wuhan, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2010, 94(3/4): 175-185.
[17] Wang X L, Ning L M, Yu J, Xiao R, Li T. Changes of urban wetland landscape pattern and impacts of urbanization on wetland in Wuhan City. Chinese Geographical Science, 2008, 18(1): 47-53.
[18] 李绥, 石铁矛, 付士磊, 周乐, 刘淼, 王炜. 南充城市扩展中的景观生态安全格局. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(3): 734-740.
[19] 陈星, 周成虎. 生态安全: 国内外研究综述. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(6): 8-20.
[20] 宋豫秦, 曹明兰. 基于RS和GIS的北京市景观生态安全评价. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(11): 2889-2895.
[21] 谢余初, 巩杰, 张玲玲. 基于PSR模型的白龙江流域景观生态安全时空变化. 地理科学, 2015, 35(6): 790-797.
[22] 张玉虎, 李义禄, 贾海峰. 永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(6): 1049-1057.
[23] 王涛, 张超, 于晓童, 曹小汪. 洱海流域土地利用变化及其对景观生态风险的影响. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(7): 2003-2009.
[24] 李秀珍, 布仁仓, 常禹, 胡远满, 问青春, 王绪高, 徐崇刚, 李月辉, 贺红仕. 景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应. 生态学报, 2004, 24(1): 123-134.
[25] 王娟, 崔保山, 姚华荣, 刘世梁. 纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域景观生态安全时空分异特征. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1681-1690.
[26] 张飞, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 曹鑫, 丁建丽, 张严俊, 姜红涛. 干旱区内陆艾比湖流域景观格局时空变化及生态安全评价. 水土保持通报, 2015, 35(1): 249-255.
[27] 王千, 金晓斌, 周寅康. 江苏沿海地区耕地景观生态安全格局变化与驱动机制. 生态学报, 2011, 31(20): 5903-5909.
[28] 武汉市统计局, 2008年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. (2014-05-21) [2017-11-07]. http://www.whtj.gov.cn/details. aspx?id=2174.
[29] 武汉市统计局, 2014年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. (2015-03-12) [2017-11-07]. http://www.whtj.gov.cn/details.aspx?id=2513.
[30] 黄浦江, 刘艳芳, 刘畅, 姜庆虎. 基于RS与GIS的武汉城市湖泊演化研究. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(9): 1588-1593.
[31] 湖北省统计局,2016年武汉市统计年鉴. (2017-04-17) [2017-11-07]. http://www.stats-hb.gov.cn/info/iList.jsp?cat_id=10436.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |