基于最小累积阻力模型的内蒙古胜利煤田景观生态安全格局构建
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摘要
胜利煤田是我国重要煤炭基地,大规模的煤炭资源开发,导致当地生态环境严重退化。对2016年胜利煤田高分一号影像进行解译判读并划分景观类型的基础上,采用最小累积阻力模型对胜利煤田进行景观生态安全格局构建,包括生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点的识别。通过景观斑块质量评价进行源地识别,选取质量最高的斑块作为生态源地;基于景观自身因子和邻近景观干扰因子,构建了阻力面,利用最小累积阻力模型提取生态廊道;根据水文分析模型在最小累积耗费距离表面上提取最大累积阻力"山脊线",与生态廊道结合,得到生态节点。构建的胜利煤田景观生态安全格局包括10片生态源地、24条生态廊道和29个生态节点。建议对生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点加强生态保护和恢复,提高区域生态稳定性。
Shengli Coalfield is an important coal base in China. However,it had undergone serious degradation of the ecological environment in this region due to the large-scale exploitation of coal resources. The GF1 images in 2016 were manually interpreted to generate a landscape type map on the basis of the landscape classification in Shengli Coalfield. The landscape ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield was constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model,which including the identification of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes. Source identification was carried out by selecting the highest quality patches as ecological sources based on the evaluation of landscape quality. The resistance surface was generated with the landscape self-factors and adjacent landscape disturbance factors. The ecological corridors were extracted by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Ecological nodes were identified by combining the maximum cumulative resistance " ridge line",which was extracted on the minimum cumulative cost distance surface under hydrological analysis model,with ecological corridors. Landscape ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield is composed of 10 ecological sources,24 ecological corridors and 29 ecological nodes. Ecological protection and restoration of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes should be strengthened so as to improve regional ecological stability.
Shengli Coalfield is an important coal base in China. However,it had undergone serious degradation of the ecological environment in this region due to the large-scale exploitation of coal resources. The GF1 images in 2016 were manually interpreted to generate a landscape type map on the basis of the landscape classification in Shengli Coalfield. The landscape ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield was constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model,which including the identification of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes. Source identification was carried out by selecting the highest quality patches as ecological sources based on the evaluation of landscape quality. The resistance surface was generated with the landscape self-factors and adjacent landscape disturbance factors. The ecological corridors were extracted by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Ecological nodes were identified by combining the maximum cumulative resistance " ridge line",which was extracted on the minimum cumulative cost distance surface under hydrological analysis model,with ecological corridors. Landscape ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield is composed of 10 ecological sources,24 ecological corridors and 29 ecological nodes. Ecological protection and restoration of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes should be strengthened so as to improve regional ecological stability.
引文
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[17]曾黎,杨庆媛,杨人豪,等.三峡库区生态屏障区景观格局优化:以重庆市江津区为例[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1364-1373.[ZENG Li,YANG Qing-yuan,YANG Ren-hao,et al.Landscape Pattern Optimization for Ecological Barrier in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area:A Case Study in Jiangjin,Chongqing[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(5):1364-1373.]
[18]王让虎,李晓燕,张树文,等.东北农牧交错带景观生态安全格局构建及预警研究:以吉林省通榆县为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(2):111-115,36.[WANG Rang-hu,LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Shu-wen,et al.Research for Land Use Ecological Security Pattern and Early Warning in Farming-Pastoral Zone of Northeast China:A Case Study of Tongyu County in Jilin Province[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2014,30(2):111-115,36.]
[19]张继平,乔青,刘春兰,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的北京市生态用地规划研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):6313-6321.[ZHANG Ji-ping,QIAO Qing,LIU Chun-lan,et al.Ecological Land Use Planning for Beijing City Based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(19):6313-6321.]
[2]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.[YU Kong-jian.Landscape Ecological Security Patterns in Biological Conservation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(1):8-15.]
[3]QI H H,ALTINAKAR M S,VIEIRA D,et al.Application of Tabu Search Algorithm With a Coupled Ann AGNPS-CCHE1D Model to Optimize Agricultural Land Use[J].JAWAR Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2008,44(4):866-878.
[4]BETTINGER P,BOSTON K,KIM Y H,et al.Landscape-Level Optimization Using Tabu Search and Stand Density-Related Forest Management Prescriptions[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2007,176(2):1265-1282.
[5]冯淑华,沙润.古村落场理论及景观安全格局探讨[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(5):94-97.[FENG Shu-hua,SHA Run.On Ancient Village Scenery Field Theory and Scenery Safety Pattern[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2006,22(5):94-97.]
[6]潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):791-799.[PAN Jinghu,LIU Xiao.Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Landscape Security Pattern Optimization in Shule River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(3):791-799.]
[7]康萨如拉,牛建明,张庆,等.草原区矿产开发对景观格局和初级生产力的影响:以黑岱沟露天煤矿为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2855-2867.[KANG Sa-ru-la,NIU Jian-ming,ZHANG Qing,et al.Impacts of Mining on Landscape Pattern and Primary Productivity in the Grassland of Inner Mongolia:A Case Study of Heidaigou Open Pit Coal Mining[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(11):2855-2867.]
[8]KNAAPEN J P,SCHEFFER M,HARMS B.Estimating Habitat Isolation in Landscape Planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[9]李秀全.基于MCR与CA模型的城市扩张模拟对比分析:以武汉市为例[D].南昌:东华理工大学,2017.[LI Xiu-quan.Comparative Analysis of Urban Expansion Based on MCR Model and CA Model:A Case Study of Wuhan[D].Nanchang:East China U-niversity of Technology,2017.]
[10]毕晓丽,葛剑平.基于IGBP土地覆盖类型的中国陆地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].山地学报,2004,22(1):48-53.[BIXiao-li,GE Jian-ping.Evaluating Ecosystem Service Valuation in China Based on the IGBP Land Cover Datasets[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2004,22(1):48-53.]
[11]蒙吉军,王晓东,尤南山,等.黑河中游生态用地景观连接性动态变化及距离阈值[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1715-1726.[MENG Ji-jun,WANG Xiao-dong,YOU Nan-shan,et al.Dynamic Changes of Landscape Connectivity for Ecological Lands and Distance Thresholds in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River,Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(6):1715-1726.]
[12]马建军.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区露天煤矿生态修复及其生态效应研究:以黑岱沟露天煤矿为例[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.[MA Jian-jun.Study on Ecological Rehabilitation of Opencast Coal Mine and It's Ecological Effects in the Hilly Gully Area of the Loess Plateau:Taking Hei-Dai-Gou Opencast Coal Mine as an Example[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2007.]
[13]赵欣.黑岱沟露天煤矿生态修复后的景观生态格局变化研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2013.[ZHAO Xin.Landscape Ecological Pattern Change Research of Hei-Dai-Gou Opencast Coal Mine After Ecological Restoration[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia U-niversity:2013.]
[14]蒙吉军,王雅,王晓东,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的贵阳市景观生态安全格局构建[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(7):1052-1061.[MENG Ji-jun,WANG Ya,WANG Xiao-dong,et al.Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in Guiyang Based on MCR Model[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(7):1052-1061.]
[15]栗丹.陕北露天煤矿声环境影响预测与分析:以陕北四门沟露天煤矿为例[J].能源环境保护,2015,29(2):5-7.[LI Dan.Estimation and Analysis of the Sound Environment of Opencast Colliery at Northern Shaanxi:Based on the Example of Simengou Opencast Mine Coal[J].Energy Environment Protection,2015,29(2):5-7.]
[16]严军,项竹君,凌静.石臼湖马鞍山环湖片区景观生态规划研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(9):1375-1383.[YANJun,XIANG Zhu-jun,LING Jing.Research on the Landscape EcoPlanning of the Area Surrounding Shijiu Lake,Maanshan[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(9):1375-1383.]
[17]曾黎,杨庆媛,杨人豪,等.三峡库区生态屏障区景观格局优化:以重庆市江津区为例[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1364-1373.[ZENG Li,YANG Qing-yuan,YANG Ren-hao,et al.Landscape Pattern Optimization for Ecological Barrier in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area:A Case Study in Jiangjin,Chongqing[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(5):1364-1373.]
[18]王让虎,李晓燕,张树文,等.东北农牧交错带景观生态安全格局构建及预警研究:以吉林省通榆县为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(2):111-115,36.[WANG Rang-hu,LI Xiao-yan,ZHANG Shu-wen,et al.Research for Land Use Ecological Security Pattern and Early Warning in Farming-Pastoral Zone of Northeast China:A Case Study of Tongyu County in Jilin Province[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2014,30(2):111-115,36.]
[19]张继平,乔青,刘春兰,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的北京市生态用地规划研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):6313-6321.[ZHANG Ji-ping,QIAO Qing,LIU Chun-lan,et al.Ecological Land Use Planning for Beijing City Based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(19):6313-6321.]
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