闽南沿海景观生态安全网络空间重构策略——以厦门市集美区为例
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摘要
景观生态安全网络研究是"五位一体"布局中生态文明建设的重要依据。文章选取厦门市集美区作为闽南沿海典型案例区,运用位序—规模法和自然断点法,筛选并划分生态源地等级体系;借助构建的生态阻力测度模型,运用ArcGIS空间探查和距离测度模块,剖析景观生态安全格局,提出景观生态安全网络空间重构策略。结果表明,研究区生态源地呈随机分布,具有较好的生态安全基础,揭示出NW-SE为主控方向的生态源地空间格局,生态廊道的生成显示陆域生态格局与水域生态格局关联度亟待加强;景观生态安全网络空间分布不均衡,中心城区高强度开发制约形成网络状的城市生态空间体系,南北、水陆生态系统联系阻断风险较高。研究区景观生态安全网络空间重构策略:优化提升生态源地质量,加强关键生态战略节点建设,通过规划水陆、陆域、水域三种类型13处生态廊道,构建景观生态安全网络骨架,以期形成人与自然和谐共生的山水城市生态安全格局。
The research of landscape ecological security network is a significant basis for ecological civilization construction in the layout of"five-in-one approach"(involving promoting economy, politics, culture, society and ecology). This article selects Jimei District of Xiamen as the typical case area, uses the rank-size rule and the natural breaks(Jenks), and reasonably selects and divides the level of eco-sources. With the help of the ecological resistance measurement model and the spatial exploration and distance measurement module of ArcGIS, this article analyzes the landscape ecological security pattern and proposes the spatial restructuring countermeasures of landscape ecological security network. The results show that eco-sources in the study area are randomly distributed with a good foundation of ecological security, which also reveals eco-sources pattern regarding NW-SE as the main controlling direction. In addition, the generation of ecological corridor indicated that the relationship between terrestrial ecological pattern and water ecological pattern should be strengthened. The spatial distribution of landscape ecological security network is not balanced, and the high-intensity development of central urban area restricts the formation of network-like urbanecological space system, and the risk of interconnection between the northern and southern aquatic and land ecosystems is higher. The spatial restructuring countermeasures of landscape ecological security network in study area as follows:optimizing and improving the quality of the ecological source, strengthening the construction of key ecological strategic nodes, constructing the skeleton of landscape ecological security network by planning 13 ecological corridors of land and water, land, water area, in order to form a ecological security pattern with city landscape and harmonious coexistence between human and nature.
The research of landscape ecological security network is a significant basis for ecological civilization construction in the layout of"five-in-one approach"(involving promoting economy, politics, culture, society and ecology). This article selects Jimei District of Xiamen as the typical case area, uses the rank-size rule and the natural breaks(Jenks), and reasonably selects and divides the level of eco-sources. With the help of the ecological resistance measurement model and the spatial exploration and distance measurement module of ArcGIS, this article analyzes the landscape ecological security pattern and proposes the spatial restructuring countermeasures of landscape ecological security network. The results show that eco-sources in the study area are randomly distributed with a good foundation of ecological security, which also reveals eco-sources pattern regarding NW-SE as the main controlling direction. In addition, the generation of ecological corridor indicated that the relationship between terrestrial ecological pattern and water ecological pattern should be strengthened. The spatial distribution of landscape ecological security network is not balanced, and the high-intensity development of central urban area restricts the formation of network-like urbanecological space system, and the risk of interconnection between the northern and southern aquatic and land ecosystems is higher. The spatial restructuring countermeasures of landscape ecological security network in study area as follows:optimizing and improving the quality of the ecological source, strengthening the construction of key ecological strategic nodes, constructing the skeleton of landscape ecological security network by planning 13 ecological corridors of land and water, land, water area, in order to form a ecological security pattern with city landscape and harmonious coexistence between human and nature.
引文
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[19]孙贤斌,刘红玉.基于生态功能评价的湿地景观格局优化及其效应——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1 157-1 166.
[20]杨天荣,匡天慧,刘卫东.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.
[21]陈玲玲,曹杨,易琳,等.城市旅游地景观格局演变与优化研究——以南京市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(7):1 024-1 033.
[22]程迎轩,王红梅,刘光盛,等.基于最小累计阻力模型的生态用地空间布局优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):248-257.
[23]王钊,杨山,王玉娟,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的城市空间扩展冷热点格局分析——以苏锡常地区为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(3):57-64.
[24]潘竟虎,杨旺明,刘莹.兰州市景观生态功能评价和格局优化[J].西北师范大学学报,2011,47(5):96-103.
[25]赵志威,王冬艳,李红,等.基于城镇扩展适宜性的城镇建设用地保障研究——以长春市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(7):175-184.
[26]唐丽,罗亦殷,罗改改,等.基于粒度反推法和MCR模型的海南省东方市景观格局优化[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3 393-3 403.
[27] O'Neill R V,Hunsaker C T,et al. Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale[J]. Landscape Ecology,1996,11(3):169-180.
[28]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1 444-1 449.
[29]梁发超,刘诗苑,刘黎明.基于“居住场势”理论的乡村聚落景观空间重构——以厦门市灌口镇为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(3):193-200.
[30]张建国,庞赞.城市河流旅游开发适宜性评价模型构建及实证分析[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):209-215.
[31]喻红,曾辉,江子瀛.快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):64-69.
[32]梁发超,刘诗苑,刘黎明.基于用地竞争力的闽南地区乡村景观功能冲突的识别[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):260-267.
[33]李潇然,李阳兵,王永艳,等.三峡库区县域景观生态安全格局识别与功能分区——以奉节县为例[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1 959-1 967.
[34]潘艺.海岛城市化时空格局演变及其陆岛联动的响应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[35] Costanza R,D’arge R,Groot R D,et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[36]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[37]程琳,李锋,邓华锋.中国超大城市土地利用状况及其生态系统服务动态演变[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6 194-6 203.
[38] Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B. Estimating habit at isolation in landscape[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23:1-6.
[39]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999.19(1):8-15.
[40]陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):471-484.
[41]乔琨,朱文泉,胡德勇,等.北京市不同功能区不透水地表时空变化差异[J].地理学报,2017,72(11):2 018-2 031.
[42]朱慧,周根贵.国际陆港物流企业空间格局演化及其影响因素——以义乌市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):98-105.
[2]欧定华,夏建国.基于粒子群算法的大城市近郊区景观格局优化研究——以成都市龙泉驿区为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):553-572.
[3]马克明,傅伯杰,黎晓亚,等.区域生态安全格局:概念与理论基础[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):761-768.
[4] Gao Q Z,Kang M Y,Xu H M,et al. Optimization of land use structure and spatial pattern for the semi-arid loess hilly-gully region in China[J]. Catena,2010,81(3):196-202.
[5] Sadeghi S H R,Jalili K h,Nikkami D. Land use optimization in watershed scale[J]. Land Use Policy,2009,26(2):186-193.
[6]陈影,哈凯,贺文龙,等.冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究——以河北省怀来县为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(4):556-569.
[7]蒙吉军,王晓东,周联.干旱区景观格局综合优化:黑河中游案例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(3):451-461.
[8]刘杰,叶晶.基于GIS的滇池流域景观格局优化[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(5):801-808.
[9]王永艳.三峡库区腹地景观格局优化的典型案例研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2014.
[10]岳德鹏,于强,张启斌,等.区域生态安全格局优化进展[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):1-10.
[11]何丹,周璟,高伟,等.基于CA-Markov模型的滇池流域土地利用变化动态模拟研究[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(6):1 095-1 105.
[12]郭小燕,刘学录,王联国.基于混合蛙跳算法的土地利用格局优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):281-288.
[13]孙英彪,哈凯,门明新. CACE模型及其在生态安全格局优化中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):269-277.
[14]胡学丽,徐凌,张树深.基于CA-Markov模型和多目标优化的大连市土地利用格局[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1 652-1 660.
[15]朱磊,刘雅轩.基于GIS和元胞自动机的玛纳斯河流域典型绿洲景观格局优化[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(5):946-954.
[16]熊繁,邵景安.不同土地利用情境下农村景观生态格局优化[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(2):11-21.
[17]曾黎,杨庆媛,杨人豪.三峡库区生态屏障区景观格局优化——以重庆市江津区为例[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1 364-1 373.
[18]潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):791-799.
[19]孙贤斌,刘红玉.基于生态功能评价的湿地景观格局优化及其效应——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1 157-1 166.
[20]杨天荣,匡天慧,刘卫东.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.
[21]陈玲玲,曹杨,易琳,等.城市旅游地景观格局演变与优化研究——以南京市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(7):1 024-1 033.
[22]程迎轩,王红梅,刘光盛,等.基于最小累计阻力模型的生态用地空间布局优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):248-257.
[23]王钊,杨山,王玉娟,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的城市空间扩展冷热点格局分析——以苏锡常地区为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(3):57-64.
[24]潘竟虎,杨旺明,刘莹.兰州市景观生态功能评价和格局优化[J].西北师范大学学报,2011,47(5):96-103.
[25]赵志威,王冬艳,李红,等.基于城镇扩展适宜性的城镇建设用地保障研究——以长春市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(7):175-184.
[26]唐丽,罗亦殷,罗改改,等.基于粒度反推法和MCR模型的海南省东方市景观格局优化[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3 393-3 403.
[27] O'Neill R V,Hunsaker C T,et al. Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale[J]. Landscape Ecology,1996,11(3):169-180.
[28]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1 444-1 449.
[29]梁发超,刘诗苑,刘黎明.基于“居住场势”理论的乡村聚落景观空间重构——以厦门市灌口镇为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(3):193-200.
[30]张建国,庞赞.城市河流旅游开发适宜性评价模型构建及实证分析[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):209-215.
[31]喻红,曾辉,江子瀛.快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):64-69.
[32]梁发超,刘诗苑,刘黎明.基于用地竞争力的闽南地区乡村景观功能冲突的识别[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):260-267.
[33]李潇然,李阳兵,王永艳,等.三峡库区县域景观生态安全格局识别与功能分区——以奉节县为例[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1 959-1 967.
[34]潘艺.海岛城市化时空格局演变及其陆岛联动的响应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[35] Costanza R,D’arge R,Groot R D,et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[36]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[37]程琳,李锋,邓华锋.中国超大城市土地利用状况及其生态系统服务动态演变[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6 194-6 203.
[38] Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B. Estimating habit at isolation in landscape[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23:1-6.
[39]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999.19(1):8-15.
[40]陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):471-484.
[41]乔琨,朱文泉,胡德勇,等.北京市不同功能区不透水地表时空变化差异[J].地理学报,2017,72(11):2 018-2 031.
[42]朱慧,周根贵.国际陆港物流企业空间格局演化及其影响因素——以义乌市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):98-105.
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