区域城市化程度与大气污染的相关性研究——以河南省为例
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摘要
为探究区域城市化程度对大气污染物质量浓度的影响,以河南省18个城市为研究对象,收集2016年1—12月的PM_(2. 5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2,CO,O_3等数据,结合《河南省统计年鉴(2017)》,从人口规模、经济发展、城镇建设等方面出发,选取人均生产总值、综合能源消耗量、城镇化率、建成区面积、第三产业比例等8项城市化指标与大气污染指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)河南省各城市PM_(2. 5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度与城市化程度有显著的正相关性,在城市化进程中,控制污染源排放,提高能源利用效率有利于降低PM_(2. 5),PM_(10)的质量浓度;(2)河南省各城市经济发展水平和第三产业比例对SO_2污染影响较大,能源消耗量对NO_2污染影响较大,O_3污染程度受城市经济发展水平、建成区面积、能源消耗量、机动车使用量等影响较大。
In order to explore the impact of regional urbanization on atmospheric pollutant concentration,eight urbanization indicators such as per capita GDP,comprehensive energy consumption,urbanization rate,built-up area,and proportion of the tertiary industry were selected for correlation analysis with atmospheric pollution indicators in terms of population size,economic development,and urban construction. It took 18 cities in Henan Province as the research objects,and collected these cities' data on PM_(2. 5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2,CO,and O_3 from January to December in 2016,also consulted the Statistical Yearbook of Henan Province( 2017). The results showed that:( 1) There was a significant positive correlation between PM_(2. 5) and PM_(10) concentration and the level of urbanization in 18 cities of Henan Province. In the process of urbanization,it would help reduce the PM_(2. 5) and PM_(10) concentration by controlling the emission of pollution sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use.( 2) SO_2 pollution was great affected by the level of cities' economic development and proportion of the tertiary industry. Energy consumption had a great influence on NO2 pollution. The pollution level of O_3 might be affected by the level of urban economic development,built-up area,energy consumption and the use of motor vehicles.
In order to explore the impact of regional urbanization on atmospheric pollutant concentration,eight urbanization indicators such as per capita GDP,comprehensive energy consumption,urbanization rate,built-up area,and proportion of the tertiary industry were selected for correlation analysis with atmospheric pollution indicators in terms of population size,economic development,and urban construction. It took 18 cities in Henan Province as the research objects,and collected these cities' data on PM_(2. 5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2,CO,and O_3 from January to December in 2016,also consulted the Statistical Yearbook of Henan Province( 2017). The results showed that:( 1) There was a significant positive correlation between PM_(2. 5) and PM_(10) concentration and the level of urbanization in 18 cities of Henan Province. In the process of urbanization,it would help reduce the PM_(2. 5) and PM_(10) concentration by controlling the emission of pollution sources and increasing the efficiency of energy use.( 2) SO_2 pollution was great affected by the level of cities' economic development and proportion of the tertiary industry. Energy consumption had a great influence on NO2 pollution. The pollution level of O_3 might be affected by the level of urban economic development,built-up area,energy consumption and the use of motor vehicles.
引文
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[18]杨磊,魏冉,沈恒根,等.我国能源消耗对人群PM2. 5暴露水平的随机影响效应分析[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(3):335-340.YANG L,WEI R,SHEN H G,et al. Analysis of the random effects of China's energy consumption on the exposure level of PM2. 5[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(3):335-340.
[19]臧星华,鲁垠涛,姚宏,等.中国主要大气污染物的时空分布特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1322-1329.ZANG X H,LU Y T,YAO H,et al. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main air pollutants in China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(8):1322-1329.
[2]莫莉,余新晓,赵阳,等.北京市区域城市化程度与颗粒物污染的相关性分析[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):806-811.MO L,YU X X,ZHAO Y,et al. Correlation analysis between urbanization and particle pollution in Beijing[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(5):806-811.
[3]王盈晓,刘目兴,张永利,等.武汉市城市化进程与大气污染关系探究[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(1):77-82.WANG Y X,LIU M X,ZHANG Y L,et al. Study of the relationship between urbanization process and air pollution in Wuhan city[J]. Environmental Protection Science,2016,42(1):77-82.
[4]高明,郭施宏,夏玲玲.福州市城市化进程与大气污染关系研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(5):44-49.GAO M,GUO S H,XIA L L. Relationship between urbanization and air pollution in Fuzhou city[J]. Environmental Pollution and Prevention,2015,37(5):44-49.
[5]彭翀,王静.河南省经济空间带动性发展格局及其城镇化空间策略研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(9):68-73.PENG C,WANG J. Economy spatial pattern of driving development and urbanization spatial strategy research in Henan province[J]. Economic Geography,2014,34(9):68-73.
[6]河南省统计局.河南统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.HENAN PROVINCIAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS.Henan statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[7]戴为民.国内外城市化问题研究综述[J].特区经济. 2007(5):266-268.DAI W M. A summary of the research on urbanization at home and abroad[J]. Special Zone Economy. 2007(5):266-268.
[8]李茜,宋金平,张建辉,等.中国城市化对环境空气质量影响的演化规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2402-2411.LI Q,SONG J P,ZHANG J H,et al. Dynamics in the effect of China's urbanization on air quality[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiate,2013,33(9):2402-2411.
[9]许冬兰,李琰.能源约束对经济增长和城市化影响的实证研究——以山东省为例[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版). 2012,14(4):74-79.XU D L,LI Y. An empirical study of the impact of energy constraints on economic growth and urbanization:Taking Shandong as an example[J]. Journal of Beijing institute of technology(Social Sciences),2012,14(4):74-79.
[10]张军涛,周琳.城市化水平、建成区面积与人均用地面积[J].中国经贸导刊,2012(26):84-86.ZHANG J T,ZHOU L. Urbanization level,built-up area and per capita land use area[J]. China's Economic and Trade,2012(26):84-86.
[11]刘新.南京城市化进程及其对温湿环境的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013:1-45.LIU X. Urbanization effect on surface warming in Nanjing[D]. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2013:1-45.
[12]曹景丽,王明仕,韩文生,等.河南省PM2. 5时空分布特征研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2018,13(1):42-51.CAO J L,WANG M S,HAN W S,et al. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM2. 5in Henan province[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2018,13(1):42-51.
[13]龙连芳,王新明,冯宝志,等.广州市区公交车站PM2. 5与CO暴露水平研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(9):140-145.LONG L F,WANG X M,FENG B Z,et al. Exposure levels of PM2. 5and CO at bus stations in urban Guangzhou[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(9):140-145.
[14]戴永立,陶俊,林泽健,等. 2006—2009年我国超大城市霾天气特征及影响因子分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):2925-2932.DAI Y L,TAO J,LIN Z J,et al. Characteristics of haze and its impact factors in four megacities in China during 2006—2009[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(8):2925-2932.
[15]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB3095—2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT,GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF QUALITY SUPERVISION,INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. GB 3095—2012 Ambient air quality standard[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012.
[16]刘剑飞,邓寅生.平顶山市大气污染特征分析及防治[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,26(5):597-600.LIU J F,DENG Y S. Study on air pollution feature and count measures of Pingdingshan city[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2007,26(5):597-600.
[17]李浩,李莉,黄成,等. 2013年夏季典型光化学污染过程中长三角典型城市O3来源识别[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):1-10.LI H,LI L,HUANG C,et al. Ozone source apportionment at urban area during a typical photochemical pollution episode in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(1):1-10.
[18]杨磊,魏冉,沈恒根,等.我国能源消耗对人群PM2. 5暴露水平的随机影响效应分析[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(3):335-340.YANG L,WEI R,SHEN H G,et al. Analysis of the random effects of China's energy consumption on the exposure level of PM2. 5[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(3):335-340.
[19]臧星华,鲁垠涛,姚宏,等.中国主要大气污染物的时空分布特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1322-1329.ZANG X H,LU Y T,YAO H,et al. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of main air pollutants in China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(8):1322-1329.