论全球气候治理的共同治理转向
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摘要
2018年12月,《联合国气候变化框架公约》第24次缔约方年会在波兰卡托维兹举行,达成了一揽子协议,为全球气候谈判的推进提供了新的契机,同时也为全球气候治理转型注入了新动能。卡托维茨会议继承了先前历次大会的谈判惯性,着力推进各行为体的政策协同,力求转变博弈的类型。促成卡托维茨会议形成共同治理局面的原因主要是大国协调推进气候治理以及其他行为体的积极推动等因素。然而,全球气候的改善不可能一蹴而就,当前的全球气候治理仍面临发达国家与发展中国家分歧众多、标准不一、穷国边缘化、公平性不足等困境,有待于后续气候变化大会逐一解决。
In December of 2018, the 24 th COP(Conferences of the Parties) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in Katowice, Poland, reaching a package of agreements. It provided a new opportunity for the promotion of global climate negotiations and new forces for the transformation of global climate governance as well. The Katowice Conference continued to carry out the agenda of the previous conferences, so as to promote the policy coordination of various actors, highlight their contributions, and change the type of game. The success of the Katowice Conference was due to the coordinated efforts by major countries to support climate governance, and the positive contributions of other actors. However, the global climate governance process is not a one-step process. It still faces many difficulties such as differences between developed and developing countries, multiple standards, marginalization of poor countries, and lack of fairness. They need to be resolved step by step in the follow-up climate change conferences.
In December of 2018, the 24 th COP(Conferences of the Parties) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in Katowice, Poland, reaching a package of agreements. It provided a new opportunity for the promotion of global climate negotiations and new forces for the transformation of global climate governance as well. The Katowice Conference continued to carry out the agenda of the previous conferences, so as to promote the policy coordination of various actors, highlight their contributions, and change the type of game. The success of the Katowice Conference was due to the coordinated efforts by major countries to support climate governance, and the positive contributions of other actors. However, the global climate governance process is not a one-step process. It still faces many difficulties such as differences between developed and developing countries, multiple standards, marginalization of poor countries, and lack of fairness. They need to be resolved step by step in the follow-up climate change conferences.
引文
(1)苏向荣:《风险、信任与民主:全球气候治理的内在逻辑》,载《江海学刊》,2016年第6期,第128-133页。
(1)梁晓菲:《气候变化<巴黎议定>结果作为“协定”而非“议定书”的国际法意义》,载《重庆理工大学学报》,2017年第1期,第28-36页。
(2)David Waskow,Yamide Dagnet,Eliza Northrop and Joe Thwaites,"COP24 Climate Change Package Brings Paris Agreement to Life,"World Resources Institute,December 21,2018,https://www.wri.org/blog/20 18/1 2/cop24-climate-change-package-brings-paris-agreement-life,登录时间:2019年2月3日。
(1)"2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,IPCC TFI Side Event,"Dec 7,2018,https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/presentation/1812_2_2019Refinement.pdf,登录时间:2019年2月3日。
(2)《全球能源互联网促进<巴黎协定>实施行动计划公布》,新华社,2018年12月11日。
(1)《<体育促进气候行动框架>出台》,载《科技日报》,2018年12月13日。
(2)"Climate CEOs Managing$1.5 trillion Call for Action,UNFCCC,"November 29,2018,https://unfccc.int/news/c limate-ceos-managing-15-trillion-call-for-action,登录时间:2019年2月5日。
(3)《联合国气候变化大会:全球时尚界发布<时尚业气候行动宪章>》,2018年12月10日,https://news.un.org/z h/story/2018/12/1 024531,登录时间:2019年2月5日。
(4)Kenneth N.Waltz,Theory of International Politics,New York:Random House,1979,p.210.
(1)它包括道德、满足感、心理、社会激励、声望、尊重等。
(2)Russell Hardin,Collective Action,Routledge,1982,pp. 10-41.
(1)"UN Environment Adaptation Gap Report,United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP),"December 201 8,https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11 822/27114/AGR_201 8.pdf?sequence=3,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(2)"Summary for Policymakers of IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5。C Approved by Governments,"IPCC,October 8,201 8,https://www.ipcc.ch/201 8/1 0/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipccspecial-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(1)"COP24—Adressing the Paris Agreement&EU's Pledge for Climate Neutrality,European Union External Action,"December 4th,201 8,https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/54779/cop24-adressing-paris-agreement-eus-pledge-climate-neutrality_bs,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(2)Chloe Farand:"UN Climate Change Summit—India Actively Participates,"TIOL News Service,2018.12.17.
(1)"At COP24 Climate Talks in Katowice,300+Elected Officials from 40 States Call for Phasing Out Fossil Fuels,Green New Deal Approach,"EOPA,December 14,https://uselectedofficials.org/press-release-2/,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(2)苏郁淳、林孝哲:《试论美国退出<巴黎协定>所衍生之碳市场连结问题》,载《经贸法讯》,第226期,2018年1月25日,第18-23页。
(1)梁晓菲:《气候变化<巴黎议定>结果作为“协定”而非“议定书”的国际法意义》,载《重庆理工大学学报》,2017年第1期,第28-36页。
(2)David Waskow,Yamide Dagnet,Eliza Northrop and Joe Thwaites,"COP24 Climate Change Package Brings Paris Agreement to Life,"World Resources Institute,December 21,2018,https://www.wri.org/blog/20 18/1 2/cop24-climate-change-package-brings-paris-agreement-life,登录时间:2019年2月3日。
(1)"2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,IPCC TFI Side Event,"Dec 7,2018,https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/presentation/1812_2_2019Refinement.pdf,登录时间:2019年2月3日。
(2)《全球能源互联网促进<巴黎协定>实施行动计划公布》,新华社,2018年12月11日。
(1)《<体育促进气候行动框架>出台》,载《科技日报》,2018年12月13日。
(2)"Climate CEOs Managing$1.5 trillion Call for Action,UNFCCC,"November 29,2018,https://unfccc.int/news/c limate-ceos-managing-15-trillion-call-for-action,登录时间:2019年2月5日。
(3)《联合国气候变化大会:全球时尚界发布<时尚业气候行动宪章>》,2018年12月10日,https://news.un.org/z h/story/2018/12/1 024531,登录时间:2019年2月5日。
(4)Kenneth N.Waltz,Theory of International Politics,New York:Random House,1979,p.210.
(1)它包括道德、满足感、心理、社会激励、声望、尊重等。
(2)Russell Hardin,Collective Action,Routledge,1982,pp. 10-41.
(1)"UN Environment Adaptation Gap Report,United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP),"December 201 8,https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11 822/27114/AGR_201 8.pdf?sequence=3,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(2)"Summary for Policymakers of IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5。C Approved by Governments,"IPCC,October 8,201 8,https://www.ipcc.ch/201 8/1 0/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipccspecial-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(1)"COP24—Adressing the Paris Agreement&EU's Pledge for Climate Neutrality,European Union External Action,"December 4th,201 8,https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/54779/cop24-adressing-paris-agreement-eus-pledge-climate-neutrality_bs,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(2)Chloe Farand:"UN Climate Change Summit—India Actively Participates,"TIOL News Service,2018.12.17.
(1)"At COP24 Climate Talks in Katowice,300+Elected Officials from 40 States Call for Phasing Out Fossil Fuels,Green New Deal Approach,"EOPA,December 14,https://uselectedofficials.org/press-release-2/,登录时间:2019年2月8日。
(2)苏郁淳、林孝哲:《试论美国退出<巴黎协定>所衍生之碳市场连结问题》,载《经贸法讯》,第226期,2018年1月25日,第18-23页。