南苏丹Melut盆地Palogue油田古近系Yabus组河型演化规律及主控因素分析
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摘要
针对南苏丹Melut盆地Palogue油田Yabus组独特的辫状河—曲流河沉积体系,利用定量统计和成因动态分析方法,通过引入"微相砂体密度"变量,深入总结了辫状河和曲流河不同的垂向岩相序列,从空间演化角度详细阐述了辫状河和曲流河的差异沉积过程及其河型转化规律,建立了同一物源体系下不同阶段河型转化的沉积模式,并明确了河型转化的主控因素。研究表明:Yabus组河流沉积体系先后经历了3个演化阶段。早期辫状河形成阶段,沉积物顺流加积形成垂向沙坝;中期辫—曲交汇沉积阶段,河流下切作用明显减弱,河流沉积作用转变为侧向加积,在辫状河道中形成斜列砂坝,且辫流坝开始向河道边部迁移形成曲流河点坝;晚期曲流河发育阶段,河道弯度大且砂体沉积规模小。
Unique braided-meandering depositional systems were developed in the Yabus Formation of Palogue Oilfield. The vertical lithofacies sequences of braided and meandering rivers were thoroughly summarized by quantitative statistics and dynamic cause analysis method with introducing the variable index of microfacies sandbody. The differentiated depositional processes and fluvial pattern transformation between the braided and meandering rivers were elaborated from the perspective of spatial evolution. Subsequently,depositional models of the fluvial pattern transformation in different stages under the individual provenance system were established and the dominated factors were further clarified. The study indicates that evolution of the fluvial depositional system in the Yabus Formation experienced three stages. During the early stage,the braided river deposition were dereloped and the downstream accreting longitudinal bars were formed. In the middle stage,there was combined deposition between braided and meandering rivers with significant decrease of fluvial incision. Because of the lateral accretion,the diagonal bars were generated and the braided channel bars migrated to river bank to which transformed into meandering point bars.Eventually,it completely became meandering river with high sinuosity and small-scale depositional sandbody.
Unique braided-meandering depositional systems were developed in the Yabus Formation of Palogue Oilfield. The vertical lithofacies sequences of braided and meandering rivers were thoroughly summarized by quantitative statistics and dynamic cause analysis method with introducing the variable index of microfacies sandbody. The differentiated depositional processes and fluvial pattern transformation between the braided and meandering rivers were elaborated from the perspective of spatial evolution. Subsequently,depositional models of the fluvial pattern transformation in different stages under the individual provenance system were established and the dominated factors were further clarified. The study indicates that evolution of the fluvial depositional system in the Yabus Formation experienced three stages. During the early stage,the braided river deposition were dereloped and the downstream accreting longitudinal bars were formed. In the middle stage,there was combined deposition between braided and meandering rivers with significant decrease of fluvial incision. Because of the lateral accretion,the diagonal bars were generated and the braided channel bars migrated to river bank to which transformed into meandering point bars.Eventually,it completely became meandering river with high sinuosity and small-scale depositional sandbody.
引文
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童晓光,徐志强,史卜庆,窦立荣,肖坤叶.2006.苏丹迈卢特盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式.石油学报,27(2):1-6.[Tong X G,Xu Z Q,Shi B Q,Dou L R,Xiao K Y.2006.Petroleum geologic property and reservoir-forming pattern of Melut basin in Sudan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,27(2):1-6]
王随继,倪晋仁,王光谦.2000.河型的时空演变模式及其间关系.清华大学学报(自然科学版),40(S1):96-100.[Wang S J,Ni JR,Wang G Q.2000.Spatial variations of channel patterns.Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),40(S1):96-100]
叶先灯.2006.苏丹Melut盆地构造、沉积和油气成藏研究.中国科学院研究生院博士论文:64-72.[Ye X D.2006.Study on Tectonics,Sedimentology and Reservoirs in Melut Basin,Sudan.Thesis for the Degree of Doctorate at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:64-72]
于兴河.2008.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社,260-295.[Yu X H.2008.Clastic Petroleum Reservoir Sedimentology(Second Edition).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,260-295]
于兴河,郑秀娟.2013.河流沉积.见:冯增昭.中国沉积学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社,652-705.[Yu X H,Zheng X J.2013.River(fluvial)Sediments.In:Feng Z Z.Sedimentology of China(Second Edition).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,652-705]
于兴河,王德发,郑浚茂.1992.华北地区二叠系岩相组合类型、剖面特点及沉积体系.沉积学报,10(1):27-35.[Yu X H,Wang DF,Zheng J M.1992.Lithofacies association types or sequences and depositional system of Permian sandstones in North China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,10(1):27-35]
于兴河,王香增,王念喜,单新,周进松,韩小琴,李亚龙,杜永慧,赵晨帆.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界层序地层格架及含气砂体沉积演化特征.古地理学报,19(6):935-954.[Yu X H,Wang X Z,Wang N X,Shan X,Zhou J S,Han X Q,Li Y L,Du YH,Zhao C F.2017.Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution characteristics of gas-bearing sandbody in the Upper Paleozoic in southeastern Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Editon),19(6):935-954]
Allen J R L.1964.Studies in fluviatile sedimentation:Six cyclothems from the lower old red sandstone,Anglo welsh Basin.Sedimentology,3:163-198.
Bridge J S.2003.Rivers and Floodplains.Oxford UK:Black well Publishing,491-492.
Bridge J S,Tye R S.2000.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvial channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logs and cores.AAPG Bulletin,84(8):1205-1228.
Friend P F,Sinha R.1993.Braiding and meandering parameters.In:Best J L,Bristow C S(eds).Braided Rivers.Geological Society Special Publication,75(1):105-111.
Miall A D.1985.Architectural element analysis:A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits.Earth Science Reviews,22(4):261-308.
Paul A C,Martin R D.1996.Advances in Fluvial Dynamics and Stratigraphy.Chichester UK:John Wiley and Sons,245-294.
Schumm S A.2005.River Variability and Complexity.Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press,210-220.
窦立荣.2005.苏丹迈努特盆地油气成藏机理和成藏模式.矿物岩石地球化学通报,24(1):50-57.[Dou L R.2005.Formation mechanism and model of oil and gas accumulations in the Melut basin,Sudan.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,24(1):50-57]
窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,肖坤叶,张志伟.2006.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布:兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析.石油勘探与开发,33(3):255-261.[Dou L R,Pan X H,Tian Z J,Xiao KY,Zhang Z W.2006.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(3):255-261]
李胜利,于兴河,姜涛,梁星如,苏东旭.2017.河流辫-曲转换特点与废弃河道模式.沉积学报,35(1):1-9.[Li S L,Yu X H,Jiang T,Liang X R,Su D X.2017.Meander-braided transition features and abandoned channel patterns in fluvial environment.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,35(1):1-9]
马明福,李薇,刘亚村.2005.苏丹Melut盆地北部油田储集层孔隙结构特征分析.石油勘探与开发,32(6):121-124.[Ma M F,Li W,Liu Y C.2005.Pore structure characteristics analysis of the oilfield in north Melut basin,Sudan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(6):121-124]
倪晋仁,王随继,王光谦.2000.现代冲积河流的河型空间转化模式探讨.沉积学报,18(1):1-6,35.[Ni J R,Wang S J,Wang G Q.2000.Spatial variations of channel patterns.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,18(1):1-6,35]
冉怀江,范乐元,胡圣利,孙传宗,戴婉薇,鲍闵慧子.2015.Melut盆地G-H地区古近系层序地层及沉积体系研究.断块油气田,22(4):464-468.[Ran H J,Fan L Y,Hu S L,Sun C Z,Dai WW,Bao M H Z.2015.Paleogene sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system in G-H Area,Melut Basin.Fault Block Oil&Gas Field,22(4):464-468]
史忠生,王天琦,方乐华,何巍巍,白洁,苏玉平,庞文珠.2015.苏丹Melut裂谷盆地扇体的发现及油气意义.天然气地球科学,26(1):81-89.[Shi Z S,Wang T Q,Fang L H,He W W,Bai J,Su Y P,Pang W Z.2015.Discovery of fans in Melut rift basin,South Sudan and its petroleum geological significance.Natural Gas Geoscience,26(1):81-89]
唐武,王英民,赵志刚,仲米虹,赵亚楠,田建华,邹梦君.2016.河型转化研究进展综述.地质论评,62(1):138-152.[Tang W,Wang Y M,Zhao Z G,Zhong M H,Zhao Y N,Tian J H,Zou M J.2016.A review of fluvial pattern transformation.Geological Review,62(1):138-152]
谭程鹏,于兴河,李胜利,李顺利,陈彬滔,单新,王志兴.2014.辫状河-曲流河转换模式探讨:以准噶尔盆地南缘头屯组露头为例.沉积学报,32(3):450-458.[Tan C P,Yu X H,Li S L,Li SL,Chen B T,Shan X,Wang Z X.2014.Discussion on the model of braided river transform to meandering river:As an example of Toutunhe Formation in Southern Junggar basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(3):450-458]
童晓光,徐志强,史卜庆,窦立荣,肖坤叶.2006.苏丹迈卢特盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式.石油学报,27(2):1-6.[Tong X G,Xu Z Q,Shi B Q,Dou L R,Xiao K Y.2006.Petroleum geologic property and reservoir-forming pattern of Melut basin in Sudan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,27(2):1-6]
王随继,倪晋仁,王光谦.2000.河型的时空演变模式及其间关系.清华大学学报(自然科学版),40(S1):96-100.[Wang S J,Ni JR,Wang G Q.2000.Spatial variations of channel patterns.Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology),40(S1):96-100]
叶先灯.2006.苏丹Melut盆地构造、沉积和油气成藏研究.中国科学院研究生院博士论文:64-72.[Ye X D.2006.Study on Tectonics,Sedimentology and Reservoirs in Melut Basin,Sudan.Thesis for the Degree of Doctorate at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:64-72]
于兴河.2008.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社,260-295.[Yu X H.2008.Clastic Petroleum Reservoir Sedimentology(Second Edition).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,260-295]
于兴河,郑秀娟.2013.河流沉积.见:冯增昭.中国沉积学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社,652-705.[Yu X H,Zheng X J.2013.River(fluvial)Sediments.In:Feng Z Z.Sedimentology of China(Second Edition).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,652-705]
于兴河,王德发,郑浚茂.1992.华北地区二叠系岩相组合类型、剖面特点及沉积体系.沉积学报,10(1):27-35.[Yu X H,Wang DF,Zheng J M.1992.Lithofacies association types or sequences and depositional system of Permian sandstones in North China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,10(1):27-35]
于兴河,王香增,王念喜,单新,周进松,韩小琴,李亚龙,杜永慧,赵晨帆.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界层序地层格架及含气砂体沉积演化特征.古地理学报,19(6):935-954.[Yu X H,Wang X Z,Wang N X,Shan X,Zhou J S,Han X Q,Li Y L,Du YH,Zhao C F.2017.Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution characteristics of gas-bearing sandbody in the Upper Paleozoic in southeastern Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Editon),19(6):935-954]
Allen J R L.1964.Studies in fluviatile sedimentation:Six cyclothems from the lower old red sandstone,Anglo welsh Basin.Sedimentology,3:163-198.
Bridge J S.2003.Rivers and Floodplains.Oxford UK:Black well Publishing,491-492.
Bridge J S,Tye R S.2000.Interpreting the dimensions of ancient fluvial channel bars,channels,and channel belts from wireline-logs and cores.AAPG Bulletin,84(8):1205-1228.
Friend P F,Sinha R.1993.Braiding and meandering parameters.In:Best J L,Bristow C S(eds).Braided Rivers.Geological Society Special Publication,75(1):105-111.
Miall A D.1985.Architectural element analysis:A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits.Earth Science Reviews,22(4):261-308.
Paul A C,Martin R D.1996.Advances in Fluvial Dynamics and Stratigraphy.Chichester UK:John Wiley and Sons,245-294.
Schumm S A.2005.River Variability and Complexity.Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press,210-220.