温度对大猿叶虫生活史特性的影响
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摘要
温度被认为是变温动物表型可塑性最重要的调节因子之一。为探明大猿叶虫生活史对温度变化的反应,在16,19,22,24,26,28℃的恒温,光周期L16:D8下,测量了卵孵化到化蛹和成虫的羽化时间,蛹和成虫的体质量。结果表明,幼虫和蛹的发育历期随饲养温度的升高显著缩短,生长速率与温度呈显著正相关。幼虫和蛹的发育历期在性别间没有显著差异。体质量和饲养温度的关系没有遵循温度-体积法则,雄虫和雌虫均在19℃下获得了最大体质量。然而,在19～28℃的温度范围体质量和饲养温度的关系遵循温度-体积法则。在所有的温度下,雌虫显著大于雄虫,显示了雌性偏向的性体型二型性(SSD)。体质量随温度升高趋于减轻,而SSD指数随温度的升高趋于增大,支持了Rensch法则。成虫的SSD指数高于蛹,原因是在羽化过程中雄虫比雌虫丢失了更大的质量。
Temperature is considered one of the most important mediators of phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms.This study aims to understand life-history responses of Colaphellus bowringi to temperature changes.In the present study,development time from hatching to pupation and adult eclosion,pupal and adult weight were examined at 16,19,22,24,26,28 ℃ under L16:D8.The results showed that larval and pupal times were significantly decreased with increasing rearing temperatures,and the growth rate was positively correlated with temperatures.There were no significant differences in larval and pupal developmental time between sexes.The relationship between body size and rearing temperatures did not follow the temperature-size rule? both males and females reached the highest body weight at 19 ℃.However,the relationship between body size and rearing temperatures followed the temperature-size rule between the 19 ℃ and 28 ℃.Females were significantly larger than males at all temperatures,showing a female biased sex size dimorphism(SSD).Body weight tended to decrease with increasing temperatures,whereas SSD tended to increase with increasing temperatures? thus,Rensch's rule was upheld.SSD was higher in adults than that in pupae,because males lost significantly more weight than females during eclosion.
Temperature is considered one of the most important mediators of phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms.This study aims to understand life-history responses of Colaphellus bowringi to temperature changes.In the present study,development time from hatching to pupation and adult eclosion,pupal and adult weight were examined at 16,19,22,24,26,28 ℃ under L16:D8.The results showed that larval and pupal times were significantly decreased with increasing rearing temperatures,and the growth rate was positively correlated with temperatures.There were no significant differences in larval and pupal developmental time between sexes.The relationship between body size and rearing temperatures did not follow the temperature-size rule? both males and females reached the highest body weight at 19 ℃.However,the relationship between body size and rearing temperatures followed the temperature-size rule between the 19 ℃ and 28 ℃.Females were significantly larger than males at all temperatures,showing a female biased sex size dimorphism(SSD).Body weight tended to decrease with increasing temperatures,whereas SSD tended to increase with increasing temperatures? thus,Rensch's rule was upheld.SSD was higher in adults than that in pupae,because males lost significantly more weight than females during eclosion.
引文
[1]Nylin S,Gotthard K.Plasticity in life-history traits[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1998,43:63-83.
[2]Sibly R M,Atkinson D.How rearing temperature affects optimal adult size in ectotherms[J].Functional Ecology,1994,8(4):486-493.
[3]Atkinson D.Temperature and organism size:a biological law for ectotherms?[J].Advance in Ecological Research,1994,25:1-58.
[4]Stillwell R C,Blanckenhorn W U,Teder T,et al.Sex differences in phenotypic plasticity affect variation in sexual size dimorphism in insects:from physiology to evolution[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2010,55:227-245.
[5]Blanckenhorn W U,Stillwell R C,Young K A,et al.When Rensch meets Bergmann:does sexual size dimorphism change systematically with latitude?[J].Evolution,2006,60(10):2004-2011.
[6]David J R,Moreteau B,Gauthier J P,et al.Reaction norms of size characters in relation to growth temperature in Drosophila melanogaster:an isofemale lines analysis[J].Genetics Selection Evolution,1994,26:229-251.
[7]Stillwell R C,Fox C W.Geographic variation in body size,sexual size dimorphism and fitness components of a seed beetle:local adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity[J].Oikos,2009,118(5):703-712.
[8]Rensch B.Die Abh?ngigkeit der relativen Sexual differenz von der K?rpergr?sse[J].Bonner Zoologische Beitr?ge,1950,1:58-69.
[9]Teder T,Tammaru T.Sexual size dimorphism within species increases with body size in insects[J].Oikos,2005,108(2):321-334.
[10]薛芳森,李爱青,朱杏芬,等.大猿叶虫生活史的研究[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(4):494-498.
[11]Xue F S,Spieth H R,Li A Q,et al.The role of photoperiod and temperature in determination of summer and winter diapause in the cabbage beetle,Colaphellus bowringi(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2002,48(3):279-286.
[12]赖锡婷,唐仁新,杨东,等.大猿叶虫龙南种群的生物学特性[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(5):710-713.
[13]赖锡婷,周昱晨,何海敏,等.光周期和温度对大猿叶虫龙南种群滞育诱导的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):895-899.
[14]董宇奎,周昱晨,李照会,等.大猿叶虫山东种群生物学特性的研究[J].植物保护,2007,33(2):70-73.
[15]胡志风,于洪春,孙文鹏,等.哈尔滨地区大猿叶虫发育历期与生物学特性[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(6):909-912.
[16]Gotthard K,Nylin S,Wiklund C.Adaptive variation in growth rate:life history costs and consequences in the speckled wood butterfly,Pararge aegeria[J].Oecologia,1994,99:281-89.
[17]Lovich J E,Gibbons J W.A review of techniques quantifying sexual size dimorphism[J].Growth Development and Aging,199256:269-281.
[18]Angilletta M J,Dunham A E.The temperature-size rule in ectotherms:simple evolutionary explanations may not be general[J].American Naturalist,2003,162:333-342.
[19]Abouheif E,Fairbairn D J.A comparative analysis of allometry for sexual size dimorphism:assessing Rensch’s rule[J].American Naturalist,1997,149:540-562.
[20]Xiao L,He H M,Huang L L,et al.Variation of life-history traits of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis in relation to temperature and geographical latitude[J].Ecology and Evolution,2016,6(15):5129-5143.
[21]Fischer K,Fiedler K.Sex-related differences in reaction norms in the butterfly Lycaena tityrus(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)[J].Oikos,2000,90(2):372-380.
[22]Fu D M,He H M,Zhou C,et al.Life-history responses of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis to temperature change:breaking the temperature-size rule[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2016,61:115-118.
[2]Sibly R M,Atkinson D.How rearing temperature affects optimal adult size in ectotherms[J].Functional Ecology,1994,8(4):486-493.
[3]Atkinson D.Temperature and organism size:a biological law for ectotherms?[J].Advance in Ecological Research,1994,25:1-58.
[4]Stillwell R C,Blanckenhorn W U,Teder T,et al.Sex differences in phenotypic plasticity affect variation in sexual size dimorphism in insects:from physiology to evolution[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2010,55:227-245.
[5]Blanckenhorn W U,Stillwell R C,Young K A,et al.When Rensch meets Bergmann:does sexual size dimorphism change systematically with latitude?[J].Evolution,2006,60(10):2004-2011.
[6]David J R,Moreteau B,Gauthier J P,et al.Reaction norms of size characters in relation to growth temperature in Drosophila melanogaster:an isofemale lines analysis[J].Genetics Selection Evolution,1994,26:229-251.
[7]Stillwell R C,Fox C W.Geographic variation in body size,sexual size dimorphism and fitness components of a seed beetle:local adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity[J].Oikos,2009,118(5):703-712.
[8]Rensch B.Die Abh?ngigkeit der relativen Sexual differenz von der K?rpergr?sse[J].Bonner Zoologische Beitr?ge,1950,1:58-69.
[9]Teder T,Tammaru T.Sexual size dimorphism within species increases with body size in insects[J].Oikos,2005,108(2):321-334.
[10]薛芳森,李爱青,朱杏芬,等.大猿叶虫生活史的研究[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(4):494-498.
[11]Xue F S,Spieth H R,Li A Q,et al.The role of photoperiod and temperature in determination of summer and winter diapause in the cabbage beetle,Colaphellus bowringi(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2002,48(3):279-286.
[12]赖锡婷,唐仁新,杨东,等.大猿叶虫龙南种群的生物学特性[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(5):710-713.
[13]赖锡婷,周昱晨,何海敏,等.光周期和温度对大猿叶虫龙南种群滞育诱导的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):895-899.
[14]董宇奎,周昱晨,李照会,等.大猿叶虫山东种群生物学特性的研究[J].植物保护,2007,33(2):70-73.
[15]胡志风,于洪春,孙文鹏,等.哈尔滨地区大猿叶虫发育历期与生物学特性[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(6):909-912.
[16]Gotthard K,Nylin S,Wiklund C.Adaptive variation in growth rate:life history costs and consequences in the speckled wood butterfly,Pararge aegeria[J].Oecologia,1994,99:281-89.
[17]Lovich J E,Gibbons J W.A review of techniques quantifying sexual size dimorphism[J].Growth Development and Aging,199256:269-281.
[18]Angilletta M J,Dunham A E.The temperature-size rule in ectotherms:simple evolutionary explanations may not be general[J].American Naturalist,2003,162:333-342.
[19]Abouheif E,Fairbairn D J.A comparative analysis of allometry for sexual size dimorphism:assessing Rensch’s rule[J].American Naturalist,1997,149:540-562.
[20]Xiao L,He H M,Huang L L,et al.Variation of life-history traits of the Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis in relation to temperature and geographical latitude[J].Ecology and Evolution,2016,6(15):5129-5143.
[21]Fischer K,Fiedler K.Sex-related differences in reaction norms in the butterfly Lycaena tityrus(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae)[J].Oikos,2000,90(2):372-380.
[22]Fu D M,He H M,Zhou C,et al.Life-history responses of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis to temperature change:breaking the temperature-size rule[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2016,61:115-118.