PM2.5对呼吸系统疾病的影响及其机制的研究进展
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摘要
PM2.5的化学成分极其复杂,可携带部分病毒和病菌,富集很多有毒有害物质。呼吸系统是PM2.5暴露和作用的主要靶器官,呼吸系统疾病种类繁多,病因复杂,结局较难把握。已有报道,PM2.5对呼吸系统阻塞性、感染性、过敏性疾病及肿瘤等发生发展有重要影响,其机制可能与氧化应激、炎症反应、基因毒性、细胞凋亡、细胞自噬及细胞周期紊乱等相关。
The chemical composition of PM2.5is extremely complex and it can carry some viruses and bacteria,gather many toxic and hazardous substances.The respiratory system is the main target organ of PM2.5exposure and impact.There are many different kinds of respiratory system diseases,which have complex etiologies and unpredictable outcomes.Previous reports have shown that PM2.5plays an important role in the occurrence and development of respiratory obstructive,infectious,allergic and neoplastic diseases;of which mechanisms may be related to oxidative stress,inflammatory reaction,genetic toxicity,cell apoptosis,cell autophagy and cell cycle disorders.
The chemical composition of PM2.5is extremely complex and it can carry some viruses and bacteria,gather many toxic and hazardous substances.The respiratory system is the main target organ of PM2.5exposure and impact.There are many different kinds of respiratory system diseases,which have complex etiologies and unpredictable outcomes.Previous reports have shown that PM2.5plays an important role in the occurrence and development of respiratory obstructive,infectious,allergic and neoplastic diseases;of which mechanisms may be related to oxidative stress,inflammatory reaction,genetic toxicity,cell apoptosis,cell autophagy and cell cycle disorders.
引文
[1]阚海东.《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)细颗粒物(PM2.5)标准值解读[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(5):396-398.
[2]WANG J,CHRISTOPHER SA.Intercomparison between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness and PM2.5mass:Implications for air quality studies[J].Geophys Res Lett,2003,30(21):267-283.
[3]张凡,苏德奇.PM2.5对人体健康的影响研究进展[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(4):88-91.
[4]TSAI SS,CHIU HF,LIOU SH.Short-term effects of fine particulate air pollution on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases:A case-crossover study in a tropical city[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2014,77(18):1091-1101.
[5]BADYDA AJ,GRELLIER J,DABROWIECKI P.Ambient PM2.5exposure and mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases in polish cities[J].Springer International Publishing,2017,10(01):9-17.
[6]LI P,XIN J,WANG Y.The acute effects of fine particles on respiratory mortality and morbidity in Beijing,2004-2009[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2013,20(9):6433-6444.
[7]刘昌景,黄飞,杨志洲,等.我国空气污染物与人群呼吸系统疾病死亡急性效应的Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(8):889-895.
[8]RICE MB,LJUNGMAN PL,WILKER EH,et al.Long-term exposure to traffic emissions and fine particulate matter and lung function decline in the Framingham heart study[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2015,191(6):656-664.
[9]ZHAO J,BO L,GONG C,et al.Preliminary study to explore gene-PM2.5interactive effects on respiratory system in traffic policemen[J].Int J Occup Med Environ Health,2015,28(6):971-983.
[10]RICE MB,RIFAS-SHIMAN SM,LITONJUA AA,et al.Lifetime exposure to ambient pollution and lung function in children[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2015,193(8):881-888.
[11]GEHRING U,GRUZIEVA O,AGIUS RM.Air pollution exposure and lung function in children:The ESCAPE project[J].Environ Health Perspect,2013,121(11-12):1357-1364.
[12]CORTEZ-LUGO M,RAMIREZ-AGUILAR M,PEREZ-PADILLA R,et al.Effect of personal exposure to PM2.5on respiratory health in a Mexican panel of patients with COPD[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2015,12(9):10635-10647.
[13]LI MH,FAN LC,MAO B,et al.Short term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)increases hospitalizations and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Chest,2016,149(2):447-458.
[14]DARROW LA,KLEIN M,FLANDERS WD,et al.Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0-4years of age:An 18-year time-series study[J].Am J Epidemiol,2014,180(10):968-977.
[15]JEDRYCHOWSKI WA,PERERA FP,SPENGLER JD,et al.Intrauterine exposure to fine particulate matter as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to acute broncho-pulmonary infections in early childhood[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2013,216(4):395-401.
[16]FAN J,LI S,FAN C,et al.The impact of PM2.5on asthma emergency department visits:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2016,23(1):843-850.
[17]LOFTUS C,YOST M,SAMPSON P.Regional PM2.5and asthma morbidity in an agricultural community:A panel study[J].Environ Res,2015,136:505-512.
[18]WANG IJ,TUNG TH,TANG CS,et al.Allergens,air pollutants,and childhood allergic diseases[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2016,219(1):66-71.
[19]GUO Y,ZENG H,ZHENG R,et al.The association between lung cancer incidence and ambient air pollution in China:A spatiotemporal analysis[J].Environ Res,2016,144(Pt A):60-65.
[20]FU J,JIANG D,LIN G,et al.An ecological analysis of PM2.5concentrations and lung cancer mortality rates in China[J].BMJ Open,2015,5(11):e9452.
[21]RAASCHOU-NIELSEN O,ANDERSEN ZJ,BEELEN R,et al.Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17European cohorts:Prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects(ESCAPE)[J].Lancet Oncol,2013,14(9):813-822.
[22]YANG WS,ZHAO H,WANG X,et al.An evidence-based assessment for the association between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the risk of lung cancer[J].Eur J Cancer Prev,2016,25(3):163-172.
[23]LIN ZQ,XI ZG,YANG DF,et al.Oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripheral blood in endotracheal PM2.5-treated rats[J].Biomed Environ Sci,2009,22(3):223-228.
[24]徐贞贞,张志红,马晓燕,等.PM2.5通过氧化应激对人支气管上皮细胞JAK/STAT信号通路的影响[J].卫生研究,2015,44(3):451-455.
[25]舒娟,刘晓菊,褚旭,等.细颗粒物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响[J].中华医学杂志,2016,96(4):301-305.
[26]刘婷,魏海英,杨文妍.太原市冬季灰霾天气大气PM2.5对肺泡巨噬细胞的氧化损伤作用[J].环境科学学报,2015,(3):890-896.
[27]段争,杜飞燕,袁雅冬,等.细颗粒物暴露对大鼠肺脏清除肺炎克雷伯菌的影响[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2013,36(11):836-840.
[28]段争,吴翠红.细颗粒物PM2.5暴露加重博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化[J].基础医学与临床,2015,35(6):781-785.
[29]YAN Z,WANG J,LI J,et al.Oxidative stress and endocytosis are involved in upregulation of interleukin-8expression in airway cells exposed to PM2.5[J].Environ Toxicol,2016,31(12):1869-1878.
[30]翟文慧,黄志刚,冯聪.大气细颗粒污染物PM2.5浓度及对肺上皮细胞炎性因子的影响[J].现代生物医学进展,2015,15(6):1028-1031.
[31]HONDA A,FUKUSHIMA W,OISHI M,et al.Effects of components of PM2.5collected in Japan on the respiratory and immune systems[J].Int J Toxicol,2017,36(2):153-164.
[32]ZHOU Z,LIU Y,DUAN F,et al.Transcriptomic analyses of the biological effects of airborne PM2.5exposure on human bronchial epithelial cells[J].PLoS One,2015,10(9):e138267.
[33]DING X,WANG M,CHU H,et al.Global gene expression profiling of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to airborne fine particulate matter collected from Wuhan,China[J].Toxicol Lett,2014,228(1):25-33.
[34]LIU Y,CHEN YY,CAO JY,et al.Oxidative stress,apoptosis,and cell cycle arrest are induced in primary fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2015,22(13):9728-9741.
[35]HUANG Q,ZHANG J,PENG S,et al.Effects of water soluble PM2.5extracts exposure on human lung epithelial cells(A549):A proteomic study[J].J Appl Toxicol,2014,34(6):675-687.
[36]DENG X,ZHANG F,RUI W,et al.PM2.5-induced oxidative stress triggers autophagy in human lung epithelial A549cells[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2013,27(6):1762-1770.
[37]LIU T,WU B,WANG Y,et al.Particulate matter 2.5induces autophagy via inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells[J].Mol Med Rep,2015,12(2):1914-1922.
[38]LONGHIN E,HOLME JAM,GUTZKOW KB,et al.Cell cycle alterations induced by urban PM2.5in bronchial epithelial cells:characterization of the process and possible mechanisms involved[J].Part Fibre Toxicol,2013,10(1):63.
[39]GU XY,CHU X,ZENG XL,et al.Effects of PM2.5exposure on the Notch signaling pathway and immune imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Environ Pollution,2017,226(4):163-173.
[40]WANG R,XIAO X,CAO L,et al.Airborne fine particulate matter induces an upregulation of endothelin receptors on rat bronchi[J].Environ Pollut,2015,209:11-20.
[41]LI R,KOU X,GENG H,et al.Effect of ambient PM(2.5)on lung mitochondrial damage and fusion/fission gene expression in rats[J].Chem Res Toxicol,2015,28(3):408-418.
[2]WANG J,CHRISTOPHER SA.Intercomparison between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness and PM2.5mass:Implications for air quality studies[J].Geophys Res Lett,2003,30(21):267-283.
[3]张凡,苏德奇.PM2.5对人体健康的影响研究进展[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(4):88-91.
[4]TSAI SS,CHIU HF,LIOU SH.Short-term effects of fine particulate air pollution on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases:A case-crossover study in a tropical city[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2014,77(18):1091-1101.
[5]BADYDA AJ,GRELLIER J,DABROWIECKI P.Ambient PM2.5exposure and mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases in polish cities[J].Springer International Publishing,2017,10(01):9-17.
[6]LI P,XIN J,WANG Y.The acute effects of fine particles on respiratory mortality and morbidity in Beijing,2004-2009[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2013,20(9):6433-6444.
[7]刘昌景,黄飞,杨志洲,等.我国空气污染物与人群呼吸系统疾病死亡急性效应的Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(8):889-895.
[8]RICE MB,LJUNGMAN PL,WILKER EH,et al.Long-term exposure to traffic emissions and fine particulate matter and lung function decline in the Framingham heart study[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2015,191(6):656-664.
[9]ZHAO J,BO L,GONG C,et al.Preliminary study to explore gene-PM2.5interactive effects on respiratory system in traffic policemen[J].Int J Occup Med Environ Health,2015,28(6):971-983.
[10]RICE MB,RIFAS-SHIMAN SM,LITONJUA AA,et al.Lifetime exposure to ambient pollution and lung function in children[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2015,193(8):881-888.
[11]GEHRING U,GRUZIEVA O,AGIUS RM.Air pollution exposure and lung function in children:The ESCAPE project[J].Environ Health Perspect,2013,121(11-12):1357-1364.
[12]CORTEZ-LUGO M,RAMIREZ-AGUILAR M,PEREZ-PADILLA R,et al.Effect of personal exposure to PM2.5on respiratory health in a Mexican panel of patients with COPD[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2015,12(9):10635-10647.
[13]LI MH,FAN LC,MAO B,et al.Short term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)increases hospitalizations and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Chest,2016,149(2):447-458.
[14]DARROW LA,KLEIN M,FLANDERS WD,et al.Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0-4years of age:An 18-year time-series study[J].Am J Epidemiol,2014,180(10):968-977.
[15]JEDRYCHOWSKI WA,PERERA FP,SPENGLER JD,et al.Intrauterine exposure to fine particulate matter as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to acute broncho-pulmonary infections in early childhood[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2013,216(4):395-401.
[16]FAN J,LI S,FAN C,et al.The impact of PM2.5on asthma emergency department visits:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2016,23(1):843-850.
[17]LOFTUS C,YOST M,SAMPSON P.Regional PM2.5and asthma morbidity in an agricultural community:A panel study[J].Environ Res,2015,136:505-512.
[18]WANG IJ,TUNG TH,TANG CS,et al.Allergens,air pollutants,and childhood allergic diseases[J].Int J Hyg Environ Health,2016,219(1):66-71.
[19]GUO Y,ZENG H,ZHENG R,et al.The association between lung cancer incidence and ambient air pollution in China:A spatiotemporal analysis[J].Environ Res,2016,144(Pt A):60-65.
[20]FU J,JIANG D,LIN G,et al.An ecological analysis of PM2.5concentrations and lung cancer mortality rates in China[J].BMJ Open,2015,5(11):e9452.
[21]RAASCHOU-NIELSEN O,ANDERSEN ZJ,BEELEN R,et al.Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17European cohorts:Prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects(ESCAPE)[J].Lancet Oncol,2013,14(9):813-822.
[22]YANG WS,ZHAO H,WANG X,et al.An evidence-based assessment for the association between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the risk of lung cancer[J].Eur J Cancer Prev,2016,25(3):163-172.
[23]LIN ZQ,XI ZG,YANG DF,et al.Oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripheral blood in endotracheal PM2.5-treated rats[J].Biomed Environ Sci,2009,22(3):223-228.
[24]徐贞贞,张志红,马晓燕,等.PM2.5通过氧化应激对人支气管上皮细胞JAK/STAT信号通路的影响[J].卫生研究,2015,44(3):451-455.
[25]舒娟,刘晓菊,褚旭,等.细颗粒物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响[J].中华医学杂志,2016,96(4):301-305.
[26]刘婷,魏海英,杨文妍.太原市冬季灰霾天气大气PM2.5对肺泡巨噬细胞的氧化损伤作用[J].环境科学学报,2015,(3):890-896.
[27]段争,杜飞燕,袁雅冬,等.细颗粒物暴露对大鼠肺脏清除肺炎克雷伯菌的影响[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2013,36(11):836-840.
[28]段争,吴翠红.细颗粒物PM2.5暴露加重博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化[J].基础医学与临床,2015,35(6):781-785.
[29]YAN Z,WANG J,LI J,et al.Oxidative stress and endocytosis are involved in upregulation of interleukin-8expression in airway cells exposed to PM2.5[J].Environ Toxicol,2016,31(12):1869-1878.
[30]翟文慧,黄志刚,冯聪.大气细颗粒污染物PM2.5浓度及对肺上皮细胞炎性因子的影响[J].现代生物医学进展,2015,15(6):1028-1031.
[31]HONDA A,FUKUSHIMA W,OISHI M,et al.Effects of components of PM2.5collected in Japan on the respiratory and immune systems[J].Int J Toxicol,2017,36(2):153-164.
[32]ZHOU Z,LIU Y,DUAN F,et al.Transcriptomic analyses of the biological effects of airborne PM2.5exposure on human bronchial epithelial cells[J].PLoS One,2015,10(9):e138267.
[33]DING X,WANG M,CHU H,et al.Global gene expression profiling of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to airborne fine particulate matter collected from Wuhan,China[J].Toxicol Lett,2014,228(1):25-33.
[34]LIU Y,CHEN YY,CAO JY,et al.Oxidative stress,apoptosis,and cell cycle arrest are induced in primary fetal alveolar type II epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2015,22(13):9728-9741.
[35]HUANG Q,ZHANG J,PENG S,et al.Effects of water soluble PM2.5extracts exposure on human lung epithelial cells(A549):A proteomic study[J].J Appl Toxicol,2014,34(6):675-687.
[36]DENG X,ZHANG F,RUI W,et al.PM2.5-induced oxidative stress triggers autophagy in human lung epithelial A549cells[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2013,27(6):1762-1770.
[37]LIU T,WU B,WANG Y,et al.Particulate matter 2.5induces autophagy via inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells[J].Mol Med Rep,2015,12(2):1914-1922.
[38]LONGHIN E,HOLME JAM,GUTZKOW KB,et al.Cell cycle alterations induced by urban PM2.5in bronchial epithelial cells:characterization of the process and possible mechanisms involved[J].Part Fibre Toxicol,2013,10(1):63.
[39]GU XY,CHU X,ZENG XL,et al.Effects of PM2.5exposure on the Notch signaling pathway and immune imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Environ Pollution,2017,226(4):163-173.
[40]WANG R,XIAO X,CAO L,et al.Airborne fine particulate matter induces an upregulation of endothelin receptors on rat bronchi[J].Environ Pollut,2015,209:11-20.
[41]LI R,KOU X,GENG H,et al.Effect of ambient PM(2.5)on lung mitochondrial damage and fusion/fission gene expression in rats[J].Chem Res Toxicol,2015,28(3):408-418.