农业产业集群创新通道及溢出效应——以山东寿光蔬菜产业集群为例
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摘要
农业产业集群创新是多种关系集聚作用的过程,而现代农业集群发展离不开地方与全球背景下的前后联系,因此研究地方与全球联系下的农业集群创新及其溢出效应具有重要的理论与现实意义。论文以山东寿光蔬菜产业集群为例,利用实地调研数据,运用社会网络分析法和空间计量模型分析集群创新联系的作用通道及溢出效应,研究表明:①集群地方联系包含强关系的本地企业网络和弱关系的官产学研网络,其中本地企业网络集聚现象较突出,企业间联系紧密,两关系网络中核心企业对资源信息均具有较强控制作用;②全球通道作为集群外部弱联系,网络联系密度较低,其网络整体显示出结构洞特征,且网络核心节点企业对海外异质性资源表现出较强控制性。在测度集群创新溢出效应方面,空间误差模型较其他模型更优,其中集群本地企业联系、企业间空间邻近、全球关系通道在集群创新中均会起到一定促进作用。进一步机理分析表明,地方联系和全球关系通道在集群创新中发挥着不同的作用,其强弱关系互动是异质性创新资源扩散、吸收与利用的关键。
The innovation of agricultural industrial clusters is a process of integration of various relationships,while the development of modern agricultural clusters cannot be separated from the local and global contexts.Hence, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the innovation of agricultural clusters and its spillover effects with regard to the local and global network relationships. Taking the Shouguang Vegetable Production Industrial Cluster as an example and using field survey data obtained in 2017, and social network analysis and a spatial econometric model, this study analyzed the pathways and spillover effects of cluster innovation. The results show that: 1) The cluster's local connections include a strong local enterprise network and a weak government-industry-university-research network, in which the agglomeration of the local enterprises is prominent, and the enterprises are closely linked. The core enterprises in the two relationship networks have a strong control over resource and information. 2) As a weak link outside the cluster, the global network has a low density of network links. The network as a whole shows the characteristics of structural holes, and its core node enterprises show strong control over overseas resource heterogeneity. The spatial error model is better than other models in measuring the spillover effects of cluster innovation, in which the cluster's local enterprise relationship,inter-enterprise spatial proximity, and global relationship all play a certain role in promoting cluster innovation.Further mechanism analysis shows that local relationship links and global relationships play different roles in cluster innovation, and the interaction between strong and weak relationships is the key to the diffusion,absorption, and utilization of heterogeneous innovation resources.
The innovation of agricultural industrial clusters is a process of integration of various relationships,while the development of modern agricultural clusters cannot be separated from the local and global contexts.Hence, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the innovation of agricultural clusters and its spillover effects with regard to the local and global network relationships. Taking the Shouguang Vegetable Production Industrial Cluster as an example and using field survey data obtained in 2017, and social network analysis and a spatial econometric model, this study analyzed the pathways and spillover effects of cluster innovation. The results show that: 1) The cluster's local connections include a strong local enterprise network and a weak government-industry-university-research network, in which the agglomeration of the local enterprises is prominent, and the enterprises are closely linked. The core enterprises in the two relationship networks have a strong control over resource and information. 2) As a weak link outside the cluster, the global network has a low density of network links. The network as a whole shows the characteristics of structural holes, and its core node enterprises show strong control over overseas resource heterogeneity. The spatial error model is better than other models in measuring the spillover effects of cluster innovation, in which the cluster's local enterprise relationship,inter-enterprise spatial proximity, and global relationship all play a certain role in promoting cluster innovation.Further mechanism analysis shows that local relationship links and global relationships play different roles in cluster innovation, and the interaction between strong and weak relationships is the key to the diffusion,absorption, and utilization of heterogeneous innovation resources.
引文
盖文启.2002.创新网络:区域经济发展新思维[M].北京:北京大学出版社.[Gai W Q.2002.Innovation network:New thinking of regional economic development.Beijing,China:Peking University Press.]
郭泉恩,孙斌栋.2016.中国高技术产业创新空间分布及其影响因素:基于面板数据的空间计量分析[J].地理科学进展,35(10):1218-1227.[Guo Q E,Sun B D.2016.Spatial distribution and influencing factors of high-tech industry innovation in China:Based on spatial econometric analysis of panel data.Progress in Geography,35(10):1218-1227.]
李小建.2006.经济地理学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社.200.[Li X J,et al.2006.Economic Geography.2nd Edition.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,200.]
彭伟,金丹丹,符正平.2018.双重网络嵌入、双元创业学习与海归创业企业成长关系研究[J].管理评论,30(12):63-75.[Peng W,Jin D D,Fu Z P.2018.Study on the relationship among dual network embeddedness,ambidextrous entrepreneurial learning and the growth of returnee entrepreneurial firms.Management Review,30(12):63-75.]
钱锡红,杨永福,徐万里.2010.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效:一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界,(5):118-129.[Qian X H,Yang Y F,Xu W L.2010.Enterprise network location,absorptive capability and innovation performance:An interaction effect model.Management World,(5):118-129.]
史焱文,李二玲,李小建.2014.农业产业集群创新效率及影响因素:基于山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群的实证分析[J].地理科学进展,33(7):1000-1008.[Shi Y W,Li E L,Li XJ.2014.Agriculture industry cluster innovation efficiency and influence factors analysis:Based on the Shouguang vegetable industry cluster's enterprises in Shandong Province of empirical analysis.Progress in Geography,33(7):1000-1008.]
史焱文,李二玲,李小建.2016.地理邻近、关系邻近对农业产业集群创新影响:基于山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群实证研究[J].地理科学,36(5):751-759.[Shi Y W,Li E L,Li X J.2016.Geographical proximity,relational proximity effect on innovation in agriculture industrial cluster:Based on the Shouguang vegetable industrial cluster empirical research.Scientia Geographica Sinica,36(5):751-759.]
童昕,王缉慈.2000.论全球化背景下的本地创新网络[J].中国软科学,(9):80-83.[Tong X,Wang J C.2000.An analysis of global-local innovation networks.China Soft Science,(9):80-83.]
王琛,林初昇,戴世续.2012.产业集群对技术创新的影响:以电子信息产业为例[J].地理研究,31(8):1375-1386.[Wang C,Lin C S,Dai S X.2012.Research on the relationship between industrial cluster and technological innovation of China's electronics and information industry.Geographical Research,31(8):1375-1386.]
王缉慈.2001.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展[M].北京:北京大学出版社.[Wang J C.2001.Innovation space:Enterprise cluster and regional development.Beijing,China:Peking University Press.]
吴娜琳,乔家君,李小建.2017.政府推动下农业专业项目的空间扩散:以西峡县香菇产业为例[J].地理研究,36(8):1557-1569.[Wu N L,Qiao J J,Li X J.2017.The spatial diffusion of agricultural specialized production under government promotion:A case study of mushroom production in Xixia County.Geographical Research,36(8):1557-1569.]
吴玉鸣,何建坤.2008.研发溢出、区域创新集群的空间计量经济分析[J].管理科学学报,11(4):59-66.[Wu Y M,He J K.2008.Spatial econometric analysis of R&D spillovers and regional innovation cluster.Journal of Management Sciences in China,11(4):59-66.]
杨红丽,陈钊.2015.外商直接投资水平溢出的间接机制:基于上游供应商的研究[J].世界经济,(3):123-144.[Yang H L,Chen Z.2015.Indirect mechanism of foreign direct investment horizontal spillover:Based on upstream suppliers.The Journal of World Economy,(3):123-144.]
张月莉,王再文.2018.农业集群品牌经营主体价值共创行为产生机理:美国“新奇士”品牌的探索性研究[J].经济问题,(5):40-45,93.[Zhang Y L,Wang Z W.2018.Value co-creating behavior generation mechanism of agricultural clusters brand operators:An exploratory research on brand of sunkist from America.On Economic Problems,(5):40-45,93.]
赵增耀,章小波,沈能.2015.区域协同创新效率的多维溢出效应[J].中国工业经济,(1):32-44.[Zhao Z Y,Zhang XB,Shen N.2015.Multidimensional spillover effect of regional cooperative innovation efficiency.China Industrial Economics,(1):32-44.]
郑风田,程郁.2006.创业家与我国农村产业集群的形成与演进机理:基于云南斗南花卉个案的实证分析[J].中国软科学,(1):100-107.[Zheng F T,Cheng Y.2006.The roles of entrepreneurs in the formation and evolution of China rural industrial clusters evidences fram Dounan's flower industrial clusters.China Soft Science,(1):100-107.]
Asheim B,Coenen L,Vang J.2007.Face-to-face,buzz,and knowledge bases:Sociospatial implications for learning,innovation,and innovation policy[J].Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,25(5):655-670.
Balland P A,Boschma R,Frenken K.2015.Proximity and innovation:From statics to dynamics[J].Regional Studies,49(6):907-920.
Breschi S,Malerba F.2007.Clusters,networks and innovation[M].Oxford University Press.
Burt R S.1992.Structural holes:The social structure of competition[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press.
Cooke P.1996.The new wave of regional innovation networks:Analysis,characteristics and strategy[J].Small Business Economics,8(2):159-171.
Farinha L,Ferreira J,Gouveia B.2016.Networks of innovation and competitiveness:A Triple Helix case study[J].Journal of the Knowledge Economy,7(1):259-275.
Freeman C.1991.Networks of innovators:A synthesis of research issues[J].Research Policy,20:499-514.
Li E L,Yao F,Xi J X,et al.2018.Evolution characteristics of government-industry-university-research cooperative innovation network for China's agriculture and influencing factors:Illustrated according to agricultural patent case[J].Chinese Geographical Science,28(1):137-152.
郭泉恩,孙斌栋.2016.中国高技术产业创新空间分布及其影响因素:基于面板数据的空间计量分析[J].地理科学进展,35(10):1218-1227.[Guo Q E,Sun B D.2016.Spatial distribution and influencing factors of high-tech industry innovation in China:Based on spatial econometric analysis of panel data.Progress in Geography,35(10):1218-1227.]
李小建.2006.经济地理学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社.200.[Li X J,et al.2006.Economic Geography.2nd Edition.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,200.]
彭伟,金丹丹,符正平.2018.双重网络嵌入、双元创业学习与海归创业企业成长关系研究[J].管理评论,30(12):63-75.[Peng W,Jin D D,Fu Z P.2018.Study on the relationship among dual network embeddedness,ambidextrous entrepreneurial learning and the growth of returnee entrepreneurial firms.Management Review,30(12):63-75.]
钱锡红,杨永福,徐万里.2010.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效:一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界,(5):118-129.[Qian X H,Yang Y F,Xu W L.2010.Enterprise network location,absorptive capability and innovation performance:An interaction effect model.Management World,(5):118-129.]
史焱文,李二玲,李小建.2014.农业产业集群创新效率及影响因素:基于山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群的实证分析[J].地理科学进展,33(7):1000-1008.[Shi Y W,Li E L,Li XJ.2014.Agriculture industry cluster innovation efficiency and influence factors analysis:Based on the Shouguang vegetable industry cluster's enterprises in Shandong Province of empirical analysis.Progress in Geography,33(7):1000-1008.]
史焱文,李二玲,李小建.2016.地理邻近、关系邻近对农业产业集群创新影响:基于山东省寿光蔬菜产业集群实证研究[J].地理科学,36(5):751-759.[Shi Y W,Li E L,Li X J.2016.Geographical proximity,relational proximity effect on innovation in agriculture industrial cluster:Based on the Shouguang vegetable industrial cluster empirical research.Scientia Geographica Sinica,36(5):751-759.]
童昕,王缉慈.2000.论全球化背景下的本地创新网络[J].中国软科学,(9):80-83.[Tong X,Wang J C.2000.An analysis of global-local innovation networks.China Soft Science,(9):80-83.]
王琛,林初昇,戴世续.2012.产业集群对技术创新的影响:以电子信息产业为例[J].地理研究,31(8):1375-1386.[Wang C,Lin C S,Dai S X.2012.Research on the relationship between industrial cluster and technological innovation of China's electronics and information industry.Geographical Research,31(8):1375-1386.]
王缉慈.2001.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展[M].北京:北京大学出版社.[Wang J C.2001.Innovation space:Enterprise cluster and regional development.Beijing,China:Peking University Press.]
吴娜琳,乔家君,李小建.2017.政府推动下农业专业项目的空间扩散:以西峡县香菇产业为例[J].地理研究,36(8):1557-1569.[Wu N L,Qiao J J,Li X J.2017.The spatial diffusion of agricultural specialized production under government promotion:A case study of mushroom production in Xixia County.Geographical Research,36(8):1557-1569.]
吴玉鸣,何建坤.2008.研发溢出、区域创新集群的空间计量经济分析[J].管理科学学报,11(4):59-66.[Wu Y M,He J K.2008.Spatial econometric analysis of R&D spillovers and regional innovation cluster.Journal of Management Sciences in China,11(4):59-66.]
杨红丽,陈钊.2015.外商直接投资水平溢出的间接机制:基于上游供应商的研究[J].世界经济,(3):123-144.[Yang H L,Chen Z.2015.Indirect mechanism of foreign direct investment horizontal spillover:Based on upstream suppliers.The Journal of World Economy,(3):123-144.]
张月莉,王再文.2018.农业集群品牌经营主体价值共创行为产生机理:美国“新奇士”品牌的探索性研究[J].经济问题,(5):40-45,93.[Zhang Y L,Wang Z W.2018.Value co-creating behavior generation mechanism of agricultural clusters brand operators:An exploratory research on brand of sunkist from America.On Economic Problems,(5):40-45,93.]
赵增耀,章小波,沈能.2015.区域协同创新效率的多维溢出效应[J].中国工业经济,(1):32-44.[Zhao Z Y,Zhang XB,Shen N.2015.Multidimensional spillover effect of regional cooperative innovation efficiency.China Industrial Economics,(1):32-44.]
郑风田,程郁.2006.创业家与我国农村产业集群的形成与演进机理:基于云南斗南花卉个案的实证分析[J].中国软科学,(1):100-107.[Zheng F T,Cheng Y.2006.The roles of entrepreneurs in the formation and evolution of China rural industrial clusters evidences fram Dounan's flower industrial clusters.China Soft Science,(1):100-107.]
Asheim B,Coenen L,Vang J.2007.Face-to-face,buzz,and knowledge bases:Sociospatial implications for learning,innovation,and innovation policy[J].Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,25(5):655-670.
Balland P A,Boschma R,Frenken K.2015.Proximity and innovation:From statics to dynamics[J].Regional Studies,49(6):907-920.
Breschi S,Malerba F.2007.Clusters,networks and innovation[M].Oxford University Press.
Burt R S.1992.Structural holes:The social structure of competition[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press.
Cooke P.1996.The new wave of regional innovation networks:Analysis,characteristics and strategy[J].Small Business Economics,8(2):159-171.
Farinha L,Ferreira J,Gouveia B.2016.Networks of innovation and competitiveness:A Triple Helix case study[J].Journal of the Knowledge Economy,7(1):259-275.
Freeman C.1991.Networks of innovators:A synthesis of research issues[J].Research Policy,20:499-514.
Li E L,Yao F,Xi J X,et al.2018.Evolution characteristics of government-industry-university-research cooperative innovation network for China's agriculture and influencing factors:Illustrated according to agricultural patent case[J].Chinese Geographical Science,28(1):137-152.