海口市街巷系统开放空间的有效性评价
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摘要
为量化评价城市街巷开放空间实际利用效率,引入开放空间利用率使用价值与开放空间利用率价值的概念,运用指标因子赋值打分评价得出开放空间实际使用价值(M),并以Hedonic模型为基础构建多元线性回归模型计算样本开放空间价值(α),从而得到开放空间实际利用效率,即η=M/α。为了判断开放空间是否有效,即寻找最优的开放空间实际利用效率。笔者采用政府评价、问卷调查2种方式确定标准参照样本(海南省海口市龙华区居仁坊社区)开放空间的有效性,通过计算该街巷社区的实际利用效率η_(标准),并与研究样本(海口秀英区爱华社区、海口琼山区高登社区和海口美兰区万福社区)街巷开放空间的实际利用效率横向比较,从而判断开放空间有效性。若当η_(样本)≥η_(标准),则该样本开放空间被充分利用,反之,η_(样本)<η_(标准),则说明该样本处于低效使用状态。结果表明,研究样本中,高登社区开放空间实际利用效率大于η_(标准),开放空间得到了充分利用,而爱华社区和万福社区开放空间实际利用效率小于标准数值,存在低效浪费情况。
In order to quantitatively evaluate the actual utilization efficiency of urban street open space, the concept of open space utilization value and open space value was introduced. In this concept the index factor assignment score was used to evaluate the actual use value of open space(M), and a multivariate linear regression model is constructed based on the Hedonic model to calculate the open space value of the sample(α), so that the actual utilization efficiency of the open space is obtained, that is,η=M/α. In order to judge whether the open space is inefficient, the optimal utilization efficiency of the open space has to be calculated. The government reference and questionnaire survey were used to determine the standard reference sample. The Jurenfang Community were determined as the standard reference sample, based on which the actual utilization efficiency standards of thecommunity were calculated and compared with that of the other sample communities under study to judge the inefficiency of the open space. If the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in a sample is higher than that of the standard sample, the open space in the sample is fully utilized. Conversely, if the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in a sample is lower than that in the standard sample the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in the sample is in a course of inefficient use. The research results showed that the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in the sample Gaodeng Community was greater than that in the standard sample Jurenfang Community, indicating that the open space in the Gaoden community was fully utilized. The actual utilization efficiency of the open space in Aihua Community and Wanfu Community was less than that in the standard sample, suggesting these two communities were had inefficient actual utilization efficiency in the open space.
In order to quantitatively evaluate the actual utilization efficiency of urban street open space, the concept of open space utilization value and open space value was introduced. In this concept the index factor assignment score was used to evaluate the actual use value of open space(M), and a multivariate linear regression model is constructed based on the Hedonic model to calculate the open space value of the sample(α), so that the actual utilization efficiency of the open space is obtained, that is,η=M/α. In order to judge whether the open space is inefficient, the optimal utilization efficiency of the open space has to be calculated. The government reference and questionnaire survey were used to determine the standard reference sample. The Jurenfang Community were determined as the standard reference sample, based on which the actual utilization efficiency standards of thecommunity were calculated and compared with that of the other sample communities under study to judge the inefficiency of the open space. If the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in a sample is higher than that of the standard sample, the open space in the sample is fully utilized. Conversely, if the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in a sample is lower than that in the standard sample the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in the sample is in a course of inefficient use. The research results showed that the actual utilization efficiency of the open space in the sample Gaodeng Community was greater than that in the standard sample Jurenfang Community, indicating that the open space in the Gaoden community was fully utilized. The actual utilization efficiency of the open space in Aihua Community and Wanfu Community was less than that in the standard sample, suggesting these two communities were had inefficient actual utilization efficiency in the open space.
引文
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[3] 风笑天.现代社会调查方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009.
[4] 范明林,吴军.质性研究[M].上海:格致出版社,2009:149-151.
[5] 张虎,田茂峰.信度分析在调查问卷设计中的应用[J],统计与决策,2007(21):25-27.
[6] 赵春丽,杨滨章,刘岱宗.PSPL调研法:城市公共空间和公共生活质量的评价方法——扬·盖尔城市公共空间设计理论与方法探析(3)[J].中国园林,2012,28(9):34-38.
[7] 陆雄文.管理学大辞典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2013.
[8] 梁前德.基础统计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[9] 何娟,丁磊,牛小丹.城市开放空间价值评估:Hedonic法应用研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(S1):393-396.
[10] LANCASTER K.A new approach to consumer theory[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1966,74(2):132.
[11] FREEMAN A M.The measurement of environmental and resource Values,Theory and Methods [M].Washington:Resources for the Future,2003.
[12] 连玉君,杨柳.Stata中因子变量的使用方法[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2018,36(2):90-103.