较大尖削度原木旋切方式的改进研究
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摘要
对较大尖削度原木或小径材进行旋切加工时,不可避免地会发生在平行于切削方向且垂直于切削平面内的单板切削方向与木材纤维方向形成夹角的现象,这在一定程度上会增大原材料的损耗,同时,木材纤维的走向也会影响制品的性能。为提高木材的利用率并保证所制产品的质量,采用倾斜安装旋切刀片的切削方式进行单板旋切加工,并测定单板所制胶合板和单板层积材的静曲强度和弹性模量。结果表明:边材部位纤维锥角的变化范围小于心材部位;旋切刀在平行安装方式与倾斜安装方式下进行切削,纤维锥角的变化趋势不变,但后者更小。旋切刀倾斜安装的方式可以提高原木边材部位切削单板的质量,对单板的静曲强度、单板层积材和薄单板所制胶合板的性能都有较好的改善效果。
When peeing the logs with large taper or small diameter,an angle between the wood grain direction and tangential plane on the side surface of the peeling veneer was unavoidable,which could increase raw material waste and worsen the product properties due to the wood grain orientation.In order to improve the utilization of wood and the quality of veneers,this study used a method that the blade had an angle with the log axle in the veneer peeling process.The modulus of rupture(MOR) and modulus of elastic(MOE) of the plywood and laminated veneer lumber(LVL) made from these veneers were examined.The results showed that the variation range of fiber taper angle for sapwood was smaller than that of heartwood.For different peeling methods resulted from the paralleled and oblique installation of the cutters,the change trend of fiber taper angle was stable although the taper angle resulted from the later installation way was smaller.The results of mechanical analysis showed that the MOR of the plywood and the LVL that made from the veneers peeled by the oblique cutter were higher than those peeled by paralleled cutter.No significant difference in the MOE of the plywood and LVL was found between these two methods.It was concluded that the oblique installation method could improve the quality of peeling products made from sapwood and improve the MOR of the LVL and plywood that made of these veneers.
When peeing the logs with large taper or small diameter,an angle between the wood grain direction and tangential plane on the side surface of the peeling veneer was unavoidable,which could increase raw material waste and worsen the product properties due to the wood grain orientation.In order to improve the utilization of wood and the quality of veneers,this study used a method that the blade had an angle with the log axle in the veneer peeling process.The modulus of rupture(MOR) and modulus of elastic(MOE) of the plywood and laminated veneer lumber(LVL) made from these veneers were examined.The results showed that the variation range of fiber taper angle for sapwood was smaller than that of heartwood.For different peeling methods resulted from the paralleled and oblique installation of the cutters,the change trend of fiber taper angle was stable although the taper angle resulted from the later installation way was smaller.The results of mechanical analysis showed that the MOR of the plywood and the LVL that made from the veneers peeled by the oblique cutter were higher than those peeled by paralleled cutter.No significant difference in the MOE of the plywood and LVL was found between these two methods.It was concluded that the oblique installation method could improve the quality of peeling products made from sapwood and improve the MOR of the LVL and plywood that made of these veneers.
引文
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[15]马岩,许琼晓,许世祥,等.小径木刨切单板纤维化处理设备整机结构设计[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(6):119-123.MA Y,XU Q X,XU S X,et al.The structural design of smalldiameter wood sliced veneer fibrosis treatment equipment[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2016,1(6):119-123.
[2]陈森锟,尹伟伦,刘晓东,等.修枝对欧美107杨木材生长量的短期影响[J].林业科学,2008,44(7):130-135.CHEN S K,YIN W L,LIU X D,et al.Short effects of pruning on growth of poplar(Populus×euramericana cv.‘74/76’)[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(7):130-135.
[3]李宝琦.桉树大径材良种中期选择与栽培试验研究[D].海口:海南大学,2010.LI B Q.Study on medium-term selection and cultivation of eucalyptus superior variety for large-diamter timber[D].Haikou:Hainan Univeresty,2010.
[4]吴义强,李新功,左迎峰,等﹒农林剩余物无机人造板研究进展[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(1):8-15.WU Y Q,LI X G,ZUO Y F,et al.Research status on the utilization of forest and agricultural biomass in inorganic wood-based panel[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2016,1(1):8-15.
[5]LONG Q,HIDEYUKI Y,SHIRO O.Optimum cutting tool locus in veneer cutting of sugi[J].Mokuzai Kogyo,2011,66(8):343-347.
[6]乔鹭婷,谢力生,唐子燊,等.人工林杉木层板分级及性能研究[J].林业工程学报,2017,2(1):41-45.QIAO L T,XIE L S,TANG Z S,et al.Study on the grading and property of plantation Chinese fir lamina[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2016,2(1):41-45.
[7]程瑞香,顾继友.间伐材和小径木的高效利用[J].建筑人造板,2001(4):30-32.CHENG R X,GU J Y.Effective utilization of thinning timber and small-diameter logs[J].Building Artificial Boards,2001(4):30-32.
[8]李荣荣,曹平祥,王浩,等.小径级杉木六棱柱体的制材工艺[J].木材工业,2013,27(5):13-16.LI R R,CAO P X,WANG H,et al.Hexagon-cut technology for small diameter Chinese fir[J].China Wood Industry,2013,27(5):13-16.
[9]张涛,任立军,于国英,等﹒一种新的旋切机结构设计[J].中国农机化,2012(6):131-134.ZHANG T,REN L J,YU G Y,et al.New feed components design for veneer lathe[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012(6):131-134.
[10]QING L,HIDEYUKI Y,SHIRO O.Optimum roundness of tool edge in veneer cutting of sugi[J].Mokuzai Kogyo,2010,65(3):113-118.
[11]SPELTER H,SLEET G.Potential reductions in plywood manufacturing costs resulting from improved technology[J].Forest Products Journal,1989,39(1):8-15.
[12]宋睿婷.液压单卡轴偏心旋切机的创新设计[J].林业机械与木工设备,2013,41(1):40-43.SONG R T.Innovative design of a hydraulic single-chuck eccentric veneer lathe[J].Forestry Machinery&Woodworking Equipment,2013,41(1):40-43.
[13]任世奇,罗建中,谢耀坚,等.桉木单板出材率与价值影响因子研究[J].桉树科技,2010,27(2):1-7.REN S Q,LUO J Z,XIE Y J,et al.Study on factors of influencing veneer recovery ratio and value of eucalypt wood[J].Eucalypt Science&Technology,2010,27(2):1-7.
[14]孙锋,周永东,贺志强,等.无卡轴旋切桉木单板出材率的研究[J].木材加工机械,2012(4):36-39.SUN F,ZHOU Y D,HE Z Q,et al.Study on veneer recovery of eucalypt log by spindle-less lathes[J].Wood Processing Machiney,2012(4):36-39.
[15]马岩,许琼晓,许世祥,等.小径木刨切单板纤维化处理设备整机结构设计[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(6):119-123.MA Y,XU Q X,XU S X,et al.The structural design of smalldiameter wood sliced veneer fibrosis treatment equipment[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2016,1(6):119-123.