世界奶业生产技术效率及其对中国的启示
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摘要
探讨如何提高生产效率以改善当前中国奶业发展中存在的成本高、单产低等问题。采用超越对数随机前沿生产函数分析方法,基于国际牧场联盟(IFCN)的数据,对全球55个国家158个代表性养殖户奶牛养殖的技术效率进行测算,并进一步分析提高技术效率的可能途径。当前全球的奶牛养殖业技术效率均值为0.81,其中,欧洲、北美洲、大洋洲奶牛养殖技术效率超过0.92,远高于亚洲、非洲以及南美洲。研究还发现,养殖规模与技术效率呈U型关系,小规模家庭养殖户与大规模奶牛场的技术效率均高于中等规模养殖户。此外,首次产乳的月龄、奶牛品种、国民收入水平、以及奶业发展水平均会影响奶牛养殖户的技术效率。建议因地制宜发展不同养殖模式、引进和培育优良品种的奶牛有助于提高我国奶牛养殖业的技术效率。
This paper discussed how to improve the production efficiency of China's diary industry,which is currently challenged by high production cost and low yield.It estimates the technical efficiency and its determinants by using 158 representative dairy cattle farmers from 55 countries,using a translog production function.Our results show that the average technical efficiency is 0. 81. In particular,dairy cattle farmers in Europe,North America,and Oceania have much higher technical efficiency( around 0. 92) than their counterparts in Asia,Africa,and South America. Moreover,a U-shape relationship is found between technical efficiency and herd size. It is also found that small and large dairy cattle farmers are more efficient than the middle-sized farmers. In addition,the age of first milking,breed of cow,national income,and development level of dairy industry are also associated with technical efficiency of dairy cattle farmers. Our study implies that developing different farming system based on farms' advantage and adopting high quality breed can improve the technical efficiency.
This paper discussed how to improve the production efficiency of China's diary industry,which is currently challenged by high production cost and low yield.It estimates the technical efficiency and its determinants by using 158 representative dairy cattle farmers from 55 countries,using a translog production function.Our results show that the average technical efficiency is 0. 81. In particular,dairy cattle farmers in Europe,North America,and Oceania have much higher technical efficiency( around 0. 92) than their counterparts in Asia,Africa,and South America. Moreover,a U-shape relationship is found between technical efficiency and herd size. It is also found that small and large dairy cattle farmers are more efficient than the middle-sized farmers. In addition,the age of first milking,breed of cow,national income,and development level of dairy industry are also associated with technical efficiency of dairy cattle farmers. Our study implies that developing different farming system based on farms' advantage and adopting high quality breed can improve the technical efficiency.
引文
[1]Xu Tian,Xiaohua Yu.Using semiparametric models to study nutrition improvement and dietary change with different indices:The case of China[J].Food Policy,2015(53):67-81.
[2]Xu Tian,Yingying Huang,Hui Wang.Deviation of Chinese adults’diet from the chinese food pagoda 2016 and its association with adiposity[J].Nutrients,2017,9(9):995.
[3]彭秀芬.中国原料奶的生产技术效率分析[J].农业技术经济,2008(6):23-29.
[4]张菲,卫龙宝.我国奶牛养殖规模与原料奶生产效率研究——基于DEA-Malmquist方法的实证[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(4):491-495.
[5]Mosheim R,Lovell C A K.Scale economies and inefficiency of U S dairy farms[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2009,91(3):777-794.
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[7]郜亮亮,李栋,刘玉满,等.中国奶牛不同养殖模式效率的随机前沿分析——来自7省50县监测数据的证据[J].中国农村观察,2015(3):64-73.
[8]杜凤莲,马慧峰,付红全.中国不同模式原料奶生产技术效率分析[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(4):486-490.
[9]曹暕,孙顶强,谭向勇.农户奶牛生产技术效率及影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2005(10):44-50.
[10]房风文,孔祥智.不同养殖方式下奶农的技术效率及其影响因素分析——基于呼和浩特市的调查和SFA方法应用[J].江汉论坛,2011(6):88-93.
[11]马恒运,唐华仓,Allan R.中国牛奶生产的全要素生产率分析[J].中国农村经济,2007(2):40-48.
[12]马恒运,王济民,刘威,等.我国原料奶生产TFP增长方式与效率改进——基于SDF与Malmquist方法的比较[J].农业技术经济,2011(8):18-25.
[13]何忠伟,韩啸,余洁,等.我国奶牛养殖户生产技术效率及影响因素分析——基于奶农微观层面[J].农业技术经济,2014(9):46-51.
[14]刘艺卓,崔计顺.从新西兰奶业发展经验看我国奶业现代化发展[J].中国奶牛,2015(2):35-36.
[15]李栋.中国奶牛养殖模式及其效率研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[16]栾敬东,施海波.发达国家牛奶生产配额政策及其启示[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(9):103-109,112.
[17]李栋,谷继承.澳大利亚奶业考察报告[J].中国奶牛,2014(2):49-52.
[18]班洪赟,周德,田旭.中国奶业发展情况分析:与世界主要奶业国家的比较[J].世界农业,2017(3):11-17.
[19]田旭,王善高.中国粮食生产环境效率及其影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2106-2116.
[20]Jondrow J,Lovell K C,Materov S I,et al.On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model[J].Journal of Econometrics,1982,19(2):233-238.
[21]Battese E,Bactese,Tim J.Prediction of firm-level technical efficiencies with a generalized frontier production function and panel data[J].Journal of Econometrics,1988,38(3):387-399.
[2]Xu Tian,Yingying Huang,Hui Wang.Deviation of Chinese adults’diet from the chinese food pagoda 2016 and its association with adiposity[J].Nutrients,2017,9(9):995.
[3]彭秀芬.中国原料奶的生产技术效率分析[J].农业技术经济,2008(6):23-29.
[4]张菲,卫龙宝.我国奶牛养殖规模与原料奶生产效率研究——基于DEA-Malmquist方法的实证[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(4):491-495.
[5]Mosheim R,Lovell C A K.Scale economies and inefficiency of U S dairy farms[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2009,91(3):777-794.
[6]吕杰,张洋.中国原料奶生产规模的技术效率及影响因素分析——基于新数据和随机前沿生产函数模型[J].农业经济,2013(9):105-107.
[7]郜亮亮,李栋,刘玉满,等.中国奶牛不同养殖模式效率的随机前沿分析——来自7省50县监测数据的证据[J].中国农村观察,2015(3):64-73.
[8]杜凤莲,马慧峰,付红全.中国不同模式原料奶生产技术效率分析[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(4):486-490.
[9]曹暕,孙顶强,谭向勇.农户奶牛生产技术效率及影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2005(10):44-50.
[10]房风文,孔祥智.不同养殖方式下奶农的技术效率及其影响因素分析——基于呼和浩特市的调查和SFA方法应用[J].江汉论坛,2011(6):88-93.
[11]马恒运,唐华仓,Allan R.中国牛奶生产的全要素生产率分析[J].中国农村经济,2007(2):40-48.
[12]马恒运,王济民,刘威,等.我国原料奶生产TFP增长方式与效率改进——基于SDF与Malmquist方法的比较[J].农业技术经济,2011(8):18-25.
[13]何忠伟,韩啸,余洁,等.我国奶牛养殖户生产技术效率及影响因素分析——基于奶农微观层面[J].农业技术经济,2014(9):46-51.
[14]刘艺卓,崔计顺.从新西兰奶业发展经验看我国奶业现代化发展[J].中国奶牛,2015(2):35-36.
[15]李栋.中国奶牛养殖模式及其效率研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[16]栾敬东,施海波.发达国家牛奶生产配额政策及其启示[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(9):103-109,112.
[17]李栋,谷继承.澳大利亚奶业考察报告[J].中国奶牛,2014(2):49-52.
[18]班洪赟,周德,田旭.中国奶业发展情况分析:与世界主要奶业国家的比较[J].世界农业,2017(3):11-17.
[19]田旭,王善高.中国粮食生产环境效率及其影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2106-2116.
[20]Jondrow J,Lovell K C,Materov S I,et al.On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model[J].Journal of Econometrics,1982,19(2):233-238.
[21]Battese E,Bactese,Tim J.Prediction of firm-level technical efficiencies with a generalized frontier production function and panel data[J].Journal of Econometrics,1988,38(3):387-399.
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