低温对草莓花芽分化的影响
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摘要
为研究低温对草莓花芽分化及开花结果的影响,以‘红颜’草莓为试材,进行夜间低温为11±2℃的处理。以常规管理的植株为对照(CK),设7月21日开始的4和6周(14和8h日照)及8月4日开始的2和4周等5个不同时长的夜间低温处理,进行花芽分化的形态学观察,记录始花期、盛花期、始熟期等物候期指标,测定定植后各阶段产量及果实品质,同时检测花分生组织特异基因FaAP1表达水平的变化情况。结果表明:4～6周的夜间低温处理使草莓的花芽分化平均提前24d,FaAP1的表达平均提前14d;始花期平均提前约13d、盛花期平均提前9d,始熟期平均提前15d,12月中旬之前的产量显著高于对照;低温处理对果实的可溶性固形物含量、果形指数和平均单果重等无明显影响。综上所述,北京地区‘红颜’草莓在定植前进行4～6周的夜间低温处理有利于花芽分化和开花结果的提前,使草莓能够提前半个月上市。
In order to study the effect of low temperature on the flower bud differentiation of strawberry,‘Benihope'strawberry was used as the experiment material.The night low temperature was 11±2℃.Plants grew under routine management were taken as the control(CK).Five different night low temperature treatments started on July 21 st for 4 or 6 weeks(short daylength and long daylength)and on August 4 th for 2 or 4 weeks were conducted.The morphological observation of flower bud differentiation was performed.Indicators such as flowering stage,flowering stage,and maturity stage were recorded.The yield and fruit quality were measured at each stage.At the same time,the expression level of FaAP1,a specific gene of flower meristem,was detected.The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of strawberry was advanced in an average of 24 din the 4-6 weeks night low temperature treatment,the initial flowering stage was advanced about 13 d,flourishing florescence time 9 d,and the initial bearing time was advanced around 15 d.The yield before mid-December was significantly higher than that of the control.The expression of FaAP1 was advanced in an average of 14 d.There was no significant effect on the soluble solids content,fruit shape index and average fruit weight of the fruit.In summary,night low temperature for 4-6 weeks before colonization can promote the flower bud differentiation,bloom and fruit bearing of strawberry,advance the fruit bearing,so that strawberries can be listed in advance two weeks to achieve the purpose of improving economic efficiency.
In order to study the effect of low temperature on the flower bud differentiation of strawberry,‘Benihope'strawberry was used as the experiment material.The night low temperature was 11±2℃.Plants grew under routine management were taken as the control(CK).Five different night low temperature treatments started on July 21 st for 4 or 6 weeks(short daylength and long daylength)and on August 4 th for 2 or 4 weeks were conducted.The morphological observation of flower bud differentiation was performed.Indicators such as flowering stage,flowering stage,and maturity stage were recorded.The yield and fruit quality were measured at each stage.At the same time,the expression level of FaAP1,a specific gene of flower meristem,was detected.The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of strawberry was advanced in an average of 24 din the 4-6 weeks night low temperature treatment,the initial flowering stage was advanced about 13 d,flourishing florescence time 9 d,and the initial bearing time was advanced around 15 d.The yield before mid-December was significantly higher than that of the control.The expression of FaAP1 was advanced in an average of 14 d.There was no significant effect on the soluble solids content,fruit shape index and average fruit weight of the fruit.In summary,night low temperature for 4-6 weeks before colonization can promote the flower bud differentiation,bloom and fruit bearing of strawberry,advance the fruit bearing,so that strawberries can be listed in advance two weeks to achieve the purpose of improving economic efficiency.
引文
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[3]初庆刚,曹玉芳,姜卓俊.超早熟栽培草莓花芽分化进程的扫描电镜观察[J].西北植物学报,2013(2):317-321Chu Q G,Cao Y F,Jiang Z J.SEM observations on flower bud differentiation of super prematurity cultivated strawberry[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalla Sinica,2013(2):317-321(in Chinese)
[4]赵密珍,王壮伟,钱亚明,袁骥,吴伟民.4个草莓品种低温短日照促成栽培试验[J].中国果树,2009(1):19-22Zhao M Z,Wang Z W,Qian Y M,Yuan J,Wu W M.Shortday low-temperature accelerated cultivation of four strawberry varieties[J].China Fruits,2009(1):19-22(in Chinese)
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[7]张勇,汤浩茹,罗娅,蒋豪.低温锻炼对草莓组培苗抗寒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008(1):325-329Zhang Y.Tang H R.Luo Y.Jiang H.Effects of coldhardening on freezing tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activities in plantlets of strawberry[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008(1):325-329(in Chinese)
[8]赵密珍,王桂霞,钱亚明.草莓种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006Zhao M Z,Wang G X,Qian Y M.Strawberry Germplasm Resource Description Specification and Data Standard[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006(in Chinese)
[9]孟昭清,闵观全.草莓[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:31Meng Z Q,Min G Q.Strawberry[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1988:31(in Chinese)
[10] Ssteby,Solhaug K A,Heide O M.Functional growth analysis of‘Sonata’strawberry plants grown under controlled temperature and daylength conditions[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016:26-33
[11]解振强.温度及育苗方式对草莓生长发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011Xie Z Q.Effects of temperature and raising seedling pattern on the growth and development of strawberry[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011(in Chinese)
[12] Coen E S,Meyerowitz E M.The war of the whorls:genetic interactions controlling flower development[J]. Nature,1991,353(6339):31-7
[13]唐璐璐,宋云澎,李交昆.花器官发育的分子机制研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(5):1063-1070Tang L L,Song Y P,Li J K.Advances on the molecular mechanism of floral organ development[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalla Sinica,2013,33(5):1063-1070(in Chinese)
[14] Pelaz S,TapiaLopez R,AlvarezBuylla E R,Yanofsky M F.Conversion of leaves into petals in Arabidopsis[J].Current Biology,2001,11:182-184
[15]刘翔,左开井,黎颖,许洁婷,陈雨,张飞,孙小芬,唐克轩.植物花器官发育模型及相关转录因子的研究[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2009,30(4):100-104Liu X,Zuo K J,Li Y,Xu J T,Chen Y,Zhang F,Sun X F,Tang K X.The advances in the model of floral organ development and the transcriptional factors related to flower development[J].Journal of Yangzhou University:Agricultural and Life Science Edition,2009,30(4):100-104(in Chinese)
[16] Mandel M A,Gustafson-Brown C,Savidge B,Yanofsky F.Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1[J].Nature,1992,360(6401):273
[17] Mouhu K,Hyt9nen T,Folta K,Rantanen M,Paulin L,Auvinen P,Elomaa P.Identification of flowering genes in strawberry,a perennial SD plant[J].Biogeochemistry.2009,9(9):122
[18]邹冬梅,刘月学,张志宏,李贺,马跃,代红艳.草莓AP1同源基因的克隆、表达及启动子分析[J].中国农业科学,2012(10):1972-1981Zou D M,Liu Y X,Zhang Z H,Li H,Ma Y,Dai H Y.Cloning,expression and promoter analysis of AP1homologus gene from strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2012(10):1972-1981(in Chinese)
[19]庞夫花,赵密珍,王钰,于红梅,夏瑾.‘宁玉’草莓花芽分化及其生化物质的变化[J].果树学报.2014(6):1117-1122Pang F H,Zhao M Z,Wang Y,Yu H M,Xia J.Studies on floral bud differentiation and biochemical changes of‘Ningyu’strawberry[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014(6):1117-1122(in Chinese)
[20]余红,马华升,方献平,来文国,余少华.草莓花芽分化机理及调控技术研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2011(1):58-61,67Yu H,Ma H S,Fang X P,Lai W G,Yu S H.Review on mechanism of strawberry flower bud differentiation and application of regulation techniques[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2011(1):58-61,67(in Chinese)
[21]张学明,陈玉波,侯佳贤,姚环宇,郑亚杰.草莓的花芽分化及其影响因素研究进展[J].吉林农业,2017,(21):85Zhang X M,Chen Y B,Hou J X,Yao H Y,Zheng Y J.Flower bud differentiation and its influencing factors in strawberry[J].Jilin Agriculture,2017(21):85(in Chinese)
[22]孙乃波.草莓花芽分化特性及影响因素的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006Sun N B.Study on flower bud differentiation characteristics and influencing factors in strawberry[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2006(in Chinese)
[23] Manakasem Y,Goodwin P B.Responses of dayneutral and Junebearing strawberries to temperature and daylength[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,2001,76(5):629-635
[24] Parcy F. Flowering:a time for integration[J]. The International Journal of Developmental Biology,2005,49(5-6):585-593
[25] Kaufmann K,Wellmer F,Muino J M,Ferrier T,Wuest S E,Kumar V,Serrano-Mislata A,Madueno F,Krajewski P,Meyerowitz E M, Angenent G C, Riechmann A L.Orchestration of floral initiation by APETALA1[J].Science,2010,328(5974):85-89
[26] Rantanen M,Kurokura T,Jiang P,Mouhu K,Hyt9nen T.Strawberry homologue of TERMINAL FLOWER1integrates photoperiod and temperature signals to inhibit flowering[J].The Plant Journal,2015,82(1):163-173
[27] Pelaz S,Gustafson-Brown C,Kohalmi S E,Crosby W L,Yanofsky M F.APETALA1and SEPALLATA3interact to promote flower development[J].The Plant Journal,2001,26:385-394
[2]张志宏,孙乃波,高秀岩,杜国栋,李贺.草莓花芽分化特性及提早花芽分化措施的研究[J].中国果树,2007(6):22-24Zhang Z H,Sun N B,Gao X Y,Du G D,Li H.Study on the differentiation characteristics of flower bud and measurements to advance flower bud differentiation in strawberry[J].China Fruits,2007(6):22-24(in Chinese)
[3]初庆刚,曹玉芳,姜卓俊.超早熟栽培草莓花芽分化进程的扫描电镜观察[J].西北植物学报,2013(2):317-321Chu Q G,Cao Y F,Jiang Z J.SEM observations on flower bud differentiation of super prematurity cultivated strawberry[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalla Sinica,2013(2):317-321(in Chinese)
[4]赵密珍,王壮伟,钱亚明,袁骥,吴伟民.4个草莓品种低温短日照促成栽培试验[J].中国果树,2009(1):19-22Zhao M Z,Wang Z W,Qian Y M,Yuan J,Wu W M.Shortday low-temperature accelerated cultivation of four strawberry varieties[J].China Fruits,2009(1):19-22(in Chinese)
[5]解振强,贾思振,王全智.低温处理对草莓光合特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2012(4):105-108Xie Z Q.Jia S Z.Wang Q Z.Effect of low temperature treatment on photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry[J].China South Fruits,2012(4):105-108(in Chinese)
[6]叶正文,森下正博,博美,铃木敏征.一季性草莓品种对低温短日成花诱导的反应[J].上海农业学报,1996(2):48-53Ye Z W,Morishita M.Tsuji H,Suzuki T.Study on response of June-bearing strawberry cultivars(Fragaria ananassa Duch)to short-day and low night temperature treatment for flower bud induction[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,1996(2):48-53(in Chinese)
[7]张勇,汤浩茹,罗娅,蒋豪.低温锻炼对草莓组培苗抗寒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008(1):325-329Zhang Y.Tang H R.Luo Y.Jiang H.Effects of coldhardening on freezing tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activities in plantlets of strawberry[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008(1):325-329(in Chinese)
[8]赵密珍,王桂霞,钱亚明.草莓种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006Zhao M Z,Wang G X,Qian Y M.Strawberry Germplasm Resource Description Specification and Data Standard[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006(in Chinese)
[9]孟昭清,闵观全.草莓[M].北京:农业出版社,1988:31Meng Z Q,Min G Q.Strawberry[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1988:31(in Chinese)
[10] Ssteby,Solhaug K A,Heide O M.Functional growth analysis of‘Sonata’strawberry plants grown under controlled temperature and daylength conditions[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016:26-33
[11]解振强.温度及育苗方式对草莓生长发育的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011Xie Z Q.Effects of temperature and raising seedling pattern on the growth and development of strawberry[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011(in Chinese)
[12] Coen E S,Meyerowitz E M.The war of the whorls:genetic interactions controlling flower development[J]. Nature,1991,353(6339):31-7
[13]唐璐璐,宋云澎,李交昆.花器官发育的分子机制研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(5):1063-1070Tang L L,Song Y P,Li J K.Advances on the molecular mechanism of floral organ development[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalla Sinica,2013,33(5):1063-1070(in Chinese)
[14] Pelaz S,TapiaLopez R,AlvarezBuylla E R,Yanofsky M F.Conversion of leaves into petals in Arabidopsis[J].Current Biology,2001,11:182-184
[15]刘翔,左开井,黎颖,许洁婷,陈雨,张飞,孙小芬,唐克轩.植物花器官发育模型及相关转录因子的研究[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2009,30(4):100-104Liu X,Zuo K J,Li Y,Xu J T,Chen Y,Zhang F,Sun X F,Tang K X.The advances in the model of floral organ development and the transcriptional factors related to flower development[J].Journal of Yangzhou University:Agricultural and Life Science Edition,2009,30(4):100-104(in Chinese)
[16] Mandel M A,Gustafson-Brown C,Savidge B,Yanofsky F.Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1[J].Nature,1992,360(6401):273
[17] Mouhu K,Hyt9nen T,Folta K,Rantanen M,Paulin L,Auvinen P,Elomaa P.Identification of flowering genes in strawberry,a perennial SD plant[J].Biogeochemistry.2009,9(9):122
[18]邹冬梅,刘月学,张志宏,李贺,马跃,代红艳.草莓AP1同源基因的克隆、表达及启动子分析[J].中国农业科学,2012(10):1972-1981Zou D M,Liu Y X,Zhang Z H,Li H,Ma Y,Dai H Y.Cloning,expression and promoter analysis of AP1homologus gene from strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2012(10):1972-1981(in Chinese)
[19]庞夫花,赵密珍,王钰,于红梅,夏瑾.‘宁玉’草莓花芽分化及其生化物质的变化[J].果树学报.2014(6):1117-1122Pang F H,Zhao M Z,Wang Y,Yu H M,Xia J.Studies on floral bud differentiation and biochemical changes of‘Ningyu’strawberry[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014(6):1117-1122(in Chinese)
[20]余红,马华升,方献平,来文国,余少华.草莓花芽分化机理及调控技术研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2011(1):58-61,67Yu H,Ma H S,Fang X P,Lai W G,Yu S H.Review on mechanism of strawberry flower bud differentiation and application of regulation techniques[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2011(1):58-61,67(in Chinese)
[21]张学明,陈玉波,侯佳贤,姚环宇,郑亚杰.草莓的花芽分化及其影响因素研究进展[J].吉林农业,2017,(21):85Zhang X M,Chen Y B,Hou J X,Yao H Y,Zheng Y J.Flower bud differentiation and its influencing factors in strawberry[J].Jilin Agriculture,2017(21):85(in Chinese)
[22]孙乃波.草莓花芽分化特性及影响因素的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006Sun N B.Study on flower bud differentiation characteristics and influencing factors in strawberry[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2006(in Chinese)
[23] Manakasem Y,Goodwin P B.Responses of dayneutral and Junebearing strawberries to temperature and daylength[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,2001,76(5):629-635
[24] Parcy F. Flowering:a time for integration[J]. The International Journal of Developmental Biology,2005,49(5-6):585-593
[25] Kaufmann K,Wellmer F,Muino J M,Ferrier T,Wuest S E,Kumar V,Serrano-Mislata A,Madueno F,Krajewski P,Meyerowitz E M, Angenent G C, Riechmann A L.Orchestration of floral initiation by APETALA1[J].Science,2010,328(5974):85-89
[26] Rantanen M,Kurokura T,Jiang P,Mouhu K,Hyt9nen T.Strawberry homologue of TERMINAL FLOWER1integrates photoperiod and temperature signals to inhibit flowering[J].The Plant Journal,2015,82(1):163-173
[27] Pelaz S,Gustafson-Brown C,Kohalmi S E,Crosby W L,Yanofsky M F.APETALA1and SEPALLATA3interact to promote flower development[J].The Plant Journal,2001,26:385-394
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