考虑二次回路暂态传变特性的单端组合测距算法及其应用
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摘要
故障点反射行波的准确辨识是单端行波测距的重要前提。由于现场中,故障测距装置必须通过由电流互感器、二次侧传输电缆以及二次侧负载组成的二次侧传变回路(简称二次回路)才能获得故障行波数据,因此必须首先分析二次回路的暂态传变特性。建立二次回路的暂态高频等效模型以及相应的传递函数,推导出二次侧行波波头衰减振荡的数学表达式,并通过数值计算的方法给出衰减振荡频率与二次侧传输电缆长度的关系。基于此,提出利用二进小波变换、Prony分解以及单端工频阻抗算法结合的单端组合测距方法;研发了相应的硬件装置,初步实现了现场的成功应用。该文的研究揭示了二次侧行波数据畸变的本质。同时,仿真结果和现场实际故障数据也验证了所提算法的精确性和实用性。
Identification and verification of the wave fronts is the precondition of single-ended travelling wave based fault location methods. The fault locators can obtain the data only from the secondary circuit which consists of the current transformer, the secondary cable and the secondary load. Therefore, transfer characteristics of the secondary circuit must be studied first. The high frequency model of the secondary circuit was built and the transfer function was obtained. The damped oscillation in the recorded traveling waves was explained. Based on the discovery, a single-ended fault location scheme involving an impedance fault location algorithm, the dyadic wavelet transform and Prony analysis was proposed in the paper. Relevant traveling wave fault locator was developed and implemented in a 220 k V substation. Recorded waveforms of a single-phase-to-ground fault has proved both the analysis and the location scheme. Abundant simulation results based on EMTP/ATP have also demonstrated the validity and improvement of the novel assembled single-ended fault location method.
Identification and verification of the wave fronts is the precondition of single-ended travelling wave based fault location methods. The fault locators can obtain the data only from the secondary circuit which consists of the current transformer, the secondary cable and the secondary load. Therefore, transfer characteristics of the secondary circuit must be studied first. The high frequency model of the secondary circuit was built and the transfer function was obtained. The damped oscillation in the recorded traveling waves was explained. Based on the discovery, a single-ended fault location scheme involving an impedance fault location algorithm, the dyadic wavelet transform and Prony analysis was proposed in the paper. Relevant traveling wave fault locator was developed and implemented in a 220 k V substation. Recorded waveforms of a single-phase-to-ground fault has proved both the analysis and the location scheme. Abundant simulation results based on EMTP/ATP have also demonstrated the validity and improvement of the novel assembled single-ended fault location method.
引文
[1]曾祥君,尹项根,林福昌,等.基于行波传感器的输电线路故障定位方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(6):43-47.Zeng Xiangjun,Yin Xianggen,Lin Fuchang,et al.Study on fault location for transmission lines based on the sensor of traveling-wave[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(6):43-47(in Chinese).
[2]Gale P F.Cable fault location by impulse current methods[C]//IEE proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1975,122(4):403-408.
[3]董新洲,葛耀中,徐丙垠.利用暂态电流行波的输电线路故障测距研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(04):77-81.Dong Xinzhou,Ge Yaozhong,Xu Bingyin.Research of fault location based on current travelling waves[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(04):77-81(in Chinese).
[4]覃剑,彭莉萍,王和春.基于小波变换技术的输电线路单端行波故障测距[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(19):62-65.Qin Jian,Peng Liping,Wang Hechun.Single terminal methods of traveling wave fault location in transmission line using wavelet transform[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(19):62-65(in Chinese).
[5]张广斌,束洪春,于继来,等.基于回路电流故障主导波头到达时差的输电线路故障测距[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(28):137-145.Zhang Guangbin,Shu Hongchun,Yu Jilai,et al.Traveling wave fault location for transmission lines based on arrival time difference of dominant fault induced current waves in closed loop circuit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(28):137-145(in Chinese).
[6]姜晟,舒乃秋,胡芳,等.基于小波变换的含噪声行波信号奇异点检测[J].电网技术,2004,28(10):59-62.Jiang Sheng,Shu Naiqiu,Hu Fang,et al.A wavelet transform based singularity detection of traveling waves signal containing noise[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(10):59-62(in Chinese).
[7]Jafarian P,Sanaye-Pasand M A.Traveling-wave-based protection technique using wavelet/PCA analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):588-599.
[8]李强.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的高压输电线路行波故障测距研究[D].江西:华东交通大学,2009.Li qiang.Study on fault location of high voltage transmission line based on Hilbert-Huang transform[D].Jiangxi:East China Jiao Tong University,2009(in Chinese).
[9]王绍部,舒乃秋,龚庆武,等.计及TA传变特性的输电线路行波故障定位研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2):88-92.Wang Shaobu,Shu Naiqiu,Gong Qingwu,et al.Study on traveling wave fault location reckoning with transfer characteristic of TA[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(2):88-92(in Chinese).
[10]Spoor D J,Zhu J,Nichols P.Filtering effects of substation secondary circuits on power system traveling wave transients[C]//Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Nanjing,2005:2360-2365.
[11]Spoor D,Jian G Z.Improved single-ended traveling-wave fault-location algorithm based on experience with conventional substation transducers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(3):1714-1720.
[12]王世勇.基于极化电流行波的方向比较式纵联保护研究[D].北京:清华大学,2011.Wang Shiyong.Studies on Diretional Comparison Pilot Protection based on Polarized current travelling wave[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2011(in Chinese).
[13]孙韬.传输线方程解析解的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.Sun Tao.Study on analytical solution of transmission line equations[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2005(in Chinese).
[14]吴维韩,张芳榴.电力系统过电压数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,27-31.Wu Weihan,Zhang Fangliu.Numerical calculation of power system over-voltage[M].Beijing:Science Press,1989,27-31(in Chinese).
[15]Kondrath N,Kazimierczuk M K.Bandwidth of current transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(6):2008-2016.
[16]Hai-Yan L,Zhu J G,Hui S Y R.Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(5):1105-1112.
[17]Poulichet P,Costa F,Laboure E.High-frequency modeling of a current transformer by finite-element simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(2):998-1007.
[18]Mallat S,Hwang W L.Singularity detection and processing with wavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-643.
[19]Kumaresan R,Feng Y.FIR prefiltering improves Prony's method[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1991,39(3):736-741.
[20]Xinzhou D,Yaozhong G,Jiali H.Surge impedance relay[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):1247-1256.
[21]Bin W,Xinzhou D,Lan L,et al.Novel location algorithm for single-line-to-ground faults in transmission line with distributed parameters[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2013,7(6):560-566.
[22]许飞,董新洲,王宾,等.新型输电线路单端电气量组合故障测距方法及其试验研究[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):37-42.Xu Fei,Dong Xinzhou Wang Bin,et al.Combined single-end fault locating method of transmission line and its experiment[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):37-42(in Chinese).
[2]Gale P F.Cable fault location by impulse current methods[C]//IEE proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1975,122(4):403-408.
[3]董新洲,葛耀中,徐丙垠.利用暂态电流行波的输电线路故障测距研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(04):77-81.Dong Xinzhou,Ge Yaozhong,Xu Bingyin.Research of fault location based on current travelling waves[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(04):77-81(in Chinese).
[4]覃剑,彭莉萍,王和春.基于小波变换技术的输电线路单端行波故障测距[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(19):62-65.Qin Jian,Peng Liping,Wang Hechun.Single terminal methods of traveling wave fault location in transmission line using wavelet transform[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(19):62-65(in Chinese).
[5]张广斌,束洪春,于继来,等.基于回路电流故障主导波头到达时差的输电线路故障测距[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(28):137-145.Zhang Guangbin,Shu Hongchun,Yu Jilai,et al.Traveling wave fault location for transmission lines based on arrival time difference of dominant fault induced current waves in closed loop circuit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(28):137-145(in Chinese).
[6]姜晟,舒乃秋,胡芳,等.基于小波变换的含噪声行波信号奇异点检测[J].电网技术,2004,28(10):59-62.Jiang Sheng,Shu Naiqiu,Hu Fang,et al.A wavelet transform based singularity detection of traveling waves signal containing noise[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(10):59-62(in Chinese).
[7]Jafarian P,Sanaye-Pasand M A.Traveling-wave-based protection technique using wavelet/PCA analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):588-599.
[8]李强.基于希尔伯特-黄变换的高压输电线路行波故障测距研究[D].江西:华东交通大学,2009.Li qiang.Study on fault location of high voltage transmission line based on Hilbert-Huang transform[D].Jiangxi:East China Jiao Tong University,2009(in Chinese).
[9]王绍部,舒乃秋,龚庆武,等.计及TA传变特性的输电线路行波故障定位研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2):88-92.Wang Shaobu,Shu Naiqiu,Gong Qingwu,et al.Study on traveling wave fault location reckoning with transfer characteristic of TA[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(2):88-92(in Chinese).
[10]Spoor D J,Zhu J,Nichols P.Filtering effects of substation secondary circuits on power system traveling wave transients[C]//Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Nanjing,2005:2360-2365.
[11]Spoor D,Jian G Z.Improved single-ended traveling-wave fault-location algorithm based on experience with conventional substation transducers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(3):1714-1720.
[12]王世勇.基于极化电流行波的方向比较式纵联保护研究[D].北京:清华大学,2011.Wang Shiyong.Studies on Diretional Comparison Pilot Protection based on Polarized current travelling wave[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2011(in Chinese).
[13]孙韬.传输线方程解析解的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.Sun Tao.Study on analytical solution of transmission line equations[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2005(in Chinese).
[14]吴维韩,张芳榴.电力系统过电压数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,27-31.Wu Weihan,Zhang Fangliu.Numerical calculation of power system over-voltage[M].Beijing:Science Press,1989,27-31(in Chinese).
[15]Kondrath N,Kazimierczuk M K.Bandwidth of current transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(6):2008-2016.
[16]Hai-Yan L,Zhu J G,Hui S Y R.Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(5):1105-1112.
[17]Poulichet P,Costa F,Laboure E.High-frequency modeling of a current transformer by finite-element simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(2):998-1007.
[18]Mallat S,Hwang W L.Singularity detection and processing with wavelets[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-643.
[19]Kumaresan R,Feng Y.FIR prefiltering improves Prony's method[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1991,39(3):736-741.
[20]Xinzhou D,Yaozhong G,Jiali H.Surge impedance relay[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):1247-1256.
[21]Bin W,Xinzhou D,Lan L,et al.Novel location algorithm for single-line-to-ground faults in transmission line with distributed parameters[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2013,7(6):560-566.
[22]许飞,董新洲,王宾,等.新型输电线路单端电气量组合故障测距方法及其试验研究[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):37-42.Xu Fei,Dong Xinzhou Wang Bin,et al.Combined single-end fault locating method of transmission line and its experiment[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):37-42(in Chinese).
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