基于定点形变资料获取断裂浅层倾向和倾角的方法研究——以唐山台为例
|
摘要
本文利用唐山地震台1978—2016年跨断层定点形变资料探究唐山地震台所跨断层的浅层倾向和倾角。首先,对形变资料进行数字滤波处理,消除原始观测数据中的非构造信息;其次,对数据精度进行评价,得出1997—2016年滤波后的形变数据年累计残差普遍较小、精度较高;最后,采用精度较高的形变数据计算SE和NW两倾向不同倾角下基线与水准和的累计残差分布,进而获取断层的浅层倾向和倾角。结果显示,依据跨断层定点形变资料获得唐山地震台所跨断层的浅层倾向为SE,倾角为89°,该结果与前人探槽剖面中断层产状相一致,反映出本文提出的基于长期跨断层定点形变资料通过数字滤波、数据精度评价来获取断裂浅层倾向和倾角的方法具有可行性,但本文所得反演结果与唐山地震台目前采用的断层倾向NW、倾角72°存在一定偏差。
Based on the data of the Tangshan seismic station during 1978-2016,shallow inclination and dip angle of the fault which crosses Tangshan seismic station were investigated.Firstly,eliminate non-geologic structure information by digital filtering;secondly,evaluate data precision and obtain that annual accumulated residual error of the filtered data from 1997 to2016 is generally small and accurate;finally,accumulated residual distribution of baselines and leveling lines are calculated with different dip angles by using these processed data,and the shallow fault inclination and dip angle are obtained. The results show that,according to the cross-fault deformation data of fixed-points,the inclination of shallow fault is SE and dip angle is 89°,which is consistent with the fault attitude in the previous exploration profiles,suggesting that the method proposed in this paper is feasible. However,our inversion result is partly different from the fault inclination NW and dip angle 72° adopted at present by Tangshan seismic station.
Based on the data of the Tangshan seismic station during 1978-2016,shallow inclination and dip angle of the fault which crosses Tangshan seismic station were investigated.Firstly,eliminate non-geologic structure information by digital filtering;secondly,evaluate data precision and obtain that annual accumulated residual error of the filtered data from 1997 to2016 is generally small and accurate;finally,accumulated residual distribution of baselines and leveling lines are calculated with different dip angles by using these processed data,and the shallow fault inclination and dip angle are obtained. The results show that,according to the cross-fault deformation data of fixed-points,the inclination of shallow fault is SE and dip angle is 89°,which is consistent with the fault attitude in the previous exploration profiles,suggesting that the method proposed in this paper is feasible. However,our inversion result is partly different from the fault inclination NW and dip angle 72° adopted at present by Tangshan seismic station.
引文
薄万举,谢觉民,罗三明.2001.前兆信息提取的一种新方法:斜率差信息法[J].地震学报,23(2):159–166.Bo W J,Xie J M,Luo S M.2001.A new method for precursory information extraction:Lope-difference information method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,23(2):159–166(in Chinese).
陈建国,吕文青,陈龙,马栋,张晶.2011.对利用跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层活动参数公式的改进[J].华北地震科学,29(4):34-37.Chen J C,LüW Q,Chen L,Ma D,Zhang J.2011.Improvement of the formula for calculating faulting parameters using data of base line measurement across faults and leveling[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,29(4):34-37(in Chinese).
陈运泰,林邦慧,王新华,黄立人,刘妙.1979.用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22(3):201-217.Chen Y T,Lin B H,Wang X H,Huang L R,Liu M.1979.A dislocation model of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976 from the inversion of geodetic data[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,22(3):201-217(in Chinese).
桂焜长,耿世昌.1987.值得再三思考的唐山地震构造[J].中国地震,3(增刊1):81-86.Gui K C,Geng S C.1987.Worth considering the seismo-structure of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,3(S1):81-86(in Chinese).
郭慧,江娃利,谢新生.2011.钻孔与探槽揭示1976年河北唐山MS7.8地震发震构造晚第四纪强震活动[J].中国科学:地球科学,41(7):1009-1028.Guo H,Jiang W L,Xie X S.2011.Late-Quaternary strong earthquakes on the seismogenic fault of the 1976 MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake,Hebei,as revealed by drilling and trenching[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(11):1696-1715.
郝书俭,李建华,于之水,储宝贵.1998.唐山地震发震构造的浅层地震探测[J].中国地震,14(4):78-84.Hao S J,Li J H,Yu Z S,Chu B G.1998.Shallow seismic exploration of the seismogenic structures of Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,14(4):78-84(in Chinese).
郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93-97.Hao S J,You H C.2001.A detailed detection of the Tangshan active fault using shallow seismic survey[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):93-97(in Chinese).
黄建平,石耀霖,李文静.2010.从跨断层短基线观测计算地应变的方法探讨:以唐山台地形变数据为例[J].地球物理学报,53(5):1118-1126.Huang J P,Shi Y L,Li W J.2010.Method of strain calculation based on the cross-fault short-baseline observation:Taking the Tangshan deformation data as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(5):1118-1126(in Chinese).
江在森,丁平,王双绪,刘文义.2001.中国西部大地形变监测与地震预测[M].北京:地震出版社:1-5.Jiang Z S,Ding P,Wang S X,Liu W Y.2001.Geodetic Deformation Monitoring and Earthquake Prediction in West China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:1-5(in Chinese).
焦青,范国胜.2007.河北文安地震前后首都圈跨断层位移的变化特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,27(6):17-21.Jiao Q,Fan G S.2007.On characteristics of fault-crossing displacement variation in capital area before and after Wenan earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(6):17-21(in Chinese).
刘启元,王峻,陈九辉,李顺成,郭飚.2007.1976年唐山大地震的孕震环境:密集地震台阵观测得到的结果[J].地学前缘,14(6):205-213.Liu Q Y,Wang J,Chen J H,Li S C,Guo B.2007.Seismogenic tectonic environment of 1976 great Tangshan earthquake:Results given by dense seismic array observations[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(6):205-213(in Chinese).
邱群.1976.1976年7月28日河北省唐山7.8级地震的发震背景及其活动性[J].地球物理学报,19(4):259-269.Qiu Q.1976.The background and seismic activity of the M=7.8 Tangshan earthquake,Hebei Province of July 28,1976[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,19(4):259-269(in Chinese).
苏琴,杨永林,郑兵,王双洪,李菲菲,刘冠中.2014.4·20芦山7.0级地震预测思路及过程回顾[J].地震地质,36(4):1077-1093.Su Q,Yang Y L,Zheng B,Wang S H,Li F F,Liu G Z.2014.A review of the thinking and process about prediction of Lushan M7.0 earthquake on April 20,2013[J].Seismology and Geology,36(4):1077-1093(in Chinese).
万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,王福昌,胡新亮,盛书中.2008.利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):793-804.Wan Y G,Shen Z K,Diao G L,Wang F C,Hu X L,Sheng S Z.2008.An algorithm of fault parameter determination using distribution of small earthquakes and parameters of regional stress field and its application to Tangshan earthquake sequence[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(3):793-804(in Chinese).
万永革.2012.数字信号处理的MATLAB实现[M].北京:科学出版社:217-256.Wan Y G.2012.MATLAB Implementation of Digital Signal Processing[M].Beijing:Science Press:217-256(in Chinese).
万永魁,沈军,于晓辉,戴训也,王雷,邵博,李祥.2014.北京平原区夏垫活动断裂滑动速率及古地震复发间隔[J].防灾科技学院学报,16(3):38-45.Wan Y K,Shen J,Yu X H,Dai X Y,Wang L,Shao B,Li X.2014.The slipping rates and ancient earthquake recurrence interval at Xiadian fault,Beijing plain[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention,16(3):38-45(in Chinese).
万永革,万永魁,靳志同,盛书中,刘兆才,杨帆,冯甜.2017.用形变资料反演1976唐山地震序列的破裂分布[J].地球物理学报,60(9):3387-3395.Wan Y G,Wan Y K,Jin Z T,Sheng S Z,Liu Z C,Yang F,Feng T.2017.Rupture distribution of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake sequence inverted from geodetic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(9):3378-3395.
王挺梅,李建平.1984.唐山大地震的重复间隔[J].地震地质,6(3):77-83.Wang T M,Li J P.1984.The recurrence intervals of the strong earthquakes in Tangshan[J].Seismology and Geology,6(3):77-83(in Chinese).
武艳强,黄立人,陈长云,朱爽,金涛,刘辛中.2016.1976年唐山MS7.8地震同震及现今形变特征[J].地震学报,38(4):609-617.Wu Y Q,Huang L R,Chen C Y,Zhu S,Jin T,Liu X Z.2016.Coseismic and contemporary deformation features of the MS7.8Tangshan earthquake in 1976[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,38(4):609-617(in Chinese).
谢觉民,王若柏,薄万举,华彩虹.1997.唐山地震后发震断层和周围地区的地壳形变[J].地震学报,19(5):487-492.Xie J M,Wang R B,Bo W J,Hua C H.1997.Crustal deformation of Tangshan fault and its surrounding areas after the MS7.8Tangshan earthquake in 1976[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,19(5):487-492(in Chinese).
尤惠川,徐锡伟,吴建平,何正勤.2002.唐山地震深浅构造关系研究[J].地震地质,24(4):571-582.You H C,Xu X W,Wu J P,He Z Q.2002.Study on the relationship between shallow and deep structures in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake area[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):571-582(in Chinese).
曾融生,陆涵行,丁志峰.1988.从地震折射和反射剖面结果讨论唐山地震成因[J].地球物理学报,31(4):383-398.Zeng R S,Lu H X,Ding Z F.1988.Seismic refraction and reflection profiling across Tangshan epicentral region and their implication to seismic processes[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,31(4):383-398(in Chinese).
张超.1981.跨断层位移测量与局部断层活动[J].地震,(5):24-25.Zhang C.1981.Displacement measurement and local fault activity across the fault[J].Earthquake,(5):24-25(in Chinese).
张超,沈军,赵江涛,周晨阳,李青.2014.北京平原夏垫断裂沉积旋回研究[J].防灾科技学院学报,16(2):49-57.Zhang C,Shen J,Zhao J T,Zhou C Y,Li Q.2014.Research on sedimentary cycles of Xiadian fault near Beijing[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention,16(2):49-57(in Chinese).
张晶,黎凯武,武艳强,李春光.2011.断层活动协调比在地震预测中的应用[J].地震,31(3):19-26.Zhang J,Li K W,Wu Y Q,Li C G.2011.Application of fault motion coordinate ratio in earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake,31(3):19-26(in Chinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,靳雅敏,杨懋源,刘万琴.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111-129.Zhang Z L,Li Q Z,Gu J C,Jin Y M,Yang M Y,Liu W Q.1980.The fracture processes of the Tangshan earthquake and its mechanical analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2(2):111-129(in Chinese).
周海涛,郭良迁,张立成.2009.唐山断裂现代活动性研究[J].华北地震科学,27(3):17-22.Zhou H T,Guo L Q,Zhang L C.2009.Study on modern activity of Tangshan fault[J].North China Earthquake Science,27(3):17-22(in Chinese).
周海涛,薄万举.2013.利用跨断层形变资料求解断层运动及断裂带应变方法研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,33(6):31-35.Zhou H T,Bo W J.2013.Research on method to solve fault movement and fault zone strain using cross-fault deformation data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,33(6):31-35(in Chinese).
周海涛,周伟,杜雪松,余敏,夏峰.2013.利用跨断层形变资料研究近期唐山断裂活动性[J].地震研究,36(7):286-291.Zhou H T,Zhou W,Du X S,Yu M,Xia F.2013.Researches on activities of the Tangshan fault with cross fault deformation data[J].Journal of Seismological Research,36(7):286-291(in Chinese).
周硕愚.1994.断层形变测量与地震预报[J].地壳形变与地震,14(4):90-97.Zhou S Y.1994.Fault deformation measurement and earthquake prediction[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,14(4):90-97(in Chinese).
Butler R,Stewart G S,Kanamori H.1979.The July 27,1976 Tangshan,China earthquake:A complex sequence of intraplate events[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,69(1):207-220.
陈建国,吕文青,陈龙,马栋,张晶.2011.对利用跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层活动参数公式的改进[J].华北地震科学,29(4):34-37.Chen J C,LüW Q,Chen L,Ma D,Zhang J.2011.Improvement of the formula for calculating faulting parameters using data of base line measurement across faults and leveling[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,29(4):34-37(in Chinese).
陈运泰,林邦慧,王新华,黄立人,刘妙.1979.用大地测量资料反演的1976年唐山地震的位错模式[J].地球物理学报,22(3):201-217.Chen Y T,Lin B H,Wang X H,Huang L R,Liu M.1979.A dislocation model of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976 from the inversion of geodetic data[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,22(3):201-217(in Chinese).
桂焜长,耿世昌.1987.值得再三思考的唐山地震构造[J].中国地震,3(增刊1):81-86.Gui K C,Geng S C.1987.Worth considering the seismo-structure of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,3(S1):81-86(in Chinese).
郭慧,江娃利,谢新生.2011.钻孔与探槽揭示1976年河北唐山MS7.8地震发震构造晚第四纪强震活动[J].中国科学:地球科学,41(7):1009-1028.Guo H,Jiang W L,Xie X S.2011.Late-Quaternary strong earthquakes on the seismogenic fault of the 1976 MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake,Hebei,as revealed by drilling and trenching[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(11):1696-1715.
郝书俭,李建华,于之水,储宝贵.1998.唐山地震发震构造的浅层地震探测[J].中国地震,14(4):78-84.Hao S J,Li J H,Yu Z S,Chu B G.1998.Shallow seismic exploration of the seismogenic structures of Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,14(4):78-84(in Chinese).
郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93-97.Hao S J,You H C.2001.A detailed detection of the Tangshan active fault using shallow seismic survey[J].Seismology and Geology,23(1):93-97(in Chinese).
黄建平,石耀霖,李文静.2010.从跨断层短基线观测计算地应变的方法探讨:以唐山台地形变数据为例[J].地球物理学报,53(5):1118-1126.Huang J P,Shi Y L,Li W J.2010.Method of strain calculation based on the cross-fault short-baseline observation:Taking the Tangshan deformation data as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(5):1118-1126(in Chinese).
江在森,丁平,王双绪,刘文义.2001.中国西部大地形变监测与地震预测[M].北京:地震出版社:1-5.Jiang Z S,Ding P,Wang S X,Liu W Y.2001.Geodetic Deformation Monitoring and Earthquake Prediction in West China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:1-5(in Chinese).
焦青,范国胜.2007.河北文安地震前后首都圈跨断层位移的变化特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,27(6):17-21.Jiao Q,Fan G S.2007.On characteristics of fault-crossing displacement variation in capital area before and after Wenan earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(6):17-21(in Chinese).
刘启元,王峻,陈九辉,李顺成,郭飚.2007.1976年唐山大地震的孕震环境:密集地震台阵观测得到的结果[J].地学前缘,14(6):205-213.Liu Q Y,Wang J,Chen J H,Li S C,Guo B.2007.Seismogenic tectonic environment of 1976 great Tangshan earthquake:Results given by dense seismic array observations[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(6):205-213(in Chinese).
邱群.1976.1976年7月28日河北省唐山7.8级地震的发震背景及其活动性[J].地球物理学报,19(4):259-269.Qiu Q.1976.The background and seismic activity of the M=7.8 Tangshan earthquake,Hebei Province of July 28,1976[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,19(4):259-269(in Chinese).
苏琴,杨永林,郑兵,王双洪,李菲菲,刘冠中.2014.4·20芦山7.0级地震预测思路及过程回顾[J].地震地质,36(4):1077-1093.Su Q,Yang Y L,Zheng B,Wang S H,Li F F,Liu G Z.2014.A review of the thinking and process about prediction of Lushan M7.0 earthquake on April 20,2013[J].Seismology and Geology,36(4):1077-1093(in Chinese).
万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,王福昌,胡新亮,盛书中.2008.利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):793-804.Wan Y G,Shen Z K,Diao G L,Wang F C,Hu X L,Sheng S Z.2008.An algorithm of fault parameter determination using distribution of small earthquakes and parameters of regional stress field and its application to Tangshan earthquake sequence[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(3):793-804(in Chinese).
万永革.2012.数字信号处理的MATLAB实现[M].北京:科学出版社:217-256.Wan Y G.2012.MATLAB Implementation of Digital Signal Processing[M].Beijing:Science Press:217-256(in Chinese).
万永魁,沈军,于晓辉,戴训也,王雷,邵博,李祥.2014.北京平原区夏垫活动断裂滑动速率及古地震复发间隔[J].防灾科技学院学报,16(3):38-45.Wan Y K,Shen J,Yu X H,Dai X Y,Wang L,Shao B,Li X.2014.The slipping rates and ancient earthquake recurrence interval at Xiadian fault,Beijing plain[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention,16(3):38-45(in Chinese).
万永革,万永魁,靳志同,盛书中,刘兆才,杨帆,冯甜.2017.用形变资料反演1976唐山地震序列的破裂分布[J].地球物理学报,60(9):3387-3395.Wan Y G,Wan Y K,Jin Z T,Sheng S Z,Liu Z C,Yang F,Feng T.2017.Rupture distribution of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake sequence inverted from geodetic data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(9):3378-3395.
王挺梅,李建平.1984.唐山大地震的重复间隔[J].地震地质,6(3):77-83.Wang T M,Li J P.1984.The recurrence intervals of the strong earthquakes in Tangshan[J].Seismology and Geology,6(3):77-83(in Chinese).
武艳强,黄立人,陈长云,朱爽,金涛,刘辛中.2016.1976年唐山MS7.8地震同震及现今形变特征[J].地震学报,38(4):609-617.Wu Y Q,Huang L R,Chen C Y,Zhu S,Jin T,Liu X Z.2016.Coseismic and contemporary deformation features of the MS7.8Tangshan earthquake in 1976[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,38(4):609-617(in Chinese).
谢觉民,王若柏,薄万举,华彩虹.1997.唐山地震后发震断层和周围地区的地壳形变[J].地震学报,19(5):487-492.Xie J M,Wang R B,Bo W J,Hua C H.1997.Crustal deformation of Tangshan fault and its surrounding areas after the MS7.8Tangshan earthquake in 1976[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,19(5):487-492(in Chinese).
尤惠川,徐锡伟,吴建平,何正勤.2002.唐山地震深浅构造关系研究[J].地震地质,24(4):571-582.You H C,Xu X W,Wu J P,He Z Q.2002.Study on the relationship between shallow and deep structures in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake area[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):571-582(in Chinese).
曾融生,陆涵行,丁志峰.1988.从地震折射和反射剖面结果讨论唐山地震成因[J].地球物理学报,31(4):383-398.Zeng R S,Lu H X,Ding Z F.1988.Seismic refraction and reflection profiling across Tangshan epicentral region and their implication to seismic processes[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,31(4):383-398(in Chinese).
张超.1981.跨断层位移测量与局部断层活动[J].地震,(5):24-25.Zhang C.1981.Displacement measurement and local fault activity across the fault[J].Earthquake,(5):24-25(in Chinese).
张超,沈军,赵江涛,周晨阳,李青.2014.北京平原夏垫断裂沉积旋回研究[J].防灾科技学院学报,16(2):49-57.Zhang C,Shen J,Zhao J T,Zhou C Y,Li Q.2014.Research on sedimentary cycles of Xiadian fault near Beijing[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention,16(2):49-57(in Chinese).
张晶,黎凯武,武艳强,李春光.2011.断层活动协调比在地震预测中的应用[J].地震,31(3):19-26.Zhang J,Li K W,Wu Y Q,Li C G.2011.Application of fault motion coordinate ratio in earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake,31(3):19-26(in Chinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继成,靳雅敏,杨懋源,刘万琴.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111-129.Zhang Z L,Li Q Z,Gu J C,Jin Y M,Yang M Y,Liu W Q.1980.The fracture processes of the Tangshan earthquake and its mechanical analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2(2):111-129(in Chinese).
周海涛,郭良迁,张立成.2009.唐山断裂现代活动性研究[J].华北地震科学,27(3):17-22.Zhou H T,Guo L Q,Zhang L C.2009.Study on modern activity of Tangshan fault[J].North China Earthquake Science,27(3):17-22(in Chinese).
周海涛,薄万举.2013.利用跨断层形变资料求解断层运动及断裂带应变方法研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,33(6):31-35.Zhou H T,Bo W J.2013.Research on method to solve fault movement and fault zone strain using cross-fault deformation data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,33(6):31-35(in Chinese).
周海涛,周伟,杜雪松,余敏,夏峰.2013.利用跨断层形变资料研究近期唐山断裂活动性[J].地震研究,36(7):286-291.Zhou H T,Zhou W,Du X S,Yu M,Xia F.2013.Researches on activities of the Tangshan fault with cross fault deformation data[J].Journal of Seismological Research,36(7):286-291(in Chinese).
周硕愚.1994.断层形变测量与地震预报[J].地壳形变与地震,14(4):90-97.Zhou S Y.1994.Fault deformation measurement and earthquake prediction[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,14(4):90-97(in Chinese).
Butler R,Stewart G S,Kanamori H.1979.The July 27,1976 Tangshan,China earthquake:A complex sequence of intraplate events[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,69(1):207-220.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |