不同防寒措施对葡萄越冬性的影响
|
摘要
以5年生欧亚种"早黑宝"葡萄为试材,以冬季不埋土为对照,设置7个防寒处理:树干涂白、茎干裹黑膜、保温棉包裹、基干套白膜、保温棉覆盖、玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜,研究不同防寒措施对葡萄根系附近土层温度的影响、枝条部分生理指标的变化和枝条生长情况,以期筛选出北方寒区塑料大棚内葡萄越冬最合适的防寒措施,促进葡萄种质资源的有效利用。结果表明:葡萄根际地下5 cm和20 cm处的土层温度变化强弱排序为玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜>保温棉覆盖>对照、茎干裹黑膜、保温带包裹、树干涂白、基干套白膜;采用抗寒性隶属函数法进行综合评价,防寒效果排序为茎干裹黑膜>玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜>保温带包裹>基干裹白膜>保温棉覆盖>对照>树干涂白;越冬后保温带包裹处理的葡萄萌芽率最高,枝条没有出现霉变现象,且萌芽整齐;综合经济成本考虑建议在北方冬季埋土区塑料大棚内以玉米秆20 cm+覆膜或铺黑地膜覆盖根系,以保温带或黑膜包裹枝条作为葡萄越冬防寒方法;露地栽培可使用保温被覆盖,具体覆盖所需厚度需依据实际各地区气候情况进一步研究。
The 5-year-old Eurasian species 'Zaoheibao' grape was used as a test material,not to bury soil as the control,and set up 7 treatments,trunk coated with white;stems wrapped in black film;wrapped with insulated cotton;backbone wrapped in white film;covered with insulated cotton;corn stalk 20 cm+covered;laying black plastic film,the effects of different cold-proof measures on the temperature of the soil layer near the grape root system,the changes of some physiological indexes of shoots and the growth of shoots were studied.The results showed that the temperature changes of the soil layer below the root depth of 5 cm and 20 cm underground were ranked as follows,corn stalk 20 cm+film covered,laying black plastic film>covered with insulated cotton>control,stems wrapped in black film,wrapped with insulated cotton,trunk coated white,backbone wrapped in white film.A comprehensive evaluation was performed using the cold-resistance membership function method.The cold-resistance effect was ranked as stems wrapped black film>corn stalk 20 cm+film covered,laying black plastic film>wrapped with insulated cotton>backbone wrapped in white film>covered with insulated cotton>control>trunk coated with white.After the winter,the germination rate of the grapes wrapped with insulated cotton was the highest,the shoots did not show mildew,and the shoots were neat.Considering the proposal,it is recommended to cover the roots with corn stalk 20 cm+covered with plastic film or covered with black plastic film on roots were suggested in plastic greenhouses in winter buried areas in the north.Open field cultivation were suggested to be covered with t insulated cotton,but it was necessary to further study according to the actual climate conditions in various regions.
The 5-year-old Eurasian species 'Zaoheibao' grape was used as a test material,not to bury soil as the control,and set up 7 treatments,trunk coated with white;stems wrapped in black film;wrapped with insulated cotton;backbone wrapped in white film;covered with insulated cotton;corn stalk 20 cm+covered;laying black plastic film,the effects of different cold-proof measures on the temperature of the soil layer near the grape root system,the changes of some physiological indexes of shoots and the growth of shoots were studied.The results showed that the temperature changes of the soil layer below the root depth of 5 cm and 20 cm underground were ranked as follows,corn stalk 20 cm+film covered,laying black plastic film>covered with insulated cotton>control,stems wrapped in black film,wrapped with insulated cotton,trunk coated white,backbone wrapped in white film.A comprehensive evaluation was performed using the cold-resistance membership function method.The cold-resistance effect was ranked as stems wrapped black film>corn stalk 20 cm+film covered,laying black plastic film>wrapped with insulated cotton>backbone wrapped in white film>covered with insulated cotton>control>trunk coated with white.After the winter,the germination rate of the grapes wrapped with insulated cotton was the highest,the shoots did not show mildew,and the shoots were neat.Considering the proposal,it is recommended to cover the roots with corn stalk 20 cm+covered with plastic film or covered with black plastic film on roots were suggested in plastic greenhouses in winter buried areas in the north.Open field cultivation were suggested to be covered with t insulated cotton,but it was necessary to further study according to the actual climate conditions in various regions.
引文
[1] 张玉星.果树栽培学各论[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2012:102-103.
[2] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.不同材料覆盖越冬对葡萄枝蔓及根系抗寒生理指标的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014(1):253-258.
[3] 李慧勇,梁志涛,宫英振,等.葡萄越冬防寒技术[J].现代农业科技,2015(15):103-105.
[4] 李文明,辛建攀,魏驰宇,等.植物抗寒性研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(12):6-11.
[5] 古丽孜叶·哈力克.不同鲜食葡萄抗寒特性的实验研究[J].南方农业,2017,11(6):116-118.
[6] 王雅琳,孙萍,李唯.8个葡萄品种抗寒性及生理指标相关性分析[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(8):34-40.
[7] 王秀梅,张云,朱甜甜,等.不同防寒措施对伊犁露地栽培甜樱桃生理特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2018(15):38-44.
[8] 尚成金,尚鹏.大同地区露地葡萄埋土防寒及出土技术[J].山西果树,2016(1):51.
[9] 胡秀艳,崔增平,崔著明.葡萄越冬防寒的几项有效措施[J].现代农业,2015(1):20.
[10] 李小方,张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:91-94,114-115,192-193.
[11] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:131-135.
[12] 张文娥,王飞,潘学军.应用隶属函数法综合评价葡萄种间抗寒性[J].果树学报,2007(6):849-853.
[13] GIBSON S I.Control of plant development and gene expression bysugar signaling[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2005,8(1):93-102.
[14] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.葡萄专用覆盖材料对红地球葡萄安全越冬防寒效果综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2011,228(6):214-218.
[15] 郭绍杰,李铭,李鹏程,等.几种保温覆盖材料对葡萄安全越冬效果的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(1):17-20.
[16] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.不同保温材料覆盖对戈壁地葡萄越冬温度的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(12):2838-2840.
[17] 孙鲁龙,宋伟,杜远鹏,等.简易覆盖对泰安地区酿酒葡萄园冬季土壤温湿度的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,202(4):14-18.
[18] MA Y Y,ZHANG Y L,SHAO H,et al.Differential physio-biochemical responses to cold stress of cold-tolerant and non-tolerant grapes (Vitis L.) from China[J].Journal of agronomy and crop science,2010,196(3):212-219.
[19] 吕春晶,孙凌俊,魏潇,等.可溶性糖与葡萄抗寒性的关系研究进展[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(4):50-53.
[20] 王依,靳娟,罗强勇,等.4个酿酒葡萄品种抗寒性的比较[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):612-619.
[21] 李妍琪,沈莉,简军全,等.葡萄砧木及杂种的抗寒性鉴定[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2017(3):26-30.
[22] ERSHADI A,KARIMI R,MAHDEI K N.Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates,proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2016,38(1):2.
[23] 卢精林,李丹,祁晓婷,等.低温胁迫对葡萄枝条抗寒性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(4):36-43.
[24] 王旺田,刘文瑜,姜寒玉,等.低温胁迫对葡萄幼苗渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国果树,2015(1):14-17.
[25] 陈淑丽.覆盖防寒对葡萄越冬性的影响[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2015:21-23.
[26] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.玻璃棉覆盖葡萄越冬安全性及影响因素研究[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(6):136-137.
[27] 陈淑丽,刘俊,张东风,等.覆盖防寒措施对葡萄越冬温度、含水量及萌芽率的影响[J].河北林业科技,2015(4):19-22,34.
[2] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.不同材料覆盖越冬对葡萄枝蔓及根系抗寒生理指标的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014(1):253-258.
[3] 李慧勇,梁志涛,宫英振,等.葡萄越冬防寒技术[J].现代农业科技,2015(15):103-105.
[4] 李文明,辛建攀,魏驰宇,等.植物抗寒性研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(12):6-11.
[5] 古丽孜叶·哈力克.不同鲜食葡萄抗寒特性的实验研究[J].南方农业,2017,11(6):116-118.
[6] 王雅琳,孙萍,李唯.8个葡萄品种抗寒性及生理指标相关性分析[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(8):34-40.
[7] 王秀梅,张云,朱甜甜,等.不同防寒措施对伊犁露地栽培甜樱桃生理特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2018(15):38-44.
[8] 尚成金,尚鹏.大同地区露地葡萄埋土防寒及出土技术[J].山西果树,2016(1):51.
[9] 胡秀艳,崔增平,崔著明.葡萄越冬防寒的几项有效措施[J].现代农业,2015(1):20.
[10] 李小方,张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:91-94,114-115,192-193.
[11] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:131-135.
[12] 张文娥,王飞,潘学军.应用隶属函数法综合评价葡萄种间抗寒性[J].果树学报,2007(6):849-853.
[13] GIBSON S I.Control of plant development and gene expression bysugar signaling[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2005,8(1):93-102.
[14] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.葡萄专用覆盖材料对红地球葡萄安全越冬防寒效果综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2011,228(6):214-218.
[15] 郭绍杰,李铭,李鹏程,等.几种保温覆盖材料对葡萄安全越冬效果的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(1):17-20.
[16] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.不同保温材料覆盖对戈壁地葡萄越冬温度的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(12):2838-2840.
[17] 孙鲁龙,宋伟,杜远鹏,等.简易覆盖对泰安地区酿酒葡萄园冬季土壤温湿度的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,202(4):14-18.
[18] MA Y Y,ZHANG Y L,SHAO H,et al.Differential physio-biochemical responses to cold stress of cold-tolerant and non-tolerant grapes (Vitis L.) from China[J].Journal of agronomy and crop science,2010,196(3):212-219.
[19] 吕春晶,孙凌俊,魏潇,等.可溶性糖与葡萄抗寒性的关系研究进展[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(4):50-53.
[20] 王依,靳娟,罗强勇,等.4个酿酒葡萄品种抗寒性的比较[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):612-619.
[21] 李妍琪,沈莉,简军全,等.葡萄砧木及杂种的抗寒性鉴定[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2017(3):26-30.
[22] ERSHADI A,KARIMI R,MAHDEI K N.Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates,proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2016,38(1):2.
[23] 卢精林,李丹,祁晓婷,等.低温胁迫对葡萄枝条抗寒性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(4):36-43.
[24] 王旺田,刘文瑜,姜寒玉,等.低温胁迫对葡萄幼苗渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国果树,2015(1):14-17.
[25] 陈淑丽.覆盖防寒对葡萄越冬性的影响[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2015:21-23.
[26] 李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.玻璃棉覆盖葡萄越冬安全性及影响因素研究[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(6):136-137.
[27] 陈淑丽,刘俊,张东风,等.覆盖防寒措施对葡萄越冬温度、含水量及萌芽率的影响[J].河北林业科技,2015(4):19-22,34.