废黄河沉积记录中来自不同河流物质的信息——基于重矿物与地球化学元素分析
|
摘要
在全新世时间尺度内,沉积记录主要受控于沉积物供给、输运和堆积过程等因素。对废黄河沉积记录的深入分析可以反演黄河南流夺淮过程中沉积物的"源"-"汇"关系。基于废黄河故道沉积记录中重矿物和地球化学元素特征,并结合与现代黄河沉积物的对比,揭示废黄河沉积记录中物质来源的信息。结果表明,废黄河故道沉积物中重矿物平均含量为0.19%,种类多达15余种,以稳定矿物为主,不同矿物的时空变化差异较大。废黄河故道泥质和砂质沉积物中,地球化学元素表现出明显的时空变化规律,随深度递增元素含量可分为降低、稳定和增加趋势。对比现代黄河沉积物,发现废黄河故道沉积物中稳定和极稳定矿物相对含量较高,泥质沉积物中更多地富集Zn,Ni,Al,Ba,Cu,Li,K等元素。这一差异性反映出其它不同河流物质补给而产生的影响,淮河沉积物中重矿物和地球化学元素的研究为该论断提供了佐证。
On the Holocene temporal scale, the formation of sedimentary records are controlled mainly by sediment supply, transport and accumulation processes. Analysis of the sedimentary record of the abandoned Yellow River can reflect the sediment source to sink characteristics during the historical periods when the Yellow River shifted its course to the south. In the present contribution, the sediment source information contained in the deposits from the channel of the abandoned Yellow River representing different river catchments were discussed, on the basis of heavy mineral and geochemical analyses. The results show that there are more than 15 types of heavy minerals in the sediments of the abandoned Yellow River channel, with an average content of0.19%. They are dominated by stable minerals. The heavy minerals show different spatial and temporal variations in the sediment cores. In terms of geochemical characteristics, there are apparent spatial and temporal variations in the muddy and sandy sediments of the abandoned Yellow River. Three different downcore variation patterns are present, i.e. decrease, stable and increase trends. Compared with the contents of heavy minerals and geochemical elements in the modern Yellow River sediments, the contents of stable and extremely stable heavy minerals in the abandoned Yellow River channel are relatively high. Furthermore, a number of geochemical elements, such as Zn, Ni, Al, Ba, Cu, Li and K, are enriched in the mud sediments of the abandoned Yellow River. Such differences indicate the effects of material supply from different river catchments over the region, including the Huai River, which has its own distinct heavy mineral and geochemical features.
On the Holocene temporal scale, the formation of sedimentary records are controlled mainly by sediment supply, transport and accumulation processes. Analysis of the sedimentary record of the abandoned Yellow River can reflect the sediment source to sink characteristics during the historical periods when the Yellow River shifted its course to the south. In the present contribution, the sediment source information contained in the deposits from the channel of the abandoned Yellow River representing different river catchments were discussed, on the basis of heavy mineral and geochemical analyses. The results show that there are more than 15 types of heavy minerals in the sediments of the abandoned Yellow River channel, with an average content of0.19%. They are dominated by stable minerals. The heavy minerals show different spatial and temporal variations in the sediment cores. In terms of geochemical characteristics, there are apparent spatial and temporal variations in the muddy and sandy sediments of the abandoned Yellow River. Three different downcore variation patterns are present, i.e. decrease, stable and increase trends. Compared with the contents of heavy minerals and geochemical elements in the modern Yellow River sediments, the contents of stable and extremely stable heavy minerals in the abandoned Yellow River channel are relatively high. Furthermore, a number of geochemical elements, such as Zn, Ni, Al, Ba, Cu, Li and K, are enriched in the mud sediments of the abandoned Yellow River. Such differences indicate the effects of material supply from different river catchments over the region, including the Huai River, which has its own distinct heavy mineral and geochemical features.
引文
[1]Nittrouer C A,Austin J A,Field M E,et al.(ed.).Continental margin sedimentation:from sediment transport to sequence stratigraphy(IAS Special Publication 37)[M].John Wiley,Chichester,2009,560.
[2]Mial A D.The geology of stratigraphic sequences(2nd ed)[M].Springer,Berlin,2010,522.
[3]高抒.中国东部陆架全新世沉积体系:过程-产物关系研究进展评述[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):845~855.
[4]Milliman J D,Farnsworth K L.River discharge to the coastal ocean-a global synthesis[M].Cambridge University Press,New York.2011.1.
[5]Weltje G J.Quantitative models of sediment generation and provenance:state of the art and future developments[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,280:4-20.
[6]Yang Z S,Liu J P.A unique Yellow River-derived distal sub-aqueous delta in the Yellow Sea.Marine Geology,2007,240(1),169-176.
[7]李元芳.废黄河三角洲的演变[J].地理研究,1991,10(4):29~39.
[8]张忍顺.苏北黄河三角洲及滨海平原的成陆过程[J].地理学报,1984,39(2):173~184.
[9]Gao S.Modeling the preservation potential of tidal flat sedimentary records,Jiangsu coast,eastern China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29:1927-1936.
[10]Liu J,Kong X H,Saito Y,et al.Subaqueous deltaic formation of the old yellow river(AD 1128~1855)on the western south yellow sea[J].Marine Geology,2013,344:19-33.
[11]叶青超.试论苏北废黄河三角洲的发育[J].地理学报,1986,41(2):112~122.
[12]李成治,李本川.苏北沿海暗沙成因的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1981,12(4):321~331.
[13]任美愕,史运良.黄河输沙及其对渤海、黄海沉积作用的影响[J].地理科学,1986,6(1):1~12.
[14]Wang Y,Aubrey D G.The characteristics of the China coastline[J].Continental Shelf Research,1987,7(4):329-349.
[15]高抒.废黄河口海岸侵蚀与对策[J].海岸工程,1989,8(1),37~42.
[16]朱诚,程鹏,卢春成,等.长江三角洲及苏北沿海地区7000年以来海岸线演变规律分析[J].地理科学,1996,16(3):207~213.
[17]张晓祥,王伟玮,严长清,等.南宋以来江苏海岸带历史海岸线时空演变研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(3):344~351.
[18]周良勇,陈斌,刘健,等.江苏废黄河口外夏季悬浮泥沙运动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6):17~24.
[19]Zhou L Y,Liu J,Saito Y,et al.Coastal erosion as a major sediment supplier to continental shelves:Example from the abandoned Old Huanghe(Yellow River)delta[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,82:43-59.
[20]夏非,张永战,王瑞发,等.苏北废黄河水下三角洲沉积范围研究述评[J].地理学报,2015,70(1):29~48
[21]赵一阳,李凤业,秦朝阳,等.试论南黄海中部泥的物源及成因[J].地球化学,1991,(2):112~117.
[22]孟宪伟,杜德文,王湘芹.南黄海表层沉积物物质来源的逐步判别分析[J].地质论评,2000,46(S1):269~273.
[23]王昆山,石学法,姜晓黎.南黄海沉积物的来源及分区:来自轻矿物的证据[J].科学通报,2001,46(S1):24~29.
[24]魏建伟,石学法,辛春英,等.南黄海粘土矿物分布特征及其指示意义[J].科学通报,2002,46(S1):30~33.
[25]沉积岩重矿物分离与鉴定方法标准[S].SY/T6336~1997~中外标准~HBBASE~1997~1.
[26]杨小刚,杜昕,姚亮.ICP~AES技术应用的研究进展[J].现代科学仪器,2012,3(6):139~144.
[27]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河现代表层沉积物元素组成及其示踪作用[J].自然科学进展,1999,9(10):930~937.
[28]Nechaev V P,Isphording W C.Heavy mineral assemblages of continental margins as indicators of plate-tectonic environments[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1993,63(6):1110-1117.
[29]Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(21):715-717.
[30]Bahlburg H,Dobrzinski N.A review of the Chemical Index of Alternation(CIA)and its application to the study of Neoproterozoic glacial deposits and climate transitions[J].Geological Society,London,Memoirs,2011,36:81-92.
[31]Huang J,Feng L J,Lu D B,et al.Multiple climate cooling prior to Sturtian glaciations:evidence from chemical index of alteration of sediments in South China[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:1-6.
[32]郑良烁.苏北兴化2孔晚中新世以来重矿物物源示踪研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.
[33]田衍,吴忠祥,张萍,等.淮河沉积物中21种无机元素环境标准样品的研制[J].理化检验-化学分册.2013,49:870~873.
[34]黄河.淮河中下游河道沉积物重金属元素分布特征研究[D].合肥:安徽理工大学,2005.
[2]Mial A D.The geology of stratigraphic sequences(2nd ed)[M].Springer,Berlin,2010,522.
[3]高抒.中国东部陆架全新世沉积体系:过程-产物关系研究进展评述[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):845~855.
[4]Milliman J D,Farnsworth K L.River discharge to the coastal ocean-a global synthesis[M].Cambridge University Press,New York.2011.1.
[5]Weltje G J.Quantitative models of sediment generation and provenance:state of the art and future developments[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,280:4-20.
[6]Yang Z S,Liu J P.A unique Yellow River-derived distal sub-aqueous delta in the Yellow Sea.Marine Geology,2007,240(1),169-176.
[7]李元芳.废黄河三角洲的演变[J].地理研究,1991,10(4):29~39.
[8]张忍顺.苏北黄河三角洲及滨海平原的成陆过程[J].地理学报,1984,39(2):173~184.
[9]Gao S.Modeling the preservation potential of tidal flat sedimentary records,Jiangsu coast,eastern China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29:1927-1936.
[10]Liu J,Kong X H,Saito Y,et al.Subaqueous deltaic formation of the old yellow river(AD 1128~1855)on the western south yellow sea[J].Marine Geology,2013,344:19-33.
[11]叶青超.试论苏北废黄河三角洲的发育[J].地理学报,1986,41(2):112~122.
[12]李成治,李本川.苏北沿海暗沙成因的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1981,12(4):321~331.
[13]任美愕,史运良.黄河输沙及其对渤海、黄海沉积作用的影响[J].地理科学,1986,6(1):1~12.
[14]Wang Y,Aubrey D G.The characteristics of the China coastline[J].Continental Shelf Research,1987,7(4):329-349.
[15]高抒.废黄河口海岸侵蚀与对策[J].海岸工程,1989,8(1),37~42.
[16]朱诚,程鹏,卢春成,等.长江三角洲及苏北沿海地区7000年以来海岸线演变规律分析[J].地理科学,1996,16(3):207~213.
[17]张晓祥,王伟玮,严长清,等.南宋以来江苏海岸带历史海岸线时空演变研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(3):344~351.
[18]周良勇,陈斌,刘健,等.江苏废黄河口外夏季悬浮泥沙运动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6):17~24.
[19]Zhou L Y,Liu J,Saito Y,et al.Coastal erosion as a major sediment supplier to continental shelves:Example from the abandoned Old Huanghe(Yellow River)delta[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,82:43-59.
[20]夏非,张永战,王瑞发,等.苏北废黄河水下三角洲沉积范围研究述评[J].地理学报,2015,70(1):29~48
[21]赵一阳,李凤业,秦朝阳,等.试论南黄海中部泥的物源及成因[J].地球化学,1991,(2):112~117.
[22]孟宪伟,杜德文,王湘芹.南黄海表层沉积物物质来源的逐步判别分析[J].地质论评,2000,46(S1):269~273.
[23]王昆山,石学法,姜晓黎.南黄海沉积物的来源及分区:来自轻矿物的证据[J].科学通报,2001,46(S1):24~29.
[24]魏建伟,石学法,辛春英,等.南黄海粘土矿物分布特征及其指示意义[J].科学通报,2002,46(S1):30~33.
[25]沉积岩重矿物分离与鉴定方法标准[S].SY/T6336~1997~中外标准~HBBASE~1997~1.
[26]杨小刚,杜昕,姚亮.ICP~AES技术应用的研究进展[J].现代科学仪器,2012,3(6):139~144.
[27]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河现代表层沉积物元素组成及其示踪作用[J].自然科学进展,1999,9(10):930~937.
[28]Nechaev V P,Isphording W C.Heavy mineral assemblages of continental margins as indicators of plate-tectonic environments[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1993,63(6):1110-1117.
[29]Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(21):715-717.
[30]Bahlburg H,Dobrzinski N.A review of the Chemical Index of Alternation(CIA)and its application to the study of Neoproterozoic glacial deposits and climate transitions[J].Geological Society,London,Memoirs,2011,36:81-92.
[31]Huang J,Feng L J,Lu D B,et al.Multiple climate cooling prior to Sturtian glaciations:evidence from chemical index of alteration of sediments in South China[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:1-6.
[32]郑良烁.苏北兴化2孔晚中新世以来重矿物物源示踪研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.
[33]田衍,吴忠祥,张萍,等.淮河沉积物中21种无机元素环境标准样品的研制[J].理化检验-化学分册.2013,49:870~873.
[34]黄河.淮河中下游河道沉积物重金属元素分布特征研究[D].合肥:安徽理工大学,2005.