露天边帮煤井工长壁综放开采工作面顶板压力计算
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摘要
受露天矿剥离和内排回填的影响,采用井工长壁采煤法回采露天矿边帮煤的采煤工作面的顶板结构、覆岩活动规律、矿山压力显现规律与常规井工矿井地层条件下的工作面相比存在显著差别,因此,顶板压力计算方法也需要根据露天矿边帮煤特殊的顶板覆岩结构特点和应力场环境进行理论和实验研究。以黑岱沟露天矿一采区西帮和南帮煤为研究对象,分析其边帮煤层顶板覆岩结构特点。对于经过内排回填,且剥离较多的低台阶处煤层仅保留较薄且强度较低的基岩顶板,其上覆盖厚层的松散排土。这种软弱薄基岩厚松散覆盖层的顶板本质上不存在关键层,露天矿台阶下保留的软弱薄基岩仅仅作为井工长壁工作面的直接顶提供有限的保护作用。由于厚层的松散排土载荷作用,软弱薄基岩的破碎也较为严重。按照传统的矿山压力理论,这种不存在关键层的软弱薄基岩厚覆盖层的顶板压力应当按照支架上方全部岩层重量进行计算。然而,根据相似材料实验结果显示,支架实际受压比其上方岩层重量小得多。实验证明在没有关键层的顶板岩层中仍然存在某种保护结构。根据实验观察和矿山压力理论分析,结合放矿理论,提出了软弱薄基岩厚覆盖层的椭球拱结构和直接顶自承能力相结合混合力学模型。在露天矿边帮下煤层还存在另一种未进行内排回填的薄基岩无覆盖层的顶板覆岩类型。对于这种顶板覆岩类型,提出了薄基岩无覆盖层的台阶式悬臂梁结构和直接顶自承能力的混合力学模型。本文总结了露天矿边帮煤层3种顶板覆岩类型,推导建立了露天边帮煤井工长壁开采工作面3种顶板结构条件下的顶板压力计算解析公式。按照软弱薄基岩厚覆盖层的椭球拱结构和直接顶自承能力相结合混合力学模型计算的顶板压力与相似材料实验结果相吻合。考虑了直接顶自承能力计算的顶板压力比传统不考虑直接顶自承能力的顶板压力小约14%。采用实验和理论分析方法,对露天边帮煤井工长壁工作面开采过程顶板垮落、覆岩活动,顶板压力计算等矿山压力问题进行了系统研究。
Under the influence of open-pit mine stripping and internal backfill,there is a significant difference between the roof structure,overburden rock activity law and mining press show rule in longwall mining face of open-pit slope mine,which is different from the conventional formation condition working face. Therefore,calculation method of roof pressure also needs to be studied theoretically and experimentally according to the special roof overburden structure characteristics and stress field environment of the open-pit mine slope coal. The west side slope and south side slope coal seam in heidaigou open pit No.1 mining area is research background. The characteristics of the side slope coal seam roof overburden structure are analyzed.The coal seam at the low open-pit bench is internal backfill,and the stripping is more.This thinner and lower strength bedrock roof is covered with massive loose dumping.There is essentially no key stratum in the roof of the thick loose overburden of the weak thin bedrock. The weak thin bedrock under the bench of open-pit mine only provides a limited protective effect as immediate roof of longwall mining face.The crushing of weak the thin bedrock is also more serious because of the thick loose dumping loading.According to the traditional underground pressure theory,the roof pressure calculation of the thick loose overburden of the weak thin bedrock with no key stratum should be calculated according to the weight of all rock stratum above the support.However,according to the experimental results of similar materials,the actual pressure of the support is much smaller than the weight of the rock stratum above it.Experiments show that some protective structures still exist in roof strata with no key stratum.Based on the experimental observation and the analysis of underground pressure theory,combined with drawing theory,a hybrid model of the thick loose overburden of weak thin bedrock is proposed.The model is composed of the ellipsoid arch structure and the self-stability of immediate roof.In the open-pit mine slope coal,there are also another with no internal backfill roof overburden types of thin bedrock without overburden.For this roof overburden type,a hybrid model of thin bedrock without overburden is proposed.The model is composed of step cantilever beam structure and the selfstability of immediate roof.This paper summarizes the types of three roof overburden in the open-pit slope coal,and deduces and establishes an analytical formula for calculation method of roof pressure under the condition of three roof structures in longwall mining face of open-pit slope mine.According to the hybrid model of the thick loose overburden of weak thin bedrock,that is,the roof pressure calculated by the hybrid mechanical model combining ellipsoid arch structure and the self-stability of immediate roof is consistent with the result of similar materials experiment.Considering the self-stability of immediate roof of the calculation of the roof pressure than the traditional do not consider the self-stability of immediate roof of the roof pressure is about 14% less.Using experimental and theoretical analysis methods,the problem of ground pressure,such as roof caving,overburden strata movement,roof pressure calculation and so on,is systematically studied in longwall mining face mining process of open-pit slope mine.
Under the influence of open-pit mine stripping and internal backfill,there is a significant difference between the roof structure,overburden rock activity law and mining press show rule in longwall mining face of open-pit slope mine,which is different from the conventional formation condition working face. Therefore,calculation method of roof pressure also needs to be studied theoretically and experimentally according to the special roof overburden structure characteristics and stress field environment of the open-pit mine slope coal. The west side slope and south side slope coal seam in heidaigou open pit No.1 mining area is research background. The characteristics of the side slope coal seam roof overburden structure are analyzed.The coal seam at the low open-pit bench is internal backfill,and the stripping is more.This thinner and lower strength bedrock roof is covered with massive loose dumping.There is essentially no key stratum in the roof of the thick loose overburden of the weak thin bedrock. The weak thin bedrock under the bench of open-pit mine only provides a limited protective effect as immediate roof of longwall mining face.The crushing of weak the thin bedrock is also more serious because of the thick loose dumping loading.According to the traditional underground pressure theory,the roof pressure calculation of the thick loose overburden of the weak thin bedrock with no key stratum should be calculated according to the weight of all rock stratum above the support.However,according to the experimental results of similar materials,the actual pressure of the support is much smaller than the weight of the rock stratum above it.Experiments show that some protective structures still exist in roof strata with no key stratum.Based on the experimental observation and the analysis of underground pressure theory,combined with drawing theory,a hybrid model of the thick loose overburden of weak thin bedrock is proposed.The model is composed of the ellipsoid arch structure and the self-stability of immediate roof.In the open-pit mine slope coal,there are also another with no internal backfill roof overburden types of thin bedrock without overburden.For this roof overburden type,a hybrid model of thin bedrock without overburden is proposed.The model is composed of step cantilever beam structure and the selfstability of immediate roof.This paper summarizes the types of three roof overburden in the open-pit slope coal,and deduces and establishes an analytical formula for calculation method of roof pressure under the condition of three roof structures in longwall mining face of open-pit slope mine.According to the hybrid model of the thick loose overburden of weak thin bedrock,that is,the roof pressure calculated by the hybrid mechanical model combining ellipsoid arch structure and the self-stability of immediate roof is consistent with the result of similar materials experiment.Considering the self-stability of immediate roof of the calculation of the roof pressure than the traditional do not consider the self-stability of immediate roof of the roof pressure is about 14% less.Using experimental and theoretical analysis methods,the problem of ground pressure,such as roof caving,overburden strata movement,roof pressure calculation and so on,is systematically studied in longwall mining face mining process of open-pit slope mine.
引文
[1]宋子岭,范军富,祁文辉.露天煤矿绿色开采技术与评价指标体系研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):350-358.SONG Ziling,FAN Junfu,QI Wenhui. Study on the surface coal mine green mining technology and appraising index system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):350-358.
[2]丁其乐.端帮压煤井工开采覆岩运动规律及控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.DING Qile. Overlying strata movement law and control of underground mining in end Slope[D].Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining,2017.
[3]王家臣,王蕾,郭尧.基于顶板与煤壁控制的支架阻力的确定[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1619-1624.WANG Jiachen,WANG Lei,GUO Yao. Determining the support capacity based on roof and coal wall control[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1619-1624.
[4]史元伟.采煤工作面围岩控制原理和技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.SHI Yuanwei.Mining coal working surface adjacent formation control principle and technology[M].Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.
[5](苏)奥尔洛夫(А.А.Орлов)著,芮素生译.机械化支架与顶板的相互作用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[6] PENG Syd S.Coal mine ground control(third edition)[M].John Wiley&Sons Inc,1978.
[7]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[8]宋振骐.实用矿山压力控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.
[9]侯忠杰.松散层下浅埋薄基岩煤层开采的模拟[J].陕西煤炭技术,1994(2):38-41,65.HOU Zhongjie. Under loose level shallow submersion thin bedrock coal bed mining simulation[J]. Shaanxi Coal Technology,1994(2):38-41,65.
[10]黄汉富.薄基岩综放采场覆岩结构运动与控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.HUANG Hanfu.Tectonic motion and control of overburden in thin bedrock fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[D]. Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining,2012.
[11]杜锋,白海波,黄汉富.薄基岩综放采场基本顶周期来压力学分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(3):362-369.DU Feng,BAI Haibo,HUANG Hanfu. Mechanical analysis of periodic weighting of main roof in langwall top coal caving face with thin bedrock roof[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(3):362-369.
[12]杜锋,白海波.薄基岩综放采场直接顶结构力学模型分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1331-1337.DU Feng,BAI Haibo.Mechanical analysis of immediate roof in fully mechanized top coal caving mining with thin bedrock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1331-1337.
[13]杜锋,郑金雷.薄基岩综放采场支架-围岩关系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(3):418-424.DU Feng,ZHENG Jinlei. Relationship between support and surrounding rock of fully-mechanized sublevel caving face with thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):418-424.
[14]南存全,李志鹏,姜聚宇.平朔井工二矿1103采面初次来压数值模拟分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(3):231-236.NAN Cunquan,LI Zhipeng,JIANG Juyu.Numerical simulation and analysis on initial pressure of working face 1103 in Pingshuo No.2subterranean coal mine[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2016,35(3):231-236.
[15]周亚博.黑岱沟露天矿首采区西端帮下煤层开采可行性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.ZHOU Yabo.Feasibility study on coal resources mining under west end slope of first mining area in heidaigou open pit coal Mine[D].Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining,2014.
[16]刘希亮.土力学原理[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2015.
[17]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[18]王东,姜聚宇,韩新平.褐煤露天矿端帮开采边坡支撑煤柱稳定性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(12):62-67.WANG Dong,JIANG Juyu,HAN Xinping. Stability of supporting coal pillar for slope highwall mined in lignite surface mine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(12):62-67.
[19]于永江,王来贵,赵娜.冲量及层理对煤块冲击韧度的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25(6):842-844.YU Yongjiang,WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na. Effect of impulse and bedding on i MPact toughness of coal[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2006,25(6):842-844.
[20]吕进国,王涛.深部开采逆断层对冲击地压的诱导机制[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):405-416.LJinguo,WANG Tao.Induction mechanisms of coal bumps caused by thrust faults during deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Societ,2018,43(2):405-416.
[21]徐云明.平朔井工二矿1103采面初次来压规律研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2014.XU Yunming.Study on the First weighting regularity of 1103 Working face in Pingshuo No.2 Subterranean Coal Mine[D].Fuxin:Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology,2014.
[22]朱建明,刘宪权,冯锦艳.露井联采下边坡稳定性及其边界参数优化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S2):3971-3977.ZHU Jianming,LIU Xianquan,FENG Jinyan.Study on slope stablity and optimization of boundary parameters under condition of combined open-undergroung ming[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3971-3977.
[23]吴剑平,朱建明,成新元.露井联采下边界参数优化的相似模拟研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(9):79-82.WU Jianping,ZHU Jianming,CHENG Xinyuan. Similar simulation research on optimization of boundary parameter under the condition of open-underground mining[J]. China Mining Magazine,2008,17(9):79-82.
[24]胡青峰,崔希民,袁德宝.厚煤层开采地表裂缝形成机理与危害性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):864-869.HU Qingfeng,CUI Ximin,YUAN Debao. Formation mechanism of surface cracks caused by thick seam mining and hazard analysis[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):864-869.
[2]丁其乐.端帮压煤井工开采覆岩运动规律及控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.DING Qile. Overlying strata movement law and control of underground mining in end Slope[D].Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining,2017.
[3]王家臣,王蕾,郭尧.基于顶板与煤壁控制的支架阻力的确定[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1619-1624.WANG Jiachen,WANG Lei,GUO Yao. Determining the support capacity based on roof and coal wall control[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1619-1624.
[4]史元伟.采煤工作面围岩控制原理和技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.SHI Yuanwei.Mining coal working surface adjacent formation control principle and technology[M].Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.
[5](苏)奥尔洛夫(А.А.Орлов)著,芮素生译.机械化支架与顶板的相互作用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[6] PENG Syd S.Coal mine ground control(third edition)[M].John Wiley&Sons Inc,1978.
[7]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[8]宋振骐.实用矿山压力控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.
[9]侯忠杰.松散层下浅埋薄基岩煤层开采的模拟[J].陕西煤炭技术,1994(2):38-41,65.HOU Zhongjie. Under loose level shallow submersion thin bedrock coal bed mining simulation[J]. Shaanxi Coal Technology,1994(2):38-41,65.
[10]黄汉富.薄基岩综放采场覆岩结构运动与控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.HUANG Hanfu.Tectonic motion and control of overburden in thin bedrock fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[D]. Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining,2012.
[11]杜锋,白海波,黄汉富.薄基岩综放采场基本顶周期来压力学分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(3):362-369.DU Feng,BAI Haibo,HUANG Hanfu. Mechanical analysis of periodic weighting of main roof in langwall top coal caving face with thin bedrock roof[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(3):362-369.
[12]杜锋,白海波.薄基岩综放采场直接顶结构力学模型分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1331-1337.DU Feng,BAI Haibo.Mechanical analysis of immediate roof in fully mechanized top coal caving mining with thin bedrock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1331-1337.
[13]杜锋,郑金雷.薄基岩综放采场支架-围岩关系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(3):418-424.DU Feng,ZHENG Jinlei. Relationship between support and surrounding rock of fully-mechanized sublevel caving face with thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(3):418-424.
[14]南存全,李志鹏,姜聚宇.平朔井工二矿1103采面初次来压数值模拟分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(3):231-236.NAN Cunquan,LI Zhipeng,JIANG Juyu.Numerical simulation and analysis on initial pressure of working face 1103 in Pingshuo No.2subterranean coal mine[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2016,35(3):231-236.
[15]周亚博.黑岱沟露天矿首采区西端帮下煤层开采可行性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.ZHOU Yabo.Feasibility study on coal resources mining under west end slope of first mining area in heidaigou open pit coal Mine[D].Xuzhou:Chinese University of Mining,2014.
[16]刘希亮.土力学原理[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2015.
[17]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[18]王东,姜聚宇,韩新平.褐煤露天矿端帮开采边坡支撑煤柱稳定性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(12):62-67.WANG Dong,JIANG Juyu,HAN Xinping. Stability of supporting coal pillar for slope highwall mined in lignite surface mine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(12):62-67.
[19]于永江,王来贵,赵娜.冲量及层理对煤块冲击韧度的影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25(6):842-844.YU Yongjiang,WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na. Effect of impulse and bedding on i MPact toughness of coal[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2006,25(6):842-844.
[20]吕进国,王涛.深部开采逆断层对冲击地压的诱导机制[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):405-416.LJinguo,WANG Tao.Induction mechanisms of coal bumps caused by thrust faults during deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Societ,2018,43(2):405-416.
[21]徐云明.平朔井工二矿1103采面初次来压规律研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2014.XU Yunming.Study on the First weighting regularity of 1103 Working face in Pingshuo No.2 Subterranean Coal Mine[D].Fuxin:Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology,2014.
[22]朱建明,刘宪权,冯锦艳.露井联采下边坡稳定性及其边界参数优化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S2):3971-3977.ZHU Jianming,LIU Xianquan,FENG Jinyan.Study on slope stablity and optimization of boundary parameters under condition of combined open-undergroung ming[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3971-3977.
[23]吴剑平,朱建明,成新元.露井联采下边界参数优化的相似模拟研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(9):79-82.WU Jianping,ZHU Jianming,CHENG Xinyuan. Similar simulation research on optimization of boundary parameter under the condition of open-underground mining[J]. China Mining Magazine,2008,17(9):79-82.
[24]胡青峰,崔希民,袁德宝.厚煤层开采地表裂缝形成机理与危害性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):864-869.HU Qingfeng,CUI Ximin,YUAN Debao. Formation mechanism of surface cracks caused by thick seam mining and hazard analysis[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):864-869.
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