基于统计学方法的地下水水质评价与成因分析——以齐齐哈尔市为例
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摘要
地下水是我国重要的饮用水源,分析其污染成因对于确保饮用水水质安全具有重要意义。以齐齐哈尔市为例,采用统计学方法,通过数据获取、评价指标筛选、水质评价、成因分析4个步骤进行地下水水质评价与污染成因分析。结果表明:齐齐哈尔市部分地区地下水水质极差,铁、锰是主要超标指标(GB/T 14848—2017《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类标准),且潜水铁、锰浓度超标相较承压水更为严重;铁浓度高值区主要分布在中心城区和泰来县,最大超标达54. 67倍,锰浓度高值区主要分布在中心城区、泰来县和克山县,最大超标达15. 40倍;地下水铁、锰浓度超标主要与原生地质条件有关,承压水铁、锰浓度超标还与该区地下水开采强度较大有关,铁浓度超标主要与地下水pH、有机质和氨氮浓度相关,锰浓度超标主要与地下水p H、溶解性离子浓度相关。
As an important drinking water source in China, the causes analysis of groundwater pollution is of great significance for ensuring the safety of drinking water quality. Taking Qiqihar City as an example, statistical methods were used to analyze groundwater quality and pollution causes through four steps: data acquisition, evaluation index screening, water quality evaluation and cause analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: the groundwater quality in some parts of Qiqihar City was very poor, mainly due to excessive concentration of iron and manganese( Class Ⅲ water quality of the Quality Standard of Underground Water( GB/T 14848-2017)), and the phenomenon of excessive iron and manganese of the submersible water were more serious than that of the confined water. The high value area of iron concentration was mainly distributed in the central city and Tailai County, with the maximum exceeding the standard by 54. 67 times. The high value area of manganese concentration was mainly distributed in the central city, Tailai County and Keshan County, with the maximum exceeding the standard by 15. 40 times. The concentration of iron and manganese exceeding the standard was mainly related to the original geological conditions,and iron and manganese in the confined water was also related to the high mining intensity of groundwater in the area. The excessive concentration of iron in the groundwater was mainly correlated to pH, organic matter and ammonia nitrogen concentration, while the concentration of manganese was mainly correlated to p H of the groundwater and the dissolved ions concentration.
As an important drinking water source in China, the causes analysis of groundwater pollution is of great significance for ensuring the safety of drinking water quality. Taking Qiqihar City as an example, statistical methods were used to analyze groundwater quality and pollution causes through four steps: data acquisition, evaluation index screening, water quality evaluation and cause analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: the groundwater quality in some parts of Qiqihar City was very poor, mainly due to excessive concentration of iron and manganese( Class Ⅲ water quality of the Quality Standard of Underground Water( GB/T 14848-2017)), and the phenomenon of excessive iron and manganese of the submersible water were more serious than that of the confined water. The high value area of iron concentration was mainly distributed in the central city and Tailai County, with the maximum exceeding the standard by 54. 67 times. The high value area of manganese concentration was mainly distributed in the central city, Tailai County and Keshan County, with the maximum exceeding the standard by 15. 40 times. The concentration of iron and manganese exceeding the standard was mainly related to the original geological conditions,and iron and manganese in the confined water was also related to the high mining intensity of groundwater in the area. The excessive concentration of iron in the groundwater was mainly correlated to pH, organic matter and ammonia nitrogen concentration, while the concentration of manganese was mainly correlated to p H of the groundwater and the dissolved ions concentration.
引文
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[13]刘秀杰,韩彦杰,刘丽敏.齐齐哈尔市地下水水质污染与保护[J].地下水,2007,29(4):107-108.
[14]李清林,战连生.齐齐哈尔市地下水铁、锰含量及分布[J].环境与健康杂志,1991(2):79.
[15]牛德江,张延春,康毅勤.齐齐哈尔市城郊区地下水污染原因初探[J].黑龙江环境通报,1994(2):32-34.
[16]雷万荣,唐春梅,江凌云.浅谈地下水中铁、锰质的迁移与富集规律[J].江西科学,2006,24(1):80-82.LEI W R,TANG C M,JIANG L Y.Discussion on iron and manganese transport and concentrate in underground water[J].Jiangxi Science,2006,24(1):80-82.
[17]胡玉福,邓良基,张世熔,等.四川盆地西缘浅层地下水铁、锰含量的空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):797-803.HU Y F,DENG L J,ZHANG S R,et al.Spatial variability of iron and manganese contents in shallow groundwater in the west of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(2):797-803.
[18]HOMONCIK S C,MACDONALD A M,HEAL K V,et al.Manganese concentrations in Scottish groundwater.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(12):2467-2473.
[19]KSHETRIMAYUM K S,HEGEU H.The state of toxicity and cause of elevated iron and manganese concentrations in surface water and groundwater around Naga Thrust of Assam-Arakan basin,Northeastern India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):604.
[20]郭高轩,侯泉林,许亮,等.北京潮白河冲洪积扇地下水水化学的分层分带特征[J].地球学报,2014(2):204-210.GUO G X,HOU Q L,XU L,et al.Delamination and zoning characteristics of quaternary groundwater in Chaobai alluvialproluvial fan,Beijing,based on hydrochemical analysis[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2014(2):204-210.
[21]杨丽芝,曲万龙,张勇,等.基于水化学组分和环境同位素信息探讨山东德州深层承压地下水起源[J].地球学报,2013(4):463-469.YANG L Z,QU W L,ZHANG Y,et al.A Discussion on deep groundwater origin of Dezhou in Shandong Province based on water chemical composition and environmental isotopic information[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2013(4):463-469.
[22]郭华明,倪萍,贾永锋,等.内蒙古河套盆地地表水-浅层地下水化学特征及成因[J].现代地质,2015(2):229-237.GUO H M,NI P,JIA Y F,et al.Characteristics and their causes of surface water-groundwater geochemistry in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia[J].Geoscience,2015(2):229-237.
[23]朱恒华,徐建国,王玮,等.鲁西南地区地下水锰的分布特征及其成因[J].山东国土资源,2015(3):54-57.ZHU H H,XU J G,WANG W,et al.Distribution characteristics and the origin of manganese in groundwater in Southwestern Shandong Province[J].Shandong Land and Resources,2015(3):54-57.
[24]HALIM M A,MAJUMDER R K,RASUL G,et al.Geochemical evaluation of arsenic and manganese in shallow groundwater and core sediment in Singair Upazila,Central Bangladesh[J].Arabian Journal for Science&Engineering,2014,39(7):5585-5601.
[25]CARRETERO S,KRUSE E.Iron and manganese content in groundwater on the northeastern coast of the Buenos Aires Province,Argentina[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(5):1983-1995.
[26]GUO H M,ZHANG D,WEN D G,et al.Arsenic mobilization in aquifers of the southwest Songnen basin,P.R.China:evidences from chemical and isotopic characteristics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,490:590-602.
[27]GA Y Q,WANG Y X,DUAN Y H,et al.Hydrogeochemistry and arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Jianghan Plain,central China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,138(3):81-93.
[2]生态环境部.2017中国生态环境状况公报[A/OL].(2018-05-22)[2019-03-10].http://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/zghjzkgb/lnzghjzkgb/201805/P020180531534645032372.pdf.
[3]李霄.齐齐哈尔市工业活动对区域浅层地下水动力场及化学场演化的影响研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.
[4]叶慧君,张瑞雪,吴攀,等.基于主成分分析的岩溶水水化学组成及影响因素研究:以贵州水城盆地为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):215-225.YE H J,ZHANG R X,WU P,et al.Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and surface water and their influencing factors based on principal component analysis:an example in the Shuicheng Basin of Guizhou[J].Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(2):215-225.
[5]宋日文.单因子评价法和改进的灰色关联度在水质评价中的应用[J].陕西水利,2018,212(3):109-113.SONG R W.Application of single factor evaluation method and improved grey correlation degree in the water quality evaluation[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2018,212(3):109-113.
[6]唐军,李娟,席北斗,等.基于危害性分级的地下水污染源分类识别方法[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(6):676-683.TANG J,LI J,XI B D,et al.Identification and classification methods of groundwater pollution sources based on hazard classification[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(6):676-683.
[7]李丽琴,谢新民,韩剑桥,等.面向可持续发展的水资源优化配置研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(1):15-18.LI L Q,XIE X M,HAN J Q,et al.Research on the sustainable development of the optimal allocation of water resources[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013(1):15-18.
[8]高翔,左锐,郭学茹,等.基于源解析的傍河水源地污染风险季节性变化特征分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4086-4095.GAO X,ZUO R,GUO X R,et al.Seasonal variation characteristics of pollution risk in a riverside source area based on source apportionment[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(9):4086-4095.
[9]COTZIAS G C.Manganese in health and disease[J].Physiological Reviews,1958,38(3):503-532.
[10]HOMONCIK S C,MACDONALD A M,HEAL K V,et al.Manganese concentrations in Scottish groundwater[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(12):2467-2473.
[11]李云山,许亚杰.齐齐哈尔市地下水中氮的化合物污染及危害[J].地下水,1995(1):34-36.
[12]李霄,林学钰,都基众,等.齐齐哈尔市潜水水化学演化规律分析[J].水利学报,2014,45(7):815-827.LI X,LIN X Y,DU J Z,et al.Analysis of hydrochemical evolution of phreatic water in Qiqihar City[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(7):815-827.
[13]刘秀杰,韩彦杰,刘丽敏.齐齐哈尔市地下水水质污染与保护[J].地下水,2007,29(4):107-108.
[14]李清林,战连生.齐齐哈尔市地下水铁、锰含量及分布[J].环境与健康杂志,1991(2):79.
[15]牛德江,张延春,康毅勤.齐齐哈尔市城郊区地下水污染原因初探[J].黑龙江环境通报,1994(2):32-34.
[16]雷万荣,唐春梅,江凌云.浅谈地下水中铁、锰质的迁移与富集规律[J].江西科学,2006,24(1):80-82.LEI W R,TANG C M,JIANG L Y.Discussion on iron and manganese transport and concentrate in underground water[J].Jiangxi Science,2006,24(1):80-82.
[17]胡玉福,邓良基,张世熔,等.四川盆地西缘浅层地下水铁、锰含量的空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):797-803.HU Y F,DENG L J,ZHANG S R,et al.Spatial variability of iron and manganese contents in shallow groundwater in the west of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(2):797-803.
[18]HOMONCIK S C,MACDONALD A M,HEAL K V,et al.Manganese concentrations in Scottish groundwater.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(12):2467-2473.
[19]KSHETRIMAYUM K S,HEGEU H.The state of toxicity and cause of elevated iron and manganese concentrations in surface water and groundwater around Naga Thrust of Assam-Arakan basin,Northeastern India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(7):604.
[20]郭高轩,侯泉林,许亮,等.北京潮白河冲洪积扇地下水水化学的分层分带特征[J].地球学报,2014(2):204-210.GUO G X,HOU Q L,XU L,et al.Delamination and zoning characteristics of quaternary groundwater in Chaobai alluvialproluvial fan,Beijing,based on hydrochemical analysis[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2014(2):204-210.
[21]杨丽芝,曲万龙,张勇,等.基于水化学组分和环境同位素信息探讨山东德州深层承压地下水起源[J].地球学报,2013(4):463-469.YANG L Z,QU W L,ZHANG Y,et al.A Discussion on deep groundwater origin of Dezhou in Shandong Province based on water chemical composition and environmental isotopic information[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2013(4):463-469.
[22]郭华明,倪萍,贾永锋,等.内蒙古河套盆地地表水-浅层地下水化学特征及成因[J].现代地质,2015(2):229-237.GUO H M,NI P,JIA Y F,et al.Characteristics and their causes of surface water-groundwater geochemistry in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia[J].Geoscience,2015(2):229-237.
[23]朱恒华,徐建国,王玮,等.鲁西南地区地下水锰的分布特征及其成因[J].山东国土资源,2015(3):54-57.ZHU H H,XU J G,WANG W,et al.Distribution characteristics and the origin of manganese in groundwater in Southwestern Shandong Province[J].Shandong Land and Resources,2015(3):54-57.
[24]HALIM M A,MAJUMDER R K,RASUL G,et al.Geochemical evaluation of arsenic and manganese in shallow groundwater and core sediment in Singair Upazila,Central Bangladesh[J].Arabian Journal for Science&Engineering,2014,39(7):5585-5601.
[25]CARRETERO S,KRUSE E.Iron and manganese content in groundwater on the northeastern coast of the Buenos Aires Province,Argentina[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(5):1983-1995.
[26]GUO H M,ZHANG D,WEN D G,et al.Arsenic mobilization in aquifers of the southwest Songnen basin,P.R.China:evidences from chemical and isotopic characteristics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,490:590-602.
[27]GA Y Q,WANG Y X,DUAN Y H,et al.Hydrogeochemistry and arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Jianghan Plain,central China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,138(3):81-93.