腔内影像技术指导支架内血栓预防及机制评价的研究进展
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摘要
冠状动脉支架内血栓是冠状动脉支架置入术后并发症之一,起病急,病死率高。近年来,以血管内超声及光学相干断层成像为代表的腔内影像技术发展迅速,广泛应用于临床。本文综述了腔内影像技术对支架内血栓预防及机制评价方面的研究进展。
Coronary stent thrombosis is a severe complication after coronary stent implantation and associated with acute onset and high mortality. In recent years,intravascular imaging like intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography is developing rapidly and widely applied to clinical practice. In this review,we summarize applications of intravascular imaging techniques on preventing and researching mechanisms of stent thrombosis.
Coronary stent thrombosis is a severe complication after coronary stent implantation and associated with acute onset and high mortality. In recent years,intravascular imaging like intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography is developing rapidly and widely applied to clinical practice. In this review,we summarize applications of intravascular imaging techniques on preventing and researching mechanisms of stent thrombosis.
引文
[1] Byrne RA,Serruys PW,Baumbach A,et al. Report of a European Society of Cardiology-European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions task force on the evaluation of coronary stents in Europe:executive summary[J]. Eur Heart J,2015,36(38):2608-2620. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehv203.
[2] Cutlip DE,Windecker S,Mehran R,et al. Clinical end points in coronary stent trials:a case for standardized definitions[J].Circulation,2007,115(17):2344-2351. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106. 685313.
[3] Takano M,Yamamoto M, Xie Y, et al. Serial long-term evaluation of neointimal stent coverage and thrombus after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation by use of coronary angioscopy[J]. Heart,2007,93(12):1533-1536. DOI:10. 1136/hrt.2007. 131714.
[4] Awata M,Kotani J, Uematsu M, et al. Serial angioscopic evidence of incomplete neointimal coverage after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation:comparison with bare-metal stents[J].Circulation,2007, 116(8):910-916. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 105. 609057.
[5] Parise H,Maehara A, Stone GW, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound versus angiographic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention in pre-drug-eluting stent era[J]. Am J Cardiol,2011,107(3):374-382. DOI:10. 1016/j. amjcard. 2010. 09. 030.
[6] Jang JS,Song YJ,Kang W,et al. Intravascular ultrasoundguided implantation of drug-eluting stents to improve outcome:a meta-analysis[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Interv,2014,7(3):233-243. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcin. 2013. 09. 013.
[7] Cook S,Wenaweser P, Togni M, et al. Incomplete stent apposition and very late stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation[J]. Circulation,2007,115(18):2426-2434.DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106. 658237.
[8] Uren NG,Schwarzacher SP,Metz JA,et al. Predictors and outcomes of stent thrombosis:an intravascular ultrasound registry[J]. Eur Heart J,2002,23(2):124-132. DOI:10. 1053/euhj. 2001. 2707.
[9] Roy P,Steinberg D H,Sushinsky S J,et al. The potential clinical utility of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents[J]. Eur Heart J,2008,29(15):1851-1857. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn249.
[10] Lee CW,Kang SJ,Park DW,et al. Intravascular ultrasound findings in patients with very late stent thrombosis after either drug-eluting or bare-metal stent implantation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2010,55(18):1936-1942. DOI:10. 1016/j. jacc.2009. 10. 077.
[11] Shan P,Mintz GS,Witzenbichler B,et al. Does calcium burden impact culprit lesion morphology and clinical results? An ADAPT-DES IVUS substudy[J]. Int J Cardiol,2017,248:97-102. DOI:10. 1016/j. ijcard. 2017. 08. 028.
[12] Fujii K,Carlier SG,Mintz GS,et al. Stent underexpansion and residual reference segment stenosis are related to stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation:an intravascular ultrasound study[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2005,45(7):995-998. DOI:10. 1016/j. jacc. 2004. 12. 066.
[13] Fuentes L,Gomez-Lara J,Salvatella N,et al. IVUS Findings in Late and Very Late Stent Thrombosis. A Comparison Between Bare-metal and Drug-eluting Stents[J]. Rev Esp Cardiol(Engl Ed),2018,71(5):335-343. DOI:10. 1016/j. rec. 2017.08. 001.
[14] Hassan AK, Bergheanu SC, Stijnen T, et al. Late stent malapposition risk is higher after drug-eluting stent compared with bare-metal stent implantation and associates with late stent thrombosis[J]. Eur Heart J,2010,31(10):1172-1180. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehn553.
[15] Morofuji T,Inaba S,Aisu H,et al. Heterogeneous Intravascular Ultrasound Findings of Stent Thrombosis[J]. Intern Med,2017,56(3):259-268. DOI:10. 2169/internalmedicine.56. 7093.
[16] Nakazawa G,Vorpahl M,Finn AV,et al. One step forward and two steps back with drug-eluting-stents:from preventing restenosis to causing late thrombosis and nouveau atherosclerosis[J].JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2009,2(5):625-628. DOI:10.1016/j. jcmg. 2009. 01. 011.
[17] Byrne RA,Joner M,Kastrati A. Stent thrombosis and restenosis:what have we learned and where are we going? The Andreas Gruntzig Lecture ESC 2014[J]. Eur Heart J,2015,36(47):3320-3331. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehv511.
[18] Yonetsu T, Kato K, Kim SJ, et al. Predictors for neoatherosclerosis:a retrospective observational study from the optical coherence tomography registry[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 2012, 5(5):660-666. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCIMAGING. 112. 976167.
[19] Moussa I,Di Mario C, Reimers B, et al. Subacute stent thrombosis in the era of intravascular ultrasound-guided coronary stenting without anticoagulation:frequency, predictors and clinical outcome[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,1997,29(1):6-12.DOI:10. 1016/S0735-1097(96)00452-4.
[20] Regar E,Ligthart J,Bruining N,et al. The diagnostic value of intracoronary optical coherence tomography[J]. Herz,2011,36(5):417-429. DOI:10. 1007/s00059-011-3487-7.
[21] Kubo T,Imanishi T,Kitabata H,et al. Comparison of vascular response after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation between patients with unstable and stable angina pectoris:a serial optical coherence tomography study[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2008,1(4):475-484. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcmg. 2008. 03. 012.
[22] Waksman R,Kitabata H,Prati F,et al. Intravascular ultrasound versus optical coherence tomography guidance[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2013,62(17 Suppl):S32-40. DOI:10. 1016/j.jacc. 2013. 08. 709.
[23] Tanigawa J,Barlis P,Di Mario C. Intravascular optical coherence tomography:optimisation of image acquisition and quantitative assessment of stent strut apposition[J]. EuroIntervention,2007,3(1):128-136.
[24] Shimamura K,Kubo T,Akasaka T,et al. Outcomes of everolimuseluting stent incomplete stent apposition:a serial optical coherence tomography analysis[J]. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,2015,16(1):23-28. DOI:10. 1093/ehjci/jeu174.
[25] Souteyrand G,Amabile N,Mangin L,et al. Mechanisms of stent thrombosis analysed by optical coherence tomography:insights from the national PESTO French registry[J]. Eur Heart J,2016,37(15):1208-1216. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehv711.
[26] Mauri L,O'malley A J, Popma J J,et al. Comparison of thrombosis and restenosis risk from stent length of sirolimuseluting stents versus bare metal stents[J]. Am J Cardiol,2005,95(10):1140-1145. DOI:10. 1016/j. amjcard. 2005.01. 039.
[27] Kubo T,Akasaka T,Shite J,et al. OCT compared with IVUS in a coronary lesion assessment:the OPUS-CLASS study[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2013,6(10):1095-1104. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcmg. 2013. 04. 014.
[28] Ali ZA,Maehara A,Genereux P, et al. Optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and with angiography to guide coronary stent implantation(ILUMIENⅢ:OPTIMIZE PCI):a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet,2016,388(10060):2618-2628. DOI:10. 1016/S0140-6736(16)31922-5.
[29] Adriaenssens T, Joner M, Godschalk TC, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients With Coronary Stent Thrombosis:A Report of the PRESTIGE Consortium(Prevention of Late Stent Thrombosis by an Interdisciplinary Global European Effort)[J]. Circulation,2017,136(11):1007-1021. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 117. 026788.
[30] Finn AV,Joner M,Nakazawa G,et al. Pathological correlates of late drug-eluting stent thrombosis:strut coverage as a marker of endothelialization[J]. Circulation,2007,115(18):2435-2441. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 107. 693739.
[31] Amabile N,Trouillet C, Meneveau N, et al. Mechanical abnormalities associated with first-and second-generation drugeluting stent thrombosis analyzed by optical coherence tomography in the national PESTO French registry[J]. Int J Cardiol,2017,227:161-165. DOI:10. 1016/j. ijcard. 2016. 11. 084.
[32] Kim BK,Kim JS,Park J,et al. Comparison of optical coherence tomographic assessment between first-and second-generation drug-eluting stents[J]. Yonsei Med J,2012,53(3):524-529.DOI:10. 3349/ymj. 2012. 53. 3. 524.
[33] Imanaka T,Fujii K,Hao H, et al. Ex vivo assessment of neointimal characteristics after drug-eluting stent implantation:Optical coherence tomography and histopathology validation study[J]. Int J Cardiol,2016,221:1043-1047. DOI:10. 1016/j.ijcard. 2016. 07. 110.
[34] Kang SJ,Lee CW,Song H,et al. OCT analysis in patients with very late stent thrombosis[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2013,6(6):695-703. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcmg. 2013. 02. 006.
[2] Cutlip DE,Windecker S,Mehran R,et al. Clinical end points in coronary stent trials:a case for standardized definitions[J].Circulation,2007,115(17):2344-2351. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106. 685313.
[3] Takano M,Yamamoto M, Xie Y, et al. Serial long-term evaluation of neointimal stent coverage and thrombus after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation by use of coronary angioscopy[J]. Heart,2007,93(12):1533-1536. DOI:10. 1136/hrt.2007. 131714.
[4] Awata M,Kotani J, Uematsu M, et al. Serial angioscopic evidence of incomplete neointimal coverage after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation:comparison with bare-metal stents[J].Circulation,2007, 116(8):910-916. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 105. 609057.
[5] Parise H,Maehara A, Stone GW, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound versus angiographic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention in pre-drug-eluting stent era[J]. Am J Cardiol,2011,107(3):374-382. DOI:10. 1016/j. amjcard. 2010. 09. 030.
[6] Jang JS,Song YJ,Kang W,et al. Intravascular ultrasoundguided implantation of drug-eluting stents to improve outcome:a meta-analysis[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Interv,2014,7(3):233-243. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcin. 2013. 09. 013.
[7] Cook S,Wenaweser P, Togni M, et al. Incomplete stent apposition and very late stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation[J]. Circulation,2007,115(18):2426-2434.DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106. 658237.
[8] Uren NG,Schwarzacher SP,Metz JA,et al. Predictors and outcomes of stent thrombosis:an intravascular ultrasound registry[J]. Eur Heart J,2002,23(2):124-132. DOI:10. 1053/euhj. 2001. 2707.
[9] Roy P,Steinberg D H,Sushinsky S J,et al. The potential clinical utility of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents[J]. Eur Heart J,2008,29(15):1851-1857. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn249.
[10] Lee CW,Kang SJ,Park DW,et al. Intravascular ultrasound findings in patients with very late stent thrombosis after either drug-eluting or bare-metal stent implantation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2010,55(18):1936-1942. DOI:10. 1016/j. jacc.2009. 10. 077.
[11] Shan P,Mintz GS,Witzenbichler B,et al. Does calcium burden impact culprit lesion morphology and clinical results? An ADAPT-DES IVUS substudy[J]. Int J Cardiol,2017,248:97-102. DOI:10. 1016/j. ijcard. 2017. 08. 028.
[12] Fujii K,Carlier SG,Mintz GS,et al. Stent underexpansion and residual reference segment stenosis are related to stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation:an intravascular ultrasound study[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2005,45(7):995-998. DOI:10. 1016/j. jacc. 2004. 12. 066.
[13] Fuentes L,Gomez-Lara J,Salvatella N,et al. IVUS Findings in Late and Very Late Stent Thrombosis. A Comparison Between Bare-metal and Drug-eluting Stents[J]. Rev Esp Cardiol(Engl Ed),2018,71(5):335-343. DOI:10. 1016/j. rec. 2017.08. 001.
[14] Hassan AK, Bergheanu SC, Stijnen T, et al. Late stent malapposition risk is higher after drug-eluting stent compared with bare-metal stent implantation and associates with late stent thrombosis[J]. Eur Heart J,2010,31(10):1172-1180. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehn553.
[15] Morofuji T,Inaba S,Aisu H,et al. Heterogeneous Intravascular Ultrasound Findings of Stent Thrombosis[J]. Intern Med,2017,56(3):259-268. DOI:10. 2169/internalmedicine.56. 7093.
[16] Nakazawa G,Vorpahl M,Finn AV,et al. One step forward and two steps back with drug-eluting-stents:from preventing restenosis to causing late thrombosis and nouveau atherosclerosis[J].JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2009,2(5):625-628. DOI:10.1016/j. jcmg. 2009. 01. 011.
[17] Byrne RA,Joner M,Kastrati A. Stent thrombosis and restenosis:what have we learned and where are we going? The Andreas Gruntzig Lecture ESC 2014[J]. Eur Heart J,2015,36(47):3320-3331. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehv511.
[18] Yonetsu T, Kato K, Kim SJ, et al. Predictors for neoatherosclerosis:a retrospective observational study from the optical coherence tomography registry[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 2012, 5(5):660-666. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCIMAGING. 112. 976167.
[19] Moussa I,Di Mario C, Reimers B, et al. Subacute stent thrombosis in the era of intravascular ultrasound-guided coronary stenting without anticoagulation:frequency, predictors and clinical outcome[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,1997,29(1):6-12.DOI:10. 1016/S0735-1097(96)00452-4.
[20] Regar E,Ligthart J,Bruining N,et al. The diagnostic value of intracoronary optical coherence tomography[J]. Herz,2011,36(5):417-429. DOI:10. 1007/s00059-011-3487-7.
[21] Kubo T,Imanishi T,Kitabata H,et al. Comparison of vascular response after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation between patients with unstable and stable angina pectoris:a serial optical coherence tomography study[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2008,1(4):475-484. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcmg. 2008. 03. 012.
[22] Waksman R,Kitabata H,Prati F,et al. Intravascular ultrasound versus optical coherence tomography guidance[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2013,62(17 Suppl):S32-40. DOI:10. 1016/j.jacc. 2013. 08. 709.
[23] Tanigawa J,Barlis P,Di Mario C. Intravascular optical coherence tomography:optimisation of image acquisition and quantitative assessment of stent strut apposition[J]. EuroIntervention,2007,3(1):128-136.
[24] Shimamura K,Kubo T,Akasaka T,et al. Outcomes of everolimuseluting stent incomplete stent apposition:a serial optical coherence tomography analysis[J]. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging,2015,16(1):23-28. DOI:10. 1093/ehjci/jeu174.
[25] Souteyrand G,Amabile N,Mangin L,et al. Mechanisms of stent thrombosis analysed by optical coherence tomography:insights from the national PESTO French registry[J]. Eur Heart J,2016,37(15):1208-1216. DOI:10. 1093/eurheartj/ehv711.
[26] Mauri L,O'malley A J, Popma J J,et al. Comparison of thrombosis and restenosis risk from stent length of sirolimuseluting stents versus bare metal stents[J]. Am J Cardiol,2005,95(10):1140-1145. DOI:10. 1016/j. amjcard. 2005.01. 039.
[27] Kubo T,Akasaka T,Shite J,et al. OCT compared with IVUS in a coronary lesion assessment:the OPUS-CLASS study[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2013,6(10):1095-1104. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcmg. 2013. 04. 014.
[28] Ali ZA,Maehara A,Genereux P, et al. Optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and with angiography to guide coronary stent implantation(ILUMIENⅢ:OPTIMIZE PCI):a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet,2016,388(10060):2618-2628. DOI:10. 1016/S0140-6736(16)31922-5.
[29] Adriaenssens T, Joner M, Godschalk TC, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients With Coronary Stent Thrombosis:A Report of the PRESTIGE Consortium(Prevention of Late Stent Thrombosis by an Interdisciplinary Global European Effort)[J]. Circulation,2017,136(11):1007-1021. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 117. 026788.
[30] Finn AV,Joner M,Nakazawa G,et al. Pathological correlates of late drug-eluting stent thrombosis:strut coverage as a marker of endothelialization[J]. Circulation,2007,115(18):2435-2441. DOI:10. 1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 107. 693739.
[31] Amabile N,Trouillet C, Meneveau N, et al. Mechanical abnormalities associated with first-and second-generation drugeluting stent thrombosis analyzed by optical coherence tomography in the national PESTO French registry[J]. Int J Cardiol,2017,227:161-165. DOI:10. 1016/j. ijcard. 2016. 11. 084.
[32] Kim BK,Kim JS,Park J,et al. Comparison of optical coherence tomographic assessment between first-and second-generation drug-eluting stents[J]. Yonsei Med J,2012,53(3):524-529.DOI:10. 3349/ymj. 2012. 53. 3. 524.
[33] Imanaka T,Fujii K,Hao H, et al. Ex vivo assessment of neointimal characteristics after drug-eluting stent implantation:Optical coherence tomography and histopathology validation study[J]. Int J Cardiol,2016,221:1043-1047. DOI:10. 1016/j.ijcard. 2016. 07. 110.
[34] Kang SJ,Lee CW,Song H,et al. OCT analysis in patients with very late stent thrombosis[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2013,6(6):695-703. DOI:10. 1016/j. jcmg. 2013. 02. 006.
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