山地油菜避灾高效栽培增产、提质及节本效应分析
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摘要
【目的】避开制约山地油菜生产的"五害",提高山地油菜的比较效益。【方法】采用避灾高效栽培与传统种植的同田对比试验研究。【结果】避灾高效栽培每667 m~2油菜籽产量为156.17 kg,比传统种植(96.52kg)增产65.65 kg,增幅72.53%;避灾高效栽培油菜每667 m~2产值为833.15元、成本为538.54元、纯收入为294.61元,传统种植产值为473.57元、成本为871.51元、纯收入为-397.94元,高效栽培比传统种植节约成本332.96元,产值增加359.58元,纯收入增加652.55元;避灾高效栽培的油菜籽粗脂肪含量提高2.87%,芥酸含量降低0.57%,硫甙含量降低6.24 μmol/g、降幅13.02%。【结论】该技术在节本效应、提升山地油菜产量及品质效果显著,经济效益可观,适宜在玉溪乃至整个云南山区推广应用。
【Objective】The study was conducted to avoid the "five harms" restricting the production of mountain rapeseed and improve the comparative benefit of mountain rapeseed.【Method】Comparative experimental study on disaster avoidance and efficient cultivation and traditional cultivation was conducted in the same field. 【Result】The yield per 667 m~2 of high-efficiency disaster avoidance cultivation was 156.17 kg,while that of traditional cultivation was 96.52 kg, with a yield increase of 65.65 kg and an increase rate of 72.53%. The output value of disaster avoidance and efficient cultivation was CNY 833.15, the cost was CNY 538.54 and the net income was CNY 294.61, while the output value of traditional cultivation was CNY 473.57, the cost was CNY 871.51 and the net income was CNY397.94. Compared with traditional cultivation, the cost was reduced by CNY 332.96, the output value was increased by CNY 359.58 and the net income was increased by CNY 652.55. The crude fat content of rapeseed could be increased by 2.87% in disaster avoidance and efficient cultivation, the content of erucic acid decreased by 0.57%, and the content of sulfuric glucoside decreased by 6.24 μmol/g, with a decrease rate of 13.02%.【Conclusion】This technology had remarkable effect in saving cost and improving yield and quality with considerable economic benefit.Therefore, it was suitable to be promoted and applied in Yuxi and even the whole mountainous area of Yunnan.
【Objective】The study was conducted to avoid the "five harms" restricting the production of mountain rapeseed and improve the comparative benefit of mountain rapeseed.【Method】Comparative experimental study on disaster avoidance and efficient cultivation and traditional cultivation was conducted in the same field. 【Result】The yield per 667 m~2 of high-efficiency disaster avoidance cultivation was 156.17 kg,while that of traditional cultivation was 96.52 kg, with a yield increase of 65.65 kg and an increase rate of 72.53%. The output value of disaster avoidance and efficient cultivation was CNY 833.15, the cost was CNY 538.54 and the net income was CNY 294.61, while the output value of traditional cultivation was CNY 473.57, the cost was CNY 871.51 and the net income was CNY397.94. Compared with traditional cultivation, the cost was reduced by CNY 332.96, the output value was increased by CNY 359.58 and the net income was increased by CNY 652.55. The crude fat content of rapeseed could be increased by 2.87% in disaster avoidance and efficient cultivation, the content of erucic acid decreased by 0.57%, and the content of sulfuric glucoside decreased by 6.24 μmol/g, with a decrease rate of 13.02%.【Conclusion】This technology had remarkable effect in saving cost and improving yield and quality with considerable economic benefit.Therefore, it was suitable to be promoted and applied in Yuxi and even the whole mountainous area of Yunnan.
引文
[1]胡新洲,杨进成,适秀安,刘坚坚,杨彦斌,安正云,李红彦,张云明.不同播期、密度和施肥量对山地油菜农艺性状和产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(10):17-22.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.10.003.HU X Z,YANG J C,KUO X A,LIU J J,YANG Y B,AN Z Y,LI HY,ZHANG Y M.Effects of different sowing date,planting density and fertilizer dosage on agronomic characters and yield of mountain rapeseed[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(10):17-22.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.10.003.
[2]杨进成,李顺德,刘坚坚,瞿观,安正云,伏红玉,胡新洲,李红彦.玉溪市油菜产业发展现状、问题与对策[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(21):181-183.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2011.21.020.YANG J C,LI S D,LIU J J,QU G,AN Z Y,FU H Y,HU X Z,LI H Y.Present situation,problem and countermeasure analysisof development of rape industry in Yuxi[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2011,38(21):181-183.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2011.21.020.
[3]杨进成,柏跃才,胡新洲,李红彦,李明芳,陈亮新,杨曜华,瞿观,普加富,刘坚坚,安正云,张钟.低纬高原山区暖冬年与冷冬年油菜品种稳定性和适应性对比分析[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(13):37-44.Yang J C,BAI Y C,HU X Z,LI H Y,LI M F,CHEN L X,YANGY H,QU G,PU J F,LIU J J,AN Z Y,ZHANG Z.Stability and adaptability of rapeseed cultivars to warm and cold winter in low altitude plateau mountainous area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(13):37-44.
[4]刘坚坚,周荣保,杨进成,张云明,瞿观,张劲梅,封军华,陈向东,史兰芬,李红彦,胡新洲,安正云.AMMI模型分析低纬高原山区油菜品种的农艺性状[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2412-2416.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2017.11.004.LIU J J,ZHOU R B,YANG J C,ZHANG Y M,QU G,ZHANG J M,FENG J H,CHEN X D,SHI L F,LI H Y,HU X Z,AN Z Y.Analysis of agronomic traits of main rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)varieties in low latitude mountain area using AMMI model[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(11):2412-2416.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2017.11.004.
[5]吴进明,高泉,杨进成,李雄平,吴森.玉溪市山地油菜避灾技术经济效益分析[J].现代农业科技,2013(6):305-306.WU J M,GAO Q,YANG J C,LI X P,WU S.Economic benefits analysis on avoiding disaster technology of mountain oil-seed rape in Yuxi[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2013.(6):305-306.
[6]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统:实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2010.TANG Q Y.DPS data processing system:Experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining[M].Version 2.Beijing:Science press,2010.
[7]康月琼,郝风,柴勇,杨俊英,黄永东,熊英,褚能明,余官平.油菜品质近红外检测模型建立的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):144-148.KANG Y Q,HAO F,CHAI Y,YANG J Y,HUANG Y D,XIONG Y,CHU N M,YU G P.Study on construction of determination model of rapeseed quality with near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(5):144-148.
[8]严丽霞,张青青,缪文彬,沈晓芳.近红外光谱分析技术在食用植物油分析检测中的应用[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(5):1521-1526.YAN L X,ZHANG Q Q,MIAO W B,SHEN X F.Research progress on analysis of edible vegetable oils using near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2017,8(5):1521-1526.
[9]李延莉,蒋美艳,江建霞,张俊英,周熙荣,孙超才,杨立勇.三种油菜品质近红外(NIRS)检测模型的创建[J].上海农业学报,2018,34(2):99-103.doi:10.15955/j.issn1000-3924.2018.02.19.LI Y L,JIANG M Y,JIANG J X,ZHANG J Y,ZHOU X R,SUNC C,YANG L Y.Construction of three kinds of determination model of rapeseed quality with near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2018,34(2):99-103.doi:10.15955/j.issn1000-3924.2018.02.19.
[10]符明联,魏生广,贺斌,和爱花,原小燕,余绍伟,雷元宽,李根泽.云南省油菜轻简化栽培模式及效益分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):199-204.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2011.02.010.FU M L,WEI S G,HE B,HE A H,YUAN X Y,YU S W,LEI YK,LI G Z.The mode and efficiency analysis of light and simple cultivation of rape in Yunnan[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2011,26(2):199-204.doi:10.3969/j.issn.10 04-390X(n).2011.02.010.
[11]田碧华,阮应刚.旱地油菜轻简化栽培高产攻关技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(4):28,31.TIAN B H,RUAN Y G.Light and simplified cultivation and high yield tackling technology of dry rape[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2017(4):28,31.
[12]贺斌.滇西南油菜轻简化油菜栽培模式筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(17):48-49,64.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.17.014.HE B.Screening of the light and simplified cultivation mode for rapeseed in southwestern Yunnan[J].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(17):48-49,64.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.17.014.
[13]冯文豪,冯泽蔚.贵州油菜轻简栽培技术研究应用现状及发展策略初探[J].耕作与栽培,2016(2):48-50.doi:10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2016.02.019.FENG W H,FENG Z W.The preliminary Discussion of research and application status of light and simple cultivation technology of rape in Guizhou and its development strategy[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2016(2):48-50.doi:10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2016.02.019.
[14]何平,张琼,赵林,贾华生.无人机喷施特福力对油菜蚜虫的防控效果及蜜蜂安全性试验[J].云南农业,2018(8):77-79.HE P,ZHANG Q,ZHAO L,JIA H S.Control effect and bee safety of aphids in rapeseed by spraying sulfoxaflor with unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Yunnan Agriculture,2018(8):77-79.
[15]王斌,袁洪印.无人机喷药技术发展现状与趋势[J].农业与技术,2016,36(7):59-62.WANG B,YUAN H Y.Development status and trend of unmanned aerial vehicle spray technology[J].Agriculture and technology,2016,36(7):59-62.
[16]欧阳敦军,文超,易苏丹,陈水彬,陈新华.油菜全程机械化生产技术集成[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(15):3829-3832,3837.doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.15.006.OUYANG D J,WEN C,YI S D,CHEN S B,CHEN X H.Technology integration of completely mechanical production on oil seed rape.[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(15):3829-3832,3837.doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.15.006.
[17]薛大忠,左青松,杨艳芹.淮北地区油菜全程机械化生产关键技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(7):28,30.XUE D Z,ZUO Q S,YANG Y Q.Key technology of whole-course mechanized rapeseed production in Huaibei region[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2017(7):28,30.
[18]翟英,谌国鹏,王虎军.陕南油菜机械化生产现状及关键技术[J].陕西农业科学,2016,62(7):126-128.ZHAI Y,CHEN G P,WANG H J.Mechanized production status and key technologies of rape in southern Shaanxi[J].Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences,2016,62(7):126-128.
[19]汪德义,黄泽群,宋红兵,郭涛.陕南油菜全程机械化品种筛选及配套技术集成[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(1):102-104.WANG D Y,HUANG Z Q,SONG H B,GUO T.Selection of fully mechanized rape varieties and integration of supporting technologies in southern shaanxi[J].Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences,2018,64(1):102-104.
[20]胡新洲,杨进成,安正云,李红彦,刘坚坚,施立安,张玉荣,李祥,李艳兰.玉溪市油菜新品种比较试验研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(34):21-23.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.34.008.HU X Z,YANG J C,AN Z Y,LI H Y,LIU J J,SHI L A,ZHANG YR,LI X,LI Y L.Comparative experimental study on new varieties of rapeseed in Yuxi[J].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(34):21-23.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.34.008.
[2]杨进成,李顺德,刘坚坚,瞿观,安正云,伏红玉,胡新洲,李红彦.玉溪市油菜产业发展现状、问题与对策[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(21):181-183.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2011.21.020.YANG J C,LI S D,LIU J J,QU G,AN Z Y,FU H Y,HU X Z,LI H Y.Present situation,problem and countermeasure analysisof development of rape industry in Yuxi[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2011,38(21):181-183.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2011.21.020.
[3]杨进成,柏跃才,胡新洲,李红彦,李明芳,陈亮新,杨曜华,瞿观,普加富,刘坚坚,安正云,张钟.低纬高原山区暖冬年与冷冬年油菜品种稳定性和适应性对比分析[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(13):37-44.Yang J C,BAI Y C,HU X Z,LI H Y,LI M F,CHEN L X,YANGY H,QU G,PU J F,LIU J J,AN Z Y,ZHANG Z.Stability and adaptability of rapeseed cultivars to warm and cold winter in low altitude plateau mountainous area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(13):37-44.
[4]刘坚坚,周荣保,杨进成,张云明,瞿观,张劲梅,封军华,陈向东,史兰芬,李红彦,胡新洲,安正云.AMMI模型分析低纬高原山区油菜品种的农艺性状[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(11):2412-2416.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2017.11.004.LIU J J,ZHOU R B,YANG J C,ZHANG Y M,QU G,ZHANG J M,FENG J H,CHEN X D,SHI L F,LI H Y,HU X Z,AN Z Y.Analysis of agronomic traits of main rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)varieties in low latitude mountain area using AMMI model[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(11):2412-2416.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2017.11.004.
[5]吴进明,高泉,杨进成,李雄平,吴森.玉溪市山地油菜避灾技术经济效益分析[J].现代农业科技,2013(6):305-306.WU J M,GAO Q,YANG J C,LI X P,WU S.Economic benefits analysis on avoiding disaster technology of mountain oil-seed rape in Yuxi[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2013.(6):305-306.
[6]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统:实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2010.TANG Q Y.DPS data processing system:Experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining[M].Version 2.Beijing:Science press,2010.
[7]康月琼,郝风,柴勇,杨俊英,黄永东,熊英,褚能明,余官平.油菜品质近红外检测模型建立的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):144-148.KANG Y Q,HAO F,CHAI Y,YANG J Y,HUANG Y D,XIONG Y,CHU N M,YU G P.Study on construction of determination model of rapeseed quality with near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(5):144-148.
[8]严丽霞,张青青,缪文彬,沈晓芳.近红外光谱分析技术在食用植物油分析检测中的应用[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(5):1521-1526.YAN L X,ZHANG Q Q,MIAO W B,SHEN X F.Research progress on analysis of edible vegetable oils using near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2017,8(5):1521-1526.
[9]李延莉,蒋美艳,江建霞,张俊英,周熙荣,孙超才,杨立勇.三种油菜品质近红外(NIRS)检测模型的创建[J].上海农业学报,2018,34(2):99-103.doi:10.15955/j.issn1000-3924.2018.02.19.LI Y L,JIANG M Y,JIANG J X,ZHANG J Y,ZHOU X R,SUNC C,YANG L Y.Construction of three kinds of determination model of rapeseed quality with near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2018,34(2):99-103.doi:10.15955/j.issn1000-3924.2018.02.19.
[10]符明联,魏生广,贺斌,和爱花,原小燕,余绍伟,雷元宽,李根泽.云南省油菜轻简化栽培模式及效益分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):199-204.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2011.02.010.FU M L,WEI S G,HE B,HE A H,YUAN X Y,YU S W,LEI YK,LI G Z.The mode and efficiency analysis of light and simple cultivation of rape in Yunnan[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2011,26(2):199-204.doi:10.3969/j.issn.10 04-390X(n).2011.02.010.
[11]田碧华,阮应刚.旱地油菜轻简化栽培高产攻关技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(4):28,31.TIAN B H,RUAN Y G.Light and simplified cultivation and high yield tackling technology of dry rape[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2017(4):28,31.
[12]贺斌.滇西南油菜轻简化油菜栽培模式筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(17):48-49,64.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.17.014.HE B.Screening of the light and simplified cultivation mode for rapeseed in southwestern Yunnan[J].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(17):48-49,64.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.17.014.
[13]冯文豪,冯泽蔚.贵州油菜轻简栽培技术研究应用现状及发展策略初探[J].耕作与栽培,2016(2):48-50.doi:10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2016.02.019.FENG W H,FENG Z W.The preliminary Discussion of research and application status of light and simple cultivation technology of rape in Guizhou and its development strategy[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2016(2):48-50.doi:10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2016.02.019.
[14]何平,张琼,赵林,贾华生.无人机喷施特福力对油菜蚜虫的防控效果及蜜蜂安全性试验[J].云南农业,2018(8):77-79.HE P,ZHANG Q,ZHAO L,JIA H S.Control effect and bee safety of aphids in rapeseed by spraying sulfoxaflor with unmanned aerial vehicle[J].Yunnan Agriculture,2018(8):77-79.
[15]王斌,袁洪印.无人机喷药技术发展现状与趋势[J].农业与技术,2016,36(7):59-62.WANG B,YUAN H Y.Development status and trend of unmanned aerial vehicle spray technology[J].Agriculture and technology,2016,36(7):59-62.
[16]欧阳敦军,文超,易苏丹,陈水彬,陈新华.油菜全程机械化生产技术集成[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(15):3829-3832,3837.doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.15.006.OUYANG D J,WEN C,YI S D,CHEN S B,CHEN X H.Technology integration of completely mechanical production on oil seed rape.[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(15):3829-3832,3837.doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.15.006.
[17]薛大忠,左青松,杨艳芹.淮北地区油菜全程机械化生产关键技术[J].现代农业科技,2017(7):28,30.XUE D Z,ZUO Q S,YANG Y Q.Key technology of whole-course mechanized rapeseed production in Huaibei region[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2017(7):28,30.
[18]翟英,谌国鹏,王虎军.陕南油菜机械化生产现状及关键技术[J].陕西农业科学,2016,62(7):126-128.ZHAI Y,CHEN G P,WANG H J.Mechanized production status and key technologies of rape in southern Shaanxi[J].Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences,2016,62(7):126-128.
[19]汪德义,黄泽群,宋红兵,郭涛.陕南油菜全程机械化品种筛选及配套技术集成[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(1):102-104.WANG D Y,HUANG Z Q,SONG H B,GUO T.Selection of fully mechanized rape varieties and integration of supporting technologies in southern shaanxi[J].Shaanxi Agricultural Sciences,2018,64(1):102-104.
[20]胡新洲,杨进成,安正云,李红彦,刘坚坚,施立安,张玉荣,李祥,李艳兰.玉溪市油菜新品种比较试验研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(34):21-23.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.34.008.HU X Z,YANG J C,AN Z Y,LI H Y,LIU J J,SHI L A,ZHANG YR,LI X,LI Y L.Comparative experimental study on new varieties of rapeseed in Yuxi[J].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(34):21-23.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2018.34.008.
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