基于接收函数主成分分析法的地壳结构研究
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摘要
远震接收函数方法是研究地壳结构的常用方法之一.在单个地震台站的接收函数分析中,既可以利用不同接收函数Ps转换震相以及地表多次反射震相的平均特征获得台站下方一维平均地壳结构信息,也可以基于Ps转换震相随背方位角的变化特征提取地壳结构的变化信息(如倾斜界面或各向异性).然而,由于噪声干扰,后一方面的研究往往存在困难.针对这一问题,文章引入信号处理中的主成分分析法,提出了基于单个地震台站接收函数数据矩阵的主成分分析方法.利用不同主成分互不相关且反映原始数据不同特征的性质,通过提取单个台站接收函数数据矩阵的不同主成分并分别进行重构,获得台站下方的地壳结构信息.理论模拟结果表明,径向接收函数的第一主成分包含数据主体信息,反映台站下方一维平均地壳结构特征;而其第二主成分以及切向接收函数第一主成分则反映台站下方地壳结构的变化特征.文章重点针对壳内存在倾斜界面结构的情况,进行了接收函数主成分提取和重构的理论模拟研究;并在此基础上,基于布设在四川盆地中部一宽频带流动地震台站s233的远震波形记录,开展了接收函数主成分分析的实际结构应用研究.文章研究结果显示,台站s233下方可能存在两个近平行的壳内倾斜界面.与前人测井、电法及人工源地震剖面结果对比表明,浅部倾斜界面可能代表了四川盆地前寒武纪结晶基底顶界面,深部界面可能指示上、下地壳的分界面,即康拉德界面.文章通过理论模拟和实际应用研究,验证了接收函数主成分分析方法在研究地壳结构中的有效性.
引文
陈赟,王振华,郭希,邓阳凡,徐涛,梁晓峰,田小波,吴晶,陈林,张晰,唐国彬,徐义刚.2017.古地幔柱作用“遗迹”的深部地球物理探测--以峨眉山大火成岩省为例.矿物岩石地球化学通报,36:394-403
范军,朱介寿,江晓涛,吴朋.2015.利用接收函数方法研究四川地区地壳结构.地震,35:65-76
房立华,吴建平.2009.倾斜界面和各向异性介质对接收函数的影响.地球物理学进展,24:42-50
刘树根,邓宾,孙玮,钟勇,李智武,李金玺,姜磊.2018.四川盆地:周缘活动主控下形成的叠合盆地.地质科学,53:308-326
李建有,石宝文,徐晓雅,胡家富.2018.利用远震接收函数探测四川盆地及周边地区的地壳结构.地球物理学报,61:2719-2735
梅庆华,何登发,文竹,李英强,李皎.2014.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起地质结构及构造演化.石油学报,35:11-25
宋文海.1996.乐山-龙女寺古隆起大中型气田成藏条件研究.天然气工业,(s1):13-26
王琼,高原,钮凤林,陈运泰.2016.利用接收函数计算地壳各向异性的可靠性分析及倾斜界面的影响.地震,36:14-25
吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃,李卫平,曾融生.2003.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法.地震学报,25:382-389
谢军,倪四道,曾祥方.2012.四川盆地中部浅层地壳一维剪切波速度结构初步研究.四川地震,(2):20-24
徐涛,张忠杰,刘宝峰,陈赟,张明辉,田小波,徐义刚,滕吉文.2015.峨眉山大火成岩省地壳速度结构与古地幔柱活动遗迹:来自丽江-清镇宽角地震资料的约束.中国科学:地球科学,45:561-576
徐伯勋,白旭滨,傅孝毅.2004.信号处理中的数学变换和估计方法.北京:清华大学出版社.42
杨妍,姚华建,张萍,陈凌.2018.用接收函数方法研究华北克拉通中部造山带及其邻域地壳方位各向异性.中国科学:地球科学,48:912-923
郑荣才,李国晖,戴朝成,李楠,王昌勇.2012.四川类前陆盆地盆-山耦合系统和沉积学响应.地质学报,86:170-180
Bianchi I,Park J,Piana Agostinetti N,Levin V.2010.Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic decomposition of receiver functions:An application to Northern Apennines,Italy.J Geophys Res,115:B12317
Chen Y,Xu Y,Xu T,Si S,Liang X,Tian X,Deng Y,Chen L,Wang P,Xu Y,Lan H,Xiao F,Li W,Zhang X,Yuan X,Badal J,Teng J.2015.Magmatic underplating and crustal growth in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province,SW China,revealed by a passive seismic experiment.Earth Planet Sci Lett,432:103-114
Frederiksen A W,Bostock M G.2000.Modelling teleseismic waves in dipping anisotropic structures.Geophys J Int,141:401-412
Frederiksen A W,Folsom H,Zandt G.2003.Neighbourhood inversion of teleseismic Ps conversions for anisotropy and layer dip.Geophys J Int,155:200-212
Gao R,Chen C,Wang H,Lu Z,Brown L,Dong S,Feng S,Li Q,Li W,Wen Z,Li F.2016.SINOPROBE deep reflection profile reveals a Neo-Proterozoic subduction zone beneath Sichuan Basin.Earth Planet Sci Lett,454:86-91
Gutiérrez E,Zaldivar J M.2000.The application of Karhunen-Loéve,or principal component analysis method,to study the non-linear seismic response of structures.Earthq Engng Struct Dyn,29:1261-1286
Hagen D C.1982.The application of principal components analysis to seismic data sets.Geoexploration,20:93-111
Jones I F.1985.Applications of the Karhunen-Loeve transform in reflection seismic processing.Doctoral Dissertation.University of British Columbia
Jones I F,Levy S.1987.Signal-to-Noise ratio enhancement in multichannel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loéve transform.Geophys Prospect,35:12-32
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.1995.Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes.Geophys J Int,122:108-124
Kong F,Wu J,Liu K H,Gao S S.2016.Crustal anisotropy and ductile flow beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas.Earth Planet Sci Lett,442:72-79
Levin V,Park J.1997a.P-SH conversions in a flat-layered medium with anisotropy of arbitrary orientation.Geophys J Int,131:253-266
Levin V,Park J.1997b.Crustal anisotropy in the Ural Mountains Foredeep from teleseismic receiver functions.Geophys Res Lett,24:1283-1286
Licciardi A,Eken T,Taymaz T,Piana Agostinetti N,Yolsal-?evikbilen S.2018.Seismic anisotropy in central north Anatolian Fault Zone and its implications on crustal deformation.Phys Earth Planet Inter,277:99-112
McNamara D E,Owens T J.1993.Azimuthal shear wave velocity anisotropy in the Basin and Range Province using moho Ps converted phases.J Geophys Res,98:12003-12017
Nagaya M,Oda H,Akazawa H,Ishise M.2008.Receiver functions of seismic waves in layered anisotropic media:Application to the estimate of seismic anisotropy.Bull Seismol Soc Am,98:2990-3006
Pearson K.1901.LIII.On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space.London Edinburgh Dublin Philos Mag J Sci,2:559-572
Savage M K.1998.Lower crustal anisotropy or dipping boundaries?Effects on receiver functions and a case study in New Zealand.JGeophys Res,103:15069-15087
Schulte-Pelkum V,Mahan K H.2014.A method for mapping crustal deformation and anisotropy with receiver functions and first results from USArray.Earth Planet Sci Lett,402:221-233
Sherrington H F,Zandt G,Frederiksen A.2004.Crustal fabric in the Tibetan Plateau based on waveform inversions for seismic anisotropy parameters.J Geophys Res,109:B02312
Shlens J.2014.A tutorial on principal component analysis User’s Guide Version 3.02
Smith L I.2002.A tutorial on principal components analysis.Technical Report.Department of Computer Science,University of Otago
Wang Q,Niu F,Gao Y,Chen Y.2016.Crustal structure and deformation beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau constrained by teleseismic receiver function data.Geophys J Int,204:167-179
Wang X,Chen L,Ai Y,Xu T,Jiang M,Ling Y,Gao Y.2018.Crustal structure and deformation beneath eastern and northeastern Tibet revealed by P-wave receiver functions.Earth Planet Sci Lett,497:69-79
Zhu L,Kanamori H.2000.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions.J Geophys Res,105:2969-2980
范军,朱介寿,江晓涛,吴朋.2015.利用接收函数方法研究四川地区地壳结构.地震,35:65-76
房立华,吴建平.2009.倾斜界面和各向异性介质对接收函数的影响.地球物理学进展,24:42-50
刘树根,邓宾,孙玮,钟勇,李智武,李金玺,姜磊.2018.四川盆地:周缘活动主控下形成的叠合盆地.地质科学,53:308-326
李建有,石宝文,徐晓雅,胡家富.2018.利用远震接收函数探测四川盆地及周边地区的地壳结构.地球物理学报,61:2719-2735
梅庆华,何登发,文竹,李英强,李皎.2014.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起地质结构及构造演化.石油学报,35:11-25
宋文海.1996.乐山-龙女寺古隆起大中型气田成藏条件研究.天然气工业,(s1):13-26
王琼,高原,钮凤林,陈运泰.2016.利用接收函数计算地壳各向异性的可靠性分析及倾斜界面的影响.地震,36:14-25
吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃,李卫平,曾融生.2003.计算台站接收函数的最大熵谱反褶积方法.地震学报,25:382-389
谢军,倪四道,曾祥方.2012.四川盆地中部浅层地壳一维剪切波速度结构初步研究.四川地震,(2):20-24
徐涛,张忠杰,刘宝峰,陈赟,张明辉,田小波,徐义刚,滕吉文.2015.峨眉山大火成岩省地壳速度结构与古地幔柱活动遗迹:来自丽江-清镇宽角地震资料的约束.中国科学:地球科学,45:561-576
徐伯勋,白旭滨,傅孝毅.2004.信号处理中的数学变换和估计方法.北京:清华大学出版社.42
杨妍,姚华建,张萍,陈凌.2018.用接收函数方法研究华北克拉通中部造山带及其邻域地壳方位各向异性.中国科学:地球科学,48:912-923
郑荣才,李国晖,戴朝成,李楠,王昌勇.2012.四川类前陆盆地盆-山耦合系统和沉积学响应.地质学报,86:170-180
Bianchi I,Park J,Piana Agostinetti N,Levin V.2010.Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic decomposition of receiver functions:An application to Northern Apennines,Italy.J Geophys Res,115:B12317
Chen Y,Xu Y,Xu T,Si S,Liang X,Tian X,Deng Y,Chen L,Wang P,Xu Y,Lan H,Xiao F,Li W,Zhang X,Yuan X,Badal J,Teng J.2015.Magmatic underplating and crustal growth in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province,SW China,revealed by a passive seismic experiment.Earth Planet Sci Lett,432:103-114
Frederiksen A W,Bostock M G.2000.Modelling teleseismic waves in dipping anisotropic structures.Geophys J Int,141:401-412
Frederiksen A W,Folsom H,Zandt G.2003.Neighbourhood inversion of teleseismic Ps conversions for anisotropy and layer dip.Geophys J Int,155:200-212
Gao R,Chen C,Wang H,Lu Z,Brown L,Dong S,Feng S,Li Q,Li W,Wen Z,Li F.2016.SINOPROBE deep reflection profile reveals a Neo-Proterozoic subduction zone beneath Sichuan Basin.Earth Planet Sci Lett,454:86-91
Gutiérrez E,Zaldivar J M.2000.The application of Karhunen-Loéve,or principal component analysis method,to study the non-linear seismic response of structures.Earthq Engng Struct Dyn,29:1261-1286
Hagen D C.1982.The application of principal components analysis to seismic data sets.Geoexploration,20:93-111
Jones I F.1985.Applications of the Karhunen-Loeve transform in reflection seismic processing.Doctoral Dissertation.University of British Columbia
Jones I F,Levy S.1987.Signal-to-Noise ratio enhancement in multichannel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loéve transform.Geophys Prospect,35:12-32
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.1995.Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes.Geophys J Int,122:108-124
Kong F,Wu J,Liu K H,Gao S S.2016.Crustal anisotropy and ductile flow beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas.Earth Planet Sci Lett,442:72-79
Levin V,Park J.1997a.P-SH conversions in a flat-layered medium with anisotropy of arbitrary orientation.Geophys J Int,131:253-266
Levin V,Park J.1997b.Crustal anisotropy in the Ural Mountains Foredeep from teleseismic receiver functions.Geophys Res Lett,24:1283-1286
Licciardi A,Eken T,Taymaz T,Piana Agostinetti N,Yolsal-?evikbilen S.2018.Seismic anisotropy in central north Anatolian Fault Zone and its implications on crustal deformation.Phys Earth Planet Inter,277:99-112
McNamara D E,Owens T J.1993.Azimuthal shear wave velocity anisotropy in the Basin and Range Province using moho Ps converted phases.J Geophys Res,98:12003-12017
Nagaya M,Oda H,Akazawa H,Ishise M.2008.Receiver functions of seismic waves in layered anisotropic media:Application to the estimate of seismic anisotropy.Bull Seismol Soc Am,98:2990-3006
Pearson K.1901.LIII.On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space.London Edinburgh Dublin Philos Mag J Sci,2:559-572
Savage M K.1998.Lower crustal anisotropy or dipping boundaries?Effects on receiver functions and a case study in New Zealand.JGeophys Res,103:15069-15087
Schulte-Pelkum V,Mahan K H.2014.A method for mapping crustal deformation and anisotropy with receiver functions and first results from USArray.Earth Planet Sci Lett,402:221-233
Sherrington H F,Zandt G,Frederiksen A.2004.Crustal fabric in the Tibetan Plateau based on waveform inversions for seismic anisotropy parameters.J Geophys Res,109:B02312
Shlens J.2014.A tutorial on principal component analysis User’s Guide Version 3.02
Smith L I.2002.A tutorial on principal components analysis.Technical Report.Department of Computer Science,University of Otago
Wang Q,Niu F,Gao Y,Chen Y.2016.Crustal structure and deformation beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau constrained by teleseismic receiver function data.Geophys J Int,204:167-179
Wang X,Chen L,Ai Y,Xu T,Jiang M,Ling Y,Gao Y.2018.Crustal structure and deformation beneath eastern and northeastern Tibet revealed by P-wave receiver functions.Earth Planet Sci Lett,497:69-79
Zhu L,Kanamori H.2000.Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions.J Geophys Res,105:2969-2980
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