深层排水孔堵塞对富水岩质高边坡稳定性的影响
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摘要
高边坡施工或运营期间常因多种因素作用导致排水孔堵塞,从而抬升地下水位,影响边坡稳定性和支护结构的安全。基于渗流折射定律,采用空气单元法模拟排水孔,开展了岩质高边坡渗流应力耦合分析,重点研究了排水孔不同堵塞工况下的坡后地下水位变化及支护结构力学响应。计算结果表明:排水孔堵塞对坡后地下水位影响显著,坡内位移整体变化不大,坡趾位置岩体变形最大;坡体锚杆轴力明显增加,最大增长幅度达到45%。对于布设深层排水孔的岩质高边坡,排水孔堵塞后边坡支护结构的位移变化明显,对支护结构的影响不容忽视,尤其体现在坡趾剪出口位置。此外,排水孔接近完全堵塞时,边坡安全系数显著降低。提出了以框架式格构和锚杆共同作为支护体系的高边坡处理措施,即下部边坡加强格构支护强度,上部边坡增加锚杆锚固长度。
The groundwater level rises once the drainage hole of high slope is blocked during construction or operation,affecting the slope stability and safety of the supporting structure.Based on the law of seepage refraction,this paper focuses on the changes of groundwater level and the mechanical response of supporting structure in cases of different blockage conditions.The calculation results firstly demonstrate that the impact of the drainage hole blockage on pore water pressure development is significant,and that the displacement change within the slope is less obvious.Secondly the axial force along the anchor rod ofthe slope increases obviously with the maximum growth rate of 45%.In addition,for the high slope in the rock formation arranged with the deep drainage hole,the displacement and stress of the support structure changes significantly after the drainage hole blockage.Therefore,the impact on the supporting structure should not be ignored,especially in the position of the shear outlet on the slope toe.Safety factor of the slope decreases significantly when the drainage hole is almost completely clogged.This paper also introduces a high slope treatment method of the supporting system adopting the frame type and anchor rod,that is,for the lower part of the slope,strengthening the lattice support strength;and for the upper part of the slope,increasing the anchorage length of the anchor rod.
The groundwater level rises once the drainage hole of high slope is blocked during construction or operation,affecting the slope stability and safety of the supporting structure.Based on the law of seepage refraction,this paper focuses on the changes of groundwater level and the mechanical response of supporting structure in cases of different blockage conditions.The calculation results firstly demonstrate that the impact of the drainage hole blockage on pore water pressure development is significant,and that the displacement change within the slope is less obvious.Secondly the axial force along the anchor rod ofthe slope increases obviously with the maximum growth rate of 45%.In addition,for the high slope in the rock formation arranged with the deep drainage hole,the displacement and stress of the support structure changes significantly after the drainage hole blockage.Therefore,the impact on the supporting structure should not be ignored,especially in the position of the shear outlet on the slope toe.Safety factor of the slope decreases significantly when the drainage hole is almost completely clogged.This paper also introduces a high slope treatment method of the supporting system adopting the frame type and anchor rod,that is,for the lower part of the slope,strengthening the lattice support strength;and for the upper part of the slope,increasing the anchorage length of the anchor rod.
引文
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[18]郭向红,孙西欢,马娟娟.基于混合遗传算法估计van Genuchten方程参数[J].水科学进展,2009,20(5):677-682.GUO X H,SUN X H,MA J J.Parametric estimation of the van Gehuchten's equation based on hybrid genetic algorithm[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(5):677-682.(in Chinese)
[19]张露,王益权,韩霁昌,等.基于van Genuchten模型的渭北苹果园土壤水分能量特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):120-126.ZHANG L,WANG Y Q,HAN J C,et al.Analysis on soil moisture energy feature of apple orchards in Weibei area based on van Genuchten model[J].Transaction of the CSAE,2016,32(19):120-126.(in Chinese)
[20]HOEK E,CARRANZA-TORRES C,CORKUM B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion-2002 edition[G]//HAMMAHR,BAWDEN W F,CURRAN J,et al.Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society NARMS-TAC 2002,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2002:267-273.
[21]郑颖人,赵尚毅.边(滑)坡工程设计中安全系数的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1937-1940.ZHENG Y R,ZHAO S Y.Discussion on safety factors of slope and landslide engineering design[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1937-1940.(in Chinese)
[22]曹兴松,肖世国,何洪,等.高边坡多级锚杆框架上坡体压力模型试验[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(5):1159-1163.CAO X S,XIAO S G,HE H,et al.Model test on characteristics of slope pressure on multi-frame beams with anchor bolts used to stabilize high slope[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(5):1159-1163.(in Chinese)
[23]叶海林,黄润秋,郑颖人,等.岩质边坡锚杆支护参数地震敏感性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1374-1379.YE H L,HUANG R Q,ZHENG Y R,et al.Sensitivity analysis of parameters for bolts in rock slopes under earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1374-1379.(in Chinese)
[2]李家春.公路边坡降雨灾害评价方法与指标研究[D].西安:长安大学,2005.LI J C.Study on the risk evaluation of rainfall hazard on highway slope[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2005.(in Chinese)
[3]刘璐,牛文全,Zhou Bob.细小泥沙粒径对迷宫流道灌水器堵塞的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):87-93.LIU L.NIU W Q,ZHOU B.Influence of sediment particle size on clogging performance of labyrinth path emitters[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):87-93.(in Chinese)
[4]周卓.岩溶地区地下水渗流结晶堵塞隧道排水管机理研究及处治建议[D].西安:长安大学,2015.ZHOU Z.Study on the plug of the tunnel drainage pipe mechanism caused by groundwater seepage crystallization in karst area and the proposal of treatment[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2015.
[5]OASELLES-OSORIO A,GARCIA J.Performance of experimental horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands fed with dissolved or particulate organic matter[J].Water Research,2006,40(19):3603-3611.
[6]ZHONG X,WU Y.Bioclogging in porous media under continuous-flow condition[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,68(8):2417-2425.
[7]PEDESCOLL A,CORZO A,ALVAREZ E,et al.The effect of primary treatment and flow regime on clogging development in horizontal subsurface flow constrected wetlands:An experimental evaluation[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3579-3589.
[8]HUA G F,ZENG Y T,ZHOU Z W,et al.Applying a resting operation to alleviate bioclogging in vertical flow constructed wetlands:An experimental lab evaluation[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,136(8):47-53.
[9]MORVANNOU A,FORQUET N,VANCLOOSTER M,et al.Characterizing hydraulic properties of filter material of a vertical flow constructed wetland[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:325-335.
[10]LI Y K,LIU Y Z,LI G B,et al.Surface topographic characteristics of suspended particulates in reclaimed wastewater and effects on clogging in labyrinth drip irrigation emitters[J].Irrigation Science,2012,30(1):43-56.
[11]王恩志,王洪涛,邓旭东.“以管代孔”——排水孔模拟方法探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):346-349.WANG E Z,WANG H T,DENG X D.Pipe to represent hole-Numerical method for simulating single drainage hole in rock-masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):346-349.(in Chinese)
[12]王建,姜海霞.排水孔模拟的汇线单元法[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(5):677-684.WANG J,JIANG H X.Simulating drainage holes with line sink drainage element[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(5):677-684.(in Chinese)
[13]姜海霞,王建.排水子结构节点凝聚的节点映射法[J].水电能源科学,2007,25(1):68-70.JIANG H X,WANG J.Node mapping method for coacervation degree of freedom for inner nodes in drainage substructure[J].Water Resources and Power,2007,25(1):68-70.(in Chinese)
[14]胡静,陈胜宏.渗流分析中排水孔模拟的空气单元法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(2):281-283.HU J,CHEN S H.Air element method for modeling drainage holes in seepage analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(2):281-283.(in Chinese)
[15]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1986XUE Y Q.Theory of groundwater dynamic[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1986.(in Chinese)
[16]张社荣,谭尧升,王超,等.强降雨特性对饱和-非饱和边坡失稳破坏的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(Sup2):4102-4112.ZHANG S R,TAN Y S,WANG C,et al.Influence of heavy rainfall characteristics on saturated-unsaturated slope failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Sup2):4102-4112.(in Chinese)
[17]杨改强,霍丽娟,杨国义,等.利用MATLAB拟合van Genuchten方程参数的研究[J].土壤,2010,42(2):268-274.YANG G Q,HUO L J,YANG G Y,et al.Research on fitting van Genuchten equation parameter with Matlab software[J].Soils,2010,42(2):268-274.(in Chinese)
[18]郭向红,孙西欢,马娟娟.基于混合遗传算法估计van Genuchten方程参数[J].水科学进展,2009,20(5):677-682.GUO X H,SUN X H,MA J J.Parametric estimation of the van Gehuchten's equation based on hybrid genetic algorithm[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(5):677-682.(in Chinese)
[19]张露,王益权,韩霁昌,等.基于van Genuchten模型的渭北苹果园土壤水分能量特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):120-126.ZHANG L,WANG Y Q,HAN J C,et al.Analysis on soil moisture energy feature of apple orchards in Weibei area based on van Genuchten model[J].Transaction of the CSAE,2016,32(19):120-126.(in Chinese)
[20]HOEK E,CARRANZA-TORRES C,CORKUM B.Hoek-Brown failure criterion-2002 edition[G]//HAMMAHR,BAWDEN W F,CURRAN J,et al.Proceedings of the North American Rock Mechanics Society NARMS-TAC 2002,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2002:267-273.
[21]郑颖人,赵尚毅.边(滑)坡工程设计中安全系数的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1937-1940.ZHENG Y R,ZHAO S Y.Discussion on safety factors of slope and landslide engineering design[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1937-1940.(in Chinese)
[22]曹兴松,肖世国,何洪,等.高边坡多级锚杆框架上坡体压力模型试验[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(5):1159-1163.CAO X S,XIAO S G,HE H,et al.Model test on characteristics of slope pressure on multi-frame beams with anchor bolts used to stabilize high slope[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(5):1159-1163.(in Chinese)
[23]叶海林,黄润秋,郑颖人,等.岩质边坡锚杆支护参数地震敏感性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1374-1379.YE H L,HUANG R Q,ZHENG Y R,et al.Sensitivity analysis of parameters for bolts in rock slopes under earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1374-1379.(in Chinese)