点排放源中二氧化碳浓度的测量研究
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摘要
大气中温室气体浓度的增加引起的全球气候变化是世界关注的焦点问题。在所有的排放源中,固定排放源排放的二氧化碳气体是温室效应的主要因素。政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)将直接测量排放量方法列为温室气体排放清单统计的最高等级,以提高数据统计精度。为了实现排放量的精确测量,固定排放源浓度直接测量至关重要。基于分析吸收光谱建立了相对于纯气体的测量方法,通过多次反射直接吸收光谱技术,建立了精确测量二氧化碳浓度的相对法装置,测量了293 K和0～13 k Pa下二氧化碳在6 362. 5 cm-1的(30012)←(00001) R20e跃迁谱线,通过与纯二氧化碳吸收面积的比较得到15%,35%,50%和75%二氧化碳混合物的浓度。结果表明与天平称重法得到的结果具有很好的一致性,相对扩展测量不确定度在0. 7%以下(k=2)。
The global climate change caused by the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases( GHG) in the atmosphere is the focus of attention in the world. Among all sources of emissions,the emission of carbon dioxide from point sources is a major factor in the greenhouse effect. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change( IPCC) will directly measure emissions as the highest level of GHG emissions inventory statistics to improve the accuracy of data statistics. In order to achieve accurate measurement of emissions,direct measurement of point source concentration is critical. An off-axis direct absorption spectroscopy technique combined with a long optical path gas absorption cell and a scanning laser frequency method was used to establish a relative method for accurate measurement of carbon dioxide concentration. The absorption spectra of the( 30012) ←( 00001) R20 e transition line at 6362. 5 cm-1 in the range of 293 K and 0 ～ 13 k Pa have been measured. The concentration of 15%,35%,50%,and 75% of carbon dioxide mixture was obtained by comparison with the absorption area of pure carbon dioxide,and a detailed uncertainty analysis was performed on the measurement results. The results have a good consist with the results obtained by the balance weighing method,the expanded relative measurement uncertainty is below 0. 7%( k = 2).
The global climate change caused by the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases( GHG) in the atmosphere is the focus of attention in the world. Among all sources of emissions,the emission of carbon dioxide from point sources is a major factor in the greenhouse effect. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change( IPCC) will directly measure emissions as the highest level of GHG emissions inventory statistics to improve the accuracy of data statistics. In order to achieve accurate measurement of emissions,direct measurement of point source concentration is critical. An off-axis direct absorption spectroscopy technique combined with a long optical path gas absorption cell and a scanning laser frequency method was used to establish a relative method for accurate measurement of carbon dioxide concentration. The absorption spectra of the( 30012) ←( 00001) R20 e transition line at 6362. 5 cm-1 in the range of 293 K and 0 ～ 13 k Pa have been measured. The concentration of 15%,35%,50%,and 75% of carbon dioxide mixture was obtained by comparison with the absorption area of pure carbon dioxide,and a detailed uncertainty analysis was performed on the measurement results. The results have a good consist with the results obtained by the balance weighing method,the expanded relative measurement uncertainty is below 0. 7%( k = 2).
引文
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[2]胡鹤鸣,王池,张金涛.城市区域碳排放测量反演研究国际进展[J].计量学报,2017,38(1):7-12.Hu H M,Wang C,Zhang J T. International Research Overview of Inversion Approach of Carbon Emission Measurement in Urban Area[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica,2017,38(1):7-12.
[3]张亮,孟涛,王池,等.蝶阀后多声道超声流量计安装影响实验研究[J].计量学报,2012,33(z1):120-125.Zhang L,Meng T,Wang C,et al. Experimental Study on the Installation Effect of Butterfly Valve on Multi-path Ultrasonic Flowmeter[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica,2012,33(z1):120-125.
[4]胡鹤鸣,孟涛,王池.扰流流场对超声流量计积分误差的影响分析[J].计量学报,2011,32(3):198-202.Hu H M,Meng T,Wang C. Theoretical Analysis of Integration Error of Ultrasonic Flowmeter in the Disturbed Flow Condition[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica,2011,32(3):198-202.
[5] Werle P. A review of recent advances in semiconductor laser-based gas monitors[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A,1998,54(2):197~236.
[6] Von Drasek W A, Charona O, Mulderin K, et al.Multifunctional industrial combustion process monitoring with tunable diode lasers[J]. Proc SPIE,2001,4201:doi:10. 1117/12. 417388.
[7]袁松,阚瑞峰,姚路,等.基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱对CO2浓度的测量[J].大气与环境光学学报,2012,7(6):432-437.Yuan S, Kan R F, Yao L, et al. Measurement of concentration of carbon dioxide gas with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2012,7(6):432-437.
[8] Gao G. Carbon dioxide measurement based on multimode diode laser correlation spectroscopy employing wavelength modulation techniques[J]. Spectroscopy Letters,2014,47(1):6-11.
[9] Pogány A, Ott O, Werhahn O, et al. Towards traceability in CO2line strength measurements by TDLAS at 2. 7μm[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2013,130:147-157.
[10]刘晓萌,刘勤勇,张亮.大气温室气体探测激光雷达及其标定技术研究进展[J].计量学报,2018,39(1):39-42.Liu X M,Liu Q Y, Zhang L. Recent Progress on Atmospheric Greenhouse-gases LIDAR and Its Calibration[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica,2018,39(1):39-42.
[11]王雪梅,刘石.基于TDLAS技术的CO2浓度测量[J].化工自动化及仪表,2016,43(11):1158-1161.Wang X M, Liu S. CO2concentration measurement based on TDLAS[J]. Control and Instruments in Chemical Industry,2016,43(11):1158-1161.
[12]孙加运,信丰鑫,朱金山.基于TDLAS直接吸收的CO2浓度监测技术研究[J].山东科技大学学报,2017,36(3):25-31.Sun J Y,Xin F X,Zhu J S. Study on monitoring technology of carbon dioxide concentration based on TDLAS direct absorption[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology,2017,36(3):25-31.
[13]朱晓睿,卢伟业,饶雨,等. TDLAS直接吸收法测量CO2的基线选择方法[J].中国光学,2017,10(4):455-461.Zhu X R,Lu W Y,Rao Y,et al. Selection of baseline method in TDLAS direct absorption CO2measurement[J]. Chinese Optics,2017,10(4):455-461.
[14] Demtrder W. Laser spectroscopy:Basic concepts and instruments[M]. New York:Springer,2003.
[15]赵欣月,林鸿,杨雷,等. 1. 6微米附近氮气展宽的一氧化碳分子线形的研究[J].计量学报,2017,38(1):13-18.Zhao X Y,Lin H,Yang L,et al. Inverstigation on line shape for N2-broadened CO near 1. 6μm[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica,2017,38(1):13-18.
[16] Newell D B,Cabiati F,Fischer J,et al. The CODATA2017 values of h,e,k,and NAfor the revision of the SI[J]. Metrologia,2018,55:L13-L16.
[17] Gordon I E,Rothman L S,Hill C. The HITRAN2016molecular spectroscopic database[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2017,203:3-69.
[18] Herriott D R,Kogelnik H,Kompfner R. Off-axis paths in spherical mirror interferometers[J]. Applied Optics,1964,3(4):523-526.