鲜水河断裂带康定至道孚段热水化学与同位素特征
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摘要
研究鲜水河断裂带康定至道孚段水热的形成条件。通过野外地质调查,利用水化学、氢氧同位素资料,分析鲜水河断裂带康定至道孚段几个水热活动区热水的形成和联系。结果表明:(1)鲜水河断裂带康定至道孚段可分为康定、中谷、八美和道孚4个水热活动区,总计30多处温热泉群,200多个温泉露头;(2)从康定至道孚热水活动由强到弱,表现为温泉数量减少,泉水温度降低;(3)4个水热活动区水化学类型有明显区别,康定至道孚依次为HCO_3·ClNa,HCO_3-Na,HCO_3-Ca·Na;(4)4个水热活动区主要离子有较显著差异,同位素组分形成明显分带。温泉沿鲜水河断裂分布,在主断裂和次级断裂交汇位置或断裂转折部位的一定范围出露,各区为相对独立的地热系统。
The formation conditions of hot water along the Xianshuihe fault zone in the KangdingDaofu section are studied based on field geological survey and analyses of hot water chemistry and hydrogen &oxygen isotopes.It shows that the Kangding-Daofu section of the Xianshuihe fault zone can be divided into 4 hydrothermal active areas,such as Kangding,Zhonggu,Bamei and Daofu area respectively.There are more than 30 hot springs groups and more than 200 hot springs spots in the 4 areas.Hot water activities become strong to weak from Kangding area to Daofu area,evidenced by decrease in number of hot springs and a decrease in temperature of springs.There are obvious differences in the hydrochemical types for the four hydrothermal active areas,characterized by change of water chemistry of HCO_3·Cl-Na,HCO_3-Na,HCO_3-Ca·Na from Kangding to Daofu.There are also significant differences in the main ions and zoning of isotopic compositions in the four hydrothermal active areas.These hot springs distribute along the Xianshuihe fault zone and expose ina certain range of main fractures or at secondary intersection locations or at the transition position of fracture.The isotopic compositions of the hot water show that each zone is a relatively independent geothermal system.
The formation conditions of hot water along the Xianshuihe fault zone in the KangdingDaofu section are studied based on field geological survey and analyses of hot water chemistry and hydrogen &oxygen isotopes.It shows that the Kangding-Daofu section of the Xianshuihe fault zone can be divided into 4 hydrothermal active areas,such as Kangding,Zhonggu,Bamei and Daofu area respectively.There are more than 30 hot springs groups and more than 200 hot springs spots in the 4 areas.Hot water activities become strong to weak from Kangding area to Daofu area,evidenced by decrease in number of hot springs and a decrease in temperature of springs.There are obvious differences in the hydrochemical types for the four hydrothermal active areas,characterized by change of water chemistry of HCO_3·Cl-Na,HCO_3-Na,HCO_3-Ca·Na from Kangding to Daofu.There are also significant differences in the main ions and zoning of isotopic compositions in the four hydrothermal active areas.These hot springs distribute along the Xianshuihe fault zone and expose ina certain range of main fractures or at secondary intersection locations or at the transition position of fracture.The isotopic compositions of the hot water show that each zone is a relatively independent geothermal system.
引文
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[3]谷江波,曹建平,张运达,等.雅拉河隐伏断裂活动性研究[J].水电站设计,2012,28(4):103-105.Gu J B,Cao J P,Zhang Y D,et al.Study on the activity of the hidden fault of the Yala River[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2012,28(4):103-105.(in Chinese)
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[8]赵俊香,陈岳龙,李志红.康定杂岩锆石SHRIMP UPb定年及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2006,20(3):378-385.Zhao J X,Chen Y L,Li Z H.Zircon U-Pb shrimp dating for the Kangding complex and its geological significance[J].Geoscience,2006,20(3):378-385.(in Chinese)
[9]吴婵,许志琴,Webb A A G,等.松潘-甘孜造山带鲜水河断裂与雅拉雪山片麻岩穹窿的关系[J].地质学报,2016,90(11):2982-2998.Wu C,Xu Z Q,Webb A A G,et al.The relationship between the Xianshuihe fault zone and Yala snow mountain gneiss dome in the Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(11):2982-2998.(in Chinese)
[10]张岳桥,陈文,杨农.川西鲜水河断裂带晚新生代剪切变形40 Ar/39 Ar测年及其构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2004,34(7):613-621.Zhang Y Q,Chen W,Yang N.40 Ar/39 Ar dating of the late Cenozoic shear deformation in the Xianshuihe fault zone,western Sichuan,and its tectonic significance[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2004,34(7):613-621.(in Chinese)
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[12]陈喜昌.四川地下热水的水文地质结构类型与分布规律[J].中国地质科学院成都地质矿产研究所所刊,1986:117-127.Chen X C.Hydrogeological framework types and distribution laws of subsurface hot water in Sichuan province[J].Bulletin of the Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,The Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1986:117-127.(in Chinese)
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[14]梁云甫,黄世英,张允明.四川的地热水资源[J].四川地质学报,1997,17(2):136-141.Liang Y F,Huang S Y,Zhang Y M.Geothermal water resources in Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,1997,17(2):136-141.(in Chinese)
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[16]濮本进.鲜水河断裂、磨西断裂的热水理化特性与断裂活动性[J].四川地震,1981(4):22-23.Pu B J.Physicochemical properties and fracture activity of hot water in Xianshuihe and Moxi faults[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1981(4):22-23.(in Chinese)
[17]张健,李午阳,唐显春,等.川西高温水热活动区的地热学分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(8):899-915.Zhang J,Li W Y,Tang X C,et al.Geothermal data analysis at the high-temperature hydrothermal area in Western Sichuan[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2017,47(8):899-915.(in Chinese)
[18]赵庆生.鲜水河断裂带热水水文地球化学特征及形成模式[J].成都科技大学学报,1984(2):77-88.Zhao Q S.The hydrogeochemical characteristics and forming model of hot water in the Xianshuihe fracture zone[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1984(2):77-88.(in Chinese)
[19]刘艳明.四川省康定县驷马桥—小热水地区地热成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学档案馆,2011.Liu Y M.Genesis of the Geothermal Water in Simaqiao-Xiaoreshui Area of Kangding, Sichuan Province[D].Beijing:The Archive of China University of Geosciences,2011.(in Chinese)
[20]安成蛟,漆继红,许模,等.磨西断裂热水水文地球化学特征及其短周期信息分析[C]//“川藏铁路建设的挑战与对策”2016学术交流会论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2016:229-238.An C J,Qi J H,Xu M,et al.Hydrochemistry and short cycle analysis of the thermal springs in the Moxi fault:Implications for the hydrothermal formation model[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 Academic Exchange Conference on “Challenges and Countermeasures for the Construction of SichuanTibet Railway”.Beijing:China Communications Press,2016:229-238.(in Chinese)
[21]卞跃跃,赵丹.四川康定地热田地下热水成因研究[J].地球学报,2018,39(4):1-7.Bian Y Y,Zhao D.Genesis of geothermal waters in the Kangding geothermal field,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2018:39(4):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22]杨立铮,卫迦,孙晋玉.四川康定温泉系统深源CO2释放研究[J].地质学报,1999,73(3):278-285.Yang L Z,Wei J,Sun J Y.A study of the deepsource CO2release of hot springs system in Kangding,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(3):278-285.(in Chinese)
[23]张加桂,胡海涛.四川省鲜水河断裂带温泉的CO2释放量的定量化研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2000(3):19-21.Zhang J G,Hu H T.Quantitative study on CO2emission from hot springs in Xianshuihe fault zone,Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000(3):19-21.(in Chinese)
[24]林正良,肖鹏飞,李弘,等.甘孜地区雅拉河段地热系统特征及控制因素[J].地质与勘探,2015,51(4):764-771.Lin Z L,Xiao P F,Li H,et al.Characteristics of the geothermal system and control factors in the Yalahe reach,Ganzi Area[J].Geology and Exploration,2015,51(4):764-771.(in Chinese)
[25]李志红,罗照华,陈岳龙,等.康定-泸定地区变质侵入岩的地质地球化学特征及其构造环境[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):181-189.Li Z H,Luo Z H,Chen Y L,et al.Geology and geochemistry of the Kangding-Luding metamorphosed intrusions and implication for tectonic setting[J].Geoscience,2008,22(2):181-189.(in Chinese)
[26]姜鸿才,周瑞良.青藏高原构造体系控制下的地热水分布及找热方向[C]//中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊(第11-12号).北京:地质出版社,1994:243-259.Jiang H C,Zhou R L.Distribution of geothermal water in structure system of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateau and its prospecting[C]//Bulletin of the 562Comprehensive Geological Brigade,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.11-12).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:243-259.(in Chinese)
[2]闻学泽,Allen C R,罗灼礼,等.鲜水河全新世断裂带的分段性、几何特征及其地震构造意义[J].地震学报,1989,11(4):362-372.Wen X Z,Allen C R,Luo Z L,et al.Segmentation,geometric features,and their seismotectonic implications for the Holocene Xianshuihe fault zone[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1989,11(4):362-372.(in Chinese)
[3]谷江波,曹建平,张运达,等.雅拉河隐伏断裂活动性研究[J].水电站设计,2012,28(4):103-105.Gu J B,Cao J P,Zhang Y D,et al.Study on the activity of the hidden fault of the Yala River[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2012,28(4):103-105.(in Chinese)
[4]杨永林,苏琴.鲜水河断裂带现今活动特征研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(6):22-27.Yang Y L,Su Q.On present activity characteristics of Xianshuihe fault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(6):22-27.(in Chinese)
[5]何梅兴,方慧,王绪本,等.鲜水河断裂带南段深部电性结构特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(6):2414-2424.He M X,Fang H,Wang X B,et al.Deep conductivity characteristics of the southern Xianshuihe fault zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(6):2414-2424.(in Chinese)
[6]李志红,罗照华,陈岳龙,等.康定变质侵入岩的年代学及岩石地球化学特征[J].地球学报,2005,26(增刊):87-89.Li Z H,Luo Z H,Chen Y L,et al.Geochronology and geochemical characteristics of Kangding metamorphosed intrusions[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(S):87-89.(in Chinese)
[7]朱宗祥,江淑芳.康定杂岩的时代及成因探讨[J].西安地质学院学报,1988,10(4):21-32.Zhu Z X,Jiang S F.An inquiry of the time and genesis of Kangding rock complex[J].Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,1988,10(4):21-32.(in Chinese)
[8]赵俊香,陈岳龙,李志红.康定杂岩锆石SHRIMP UPb定年及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2006,20(3):378-385.Zhao J X,Chen Y L,Li Z H.Zircon U-Pb shrimp dating for the Kangding complex and its geological significance[J].Geoscience,2006,20(3):378-385.(in Chinese)
[9]吴婵,许志琴,Webb A A G,等.松潘-甘孜造山带鲜水河断裂与雅拉雪山片麻岩穹窿的关系[J].地质学报,2016,90(11):2982-2998.Wu C,Xu Z Q,Webb A A G,et al.The relationship between the Xianshuihe fault zone and Yala snow mountain gneiss dome in the Songpan-Ganzi orogenic belt[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(11):2982-2998.(in Chinese)
[10]张岳桥,陈文,杨农.川西鲜水河断裂带晚新生代剪切变形40 Ar/39 Ar测年及其构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2004,34(7):613-621.Zhang Y Q,Chen W,Yang N.40 Ar/39 Ar dating of the late Cenozoic shear deformation in the Xianshuihe fault zone,western Sichuan,and its tectonic significance[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2004,34(7):613-621.(in Chinese)
[11]何京生,赵友年,赖绍民.四川省地下热水点的分布与挽近构造体系间的关系[J].水文地质工程地质,1982(6):17.He J S,Zhao Y N,Lai S M.The relationship between the distribution of underground hot water points and the neoid tectonic system in Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1982(6):17.(in Chinese)
[12]陈喜昌.四川地下热水的水文地质结构类型与分布规律[J].中国地质科学院成都地质矿产研究所所刊,1986:117-127.Chen X C.Hydrogeological framework types and distribution laws of subsurface hot water in Sichuan province[J].Bulletin of the Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,The Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1986:117-127.(in Chinese)
[13]罗来麟.四川西部温泉分布及成因初探[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),1994,11(2):39-47.Luo L L.Inquisition of the distribution and cause of the hot springs in western Sichuan[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),1994,11(2):39-47.(in Chinese)
[14]梁云甫,黄世英,张允明.四川的地热水资源[J].四川地质学报,1997,17(2):136-141.Liang Y F,Huang S Y,Zhang Y M.Geothermal water resources in Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,1997,17(2):136-141.(in Chinese)
[15]罗敏,任蕊,袁伟.四川地热资源类型、分布及成因模式[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(1):47-50.Luo M,Ren R,Yuan W.Type,distribution and genesis of geothermal resource in Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2016,36(1):47-50.(in Chinese)
[16]濮本进.鲜水河断裂、磨西断裂的热水理化特性与断裂活动性[J].四川地震,1981(4):22-23.Pu B J.Physicochemical properties and fracture activity of hot water in Xianshuihe and Moxi faults[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1981(4):22-23.(in Chinese)
[17]张健,李午阳,唐显春,等.川西高温水热活动区的地热学分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(8):899-915.Zhang J,Li W Y,Tang X C,et al.Geothermal data analysis at the high-temperature hydrothermal area in Western Sichuan[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2017,47(8):899-915.(in Chinese)
[18]赵庆生.鲜水河断裂带热水水文地球化学特征及形成模式[J].成都科技大学学报,1984(2):77-88.Zhao Q S.The hydrogeochemical characteristics and forming model of hot water in the Xianshuihe fracture zone[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1984(2):77-88.(in Chinese)
[19]刘艳明.四川省康定县驷马桥—小热水地区地热成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学档案馆,2011.Liu Y M.Genesis of the Geothermal Water in Simaqiao-Xiaoreshui Area of Kangding, Sichuan Province[D].Beijing:The Archive of China University of Geosciences,2011.(in Chinese)
[20]安成蛟,漆继红,许模,等.磨西断裂热水水文地球化学特征及其短周期信息分析[C]//“川藏铁路建设的挑战与对策”2016学术交流会论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,2016:229-238.An C J,Qi J H,Xu M,et al.Hydrochemistry and short cycle analysis of the thermal springs in the Moxi fault:Implications for the hydrothermal formation model[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 Academic Exchange Conference on “Challenges and Countermeasures for the Construction of SichuanTibet Railway”.Beijing:China Communications Press,2016:229-238.(in Chinese)
[21]卞跃跃,赵丹.四川康定地热田地下热水成因研究[J].地球学报,2018,39(4):1-7.Bian Y Y,Zhao D.Genesis of geothermal waters in the Kangding geothermal field,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2018:39(4):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22]杨立铮,卫迦,孙晋玉.四川康定温泉系统深源CO2释放研究[J].地质学报,1999,73(3):278-285.Yang L Z,Wei J,Sun J Y.A study of the deepsource CO2release of hot springs system in Kangding,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(3):278-285.(in Chinese)
[23]张加桂,胡海涛.四川省鲜水河断裂带温泉的CO2释放量的定量化研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2000(3):19-21.Zhang J G,Hu H T.Quantitative study on CO2emission from hot springs in Xianshuihe fault zone,Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2000(3):19-21.(in Chinese)
[24]林正良,肖鹏飞,李弘,等.甘孜地区雅拉河段地热系统特征及控制因素[J].地质与勘探,2015,51(4):764-771.Lin Z L,Xiao P F,Li H,et al.Characteristics of the geothermal system and control factors in the Yalahe reach,Ganzi Area[J].Geology and Exploration,2015,51(4):764-771.(in Chinese)
[25]李志红,罗照华,陈岳龙,等.康定-泸定地区变质侵入岩的地质地球化学特征及其构造环境[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):181-189.Li Z H,Luo Z H,Chen Y L,et al.Geology and geochemistry of the Kangding-Luding metamorphosed intrusions and implication for tectonic setting[J].Geoscience,2008,22(2):181-189.(in Chinese)
[26]姜鸿才,周瑞良.青藏高原构造体系控制下的地热水分布及找热方向[C]//中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊(第11-12号).北京:地质出版社,1994:243-259.Jiang H C,Zhou R L.Distribution of geothermal water in structure system of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateau and its prospecting[C]//Bulletin of the 562Comprehensive Geological Brigade,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.11-12).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:243-259.(in Chinese)
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