基于高性能材料的大跨径斜拉桥抗风性能分析
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摘要
为了研究活性粉末混凝土(Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC)和碳纤维复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)在大跨径斜拉桥中应用的可行性,以主跨1 100m的钢斜拉索、钢主梁、普通混凝土索塔斜拉桥设计方案为基础,构造了一座同等布置形式的CFRP拉索、RPC主梁、RPC索塔斜拉桥方案.采用有限元法对2种方案斜拉桥的动力特性、抗风性能等进行了分析和比较.结果表明:2种方案结构的自振基频相差不大,CFRP索RPC主梁斜拉桥的主梁颤振稳定性有所提高,其抖振响应位移较钢索钢主梁斜拉桥明显降低.CFRP拉索的自振频率达钢斜拉索的2倍;与钢斜拉索相比,CFRP拉索涡振幅值有所增大,但整体而言2种方案斜拉索的涡振幅值均很小,不影响其安全;CFRP拉索的风雨激振振幅不到钢斜拉索的1/2,且前者与风雨激振相关的临界风速较后者有所提高.应用高性能材料RPC与CFRP的大跨径斜拉桥整体抗风性能优于传统的钢斜拉索钢主梁斜拉桥,从抗风性能角度而言,将高性能材料RPC与CFRP应用于大跨径斜拉桥中是可行的.
In order to investigate the applicability of reactive powder concrete(RPC)and carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)in long span cable-stayed bridges,two cable-stayed bridges with the same span-length,1100 m,are designed for comparison.One is composed of steel stay cables,steel main girder,and ordinary concrete tower,while the other is composed of CFRP cable,RPC main girder and RPC tower.Dynamic properties and wind-resistant performances of the two schemes are analyzed and compared by using the finite element method.The results show that the two schemes show insignificant differences in fundamental natural frequencies,but the flutter stabilities for the RPC girder of the bridge with CFRP cable,RPC main girder and RPC tower is improved.The buffeting response displacement can be much reduced when the RPC girder and CFRP stay cables are employed.Natural frequencies of CFRP cables reach as high as 2 times of those of the steel cables.Compared with the steel cable,the vortex-induced vibrating amplitude of CFRP cables increases.However,the amplitudes of both schemes are very small,and hence they could have no effects on the structural safety.Rain-wind vibration amplitudes of CFRP cables can be as low as half of those of the steel cables.Moreover,critical wind speeds of the former are higher than the latter.In general,as far as the wind-resistant performance is concerned,RPC and CFRP can have an advantage over the traditional 3409 steel material in applications to long span cable-stayed bridges.In view of this point,it is feasible to apply high-performance materials,RPC and CFRP,to long span cable-stayed bridges.
In order to investigate the applicability of reactive powder concrete(RPC)and carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)in long span cable-stayed bridges,two cable-stayed bridges with the same span-length,1100 m,are designed for comparison.One is composed of steel stay cables,steel main girder,and ordinary concrete tower,while the other is composed of CFRP cable,RPC main girder and RPC tower.Dynamic properties and wind-resistant performances of the two schemes are analyzed and compared by using the finite element method.The results show that the two schemes show insignificant differences in fundamental natural frequencies,but the flutter stabilities for the RPC girder of the bridge with CFRP cable,RPC main girder and RPC tower is improved.The buffeting response displacement can be much reduced when the RPC girder and CFRP stay cables are employed.Natural frequencies of CFRP cables reach as high as 2 times of those of the steel cables.Compared with the steel cable,the vortex-induced vibrating amplitude of CFRP cables increases.However,the amplitudes of both schemes are very small,and hence they could have no effects on the structural safety.Rain-wind vibration amplitudes of CFRP cables can be as low as half of those of the steel cables.Moreover,critical wind speeds of the former are higher than the latter.In general,as far as the wind-resistant performance is concerned,RPC and CFRP can have an advantage over the traditional 3409 steel material in applications to long span cable-stayed bridges.In view of this point,it is feasible to apply high-performance materials,RPC and CFRP,to long span cable-stayed bridges.
引文
[1]RICHARD P,CHEYTEZY M.Reactive powder concretes with high ductility and 200~800MPa compressive strength[C]//MEHTA P K.ACI SP-144:Concrete Technology:Past,Present,and Future.Farmington Hills,Michigan:American Concrete Institute,1997:507-518.
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[5]康厚军,赵跃宇,朱志辉,等.强迫激励下CFRP斜拉索面内分叉特性[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(9):8-13.KANG H J,ZHAO Y Y,ZHU Z H,et al.In-plane bifurcation behavior of inclined CFRP cable subject to external excitation[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2014,41(9):8-13.(In Chinese)
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[9]韩万水,陈艾荣,胡晓伦.大跨度斜拉桥抖振时域分析理论实例验证及影响因素分析[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(6):66-71.HAN W S,CHEN A R,HU X L.Verification of time-domain buffeting theory and analysis of influence factors for long-span cable-stayed bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(6):66-71.(In Chinese)
[10]DEODATIS G.Simulation of ergodic multivariate stochastic processes[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1996,122(8):778-787.
[11]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:102-104.CHEN Z Q.Bridge wind engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005:102-140.(In Chinese)
[12]任亮.基于高性能材料的千米级跨径混凝土斜拉桥力学性能研究[D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2013:83-84.REN L.The study of super-long span concrete cable-stayed bridge based high performance materials[D].Changsha:College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,2013:83-84.(In Chinese)
[13]DAVENPORT A G.Note on the distribution of the largest value of a random function with application to gust loading[J].Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers,1964,28(2):187-196.
[14]GRIFFIN O M,SKOP R A,RAMBERG S E.The resonant,vortex-excited vibrations of structures and cable systems[C]//Proceedings in Offshore Technology Conference.Tulsa,Oklahoma:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1975:731-744.
[15]GEURTS C P W,STAALDUINEN P C VAN.Estimation of the effects of rain-wind induced vibration in the design stage of inclined cables[C]//Proceedings 10th International Conference on Wind Engineering.Baltimore,Maryland:The Johns Hopkins University,1999:885-892.
[2]王飞,方志.大跨活性粉末混凝土连续刚构桥的性能研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(4):6-12.WANG F,FANG Z.Performance research on long-span RPC concrete continuous rigid frame bridge[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2009,36(4):6-12.(In Chinese)
[3]方志,任亮,凡凤红.CFRP拉索预应力超高性能混凝土斜拉桥力学性能分析[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(7):53-59.FANG Z,REN L,FAN F H.Analysis of mechanical properties of high performance concrete cable stayed bridge with CFRP cables[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(7):53-59.(In Chinese)
[4]谢旭,朱越峰.CFRP拉索设计对大跨度斜拉桥力学特性的影响[J].工程力学,2007,24(11):113-120.XIE X,ZHU Y F.Study on behavior of long-span CFRP cable-stayed bridges[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(11):113-120.(In Chinese)
[5]康厚军,赵跃宇,朱志辉,等.强迫激励下CFRP斜拉索面内分叉特性[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(9):8-13.KANG H J,ZHAO Y Y,ZHU Z H,et al.In-plane bifurcation behavior of inclined CFRP cable subject to external excitation[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2014,41(9):8-13.(In Chinese)
[6]谢旭,张鹤,申永刚.钢和CFRP拉索的振型阻尼特性研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(3):151-157.XIE X,ZHANG H,SHEN Y G.Study on characteristics of modal damping of steel and CFRP stay cables[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(3):151-157.(In Chinese)
[7]JTG/T D65-01—2007公路斜拉桥设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2007:6-11.JTG/T D65-01—2007 Design specification for highway cable stayed bridge[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2007:6-11.(In Chinese)
[8]JTG/T D60-01—2004公路桥梁抗风设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:21-22.JTG/T D60-01—2004Code for wind resistant design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004:21-22.(In Chinese)
[9]韩万水,陈艾荣,胡晓伦.大跨度斜拉桥抖振时域分析理论实例验证及影响因素分析[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(6):66-71.HAN W S,CHEN A R,HU X L.Verification of time-domain buffeting theory and analysis of influence factors for long-span cable-stayed bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(6):66-71.(In Chinese)
[10]DEODATIS G.Simulation of ergodic multivariate stochastic processes[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1996,122(8):778-787.
[11]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:102-104.CHEN Z Q.Bridge wind engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2005:102-140.(In Chinese)
[12]任亮.基于高性能材料的千米级跨径混凝土斜拉桥力学性能研究[D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2013:83-84.REN L.The study of super-long span concrete cable-stayed bridge based high performance materials[D].Changsha:College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,2013:83-84.(In Chinese)
[13]DAVENPORT A G.Note on the distribution of the largest value of a random function with application to gust loading[J].Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers,1964,28(2):187-196.
[14]GRIFFIN O M,SKOP R A,RAMBERG S E.The resonant,vortex-excited vibrations of structures and cable systems[C]//Proceedings in Offshore Technology Conference.Tulsa,Oklahoma:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1975:731-744.
[15]GEURTS C P W,STAALDUINEN P C VAN.Estimation of the effects of rain-wind induced vibration in the design stage of inclined cables[C]//Proceedings 10th International Conference on Wind Engineering.Baltimore,Maryland:The Johns Hopkins University,1999:885-892.