水库热分层期藻类水华与温跃层厌氧成因分析
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摘要
以西安市李家河水库为研究对象,通过对水体理化因子和浮游植物的连续监测,对热分层期藻类垂向分布与温跃层厌氧成因进行了初步分析.结果表明:①6～9月,李家河水库水体稳定指数为2～10 m~(-1),处于稳定热分层状态,水体溶解氧呈明显的垂向以及季节差异,p H、电导率均与溶解氧呈现相同的分层结构;②李家河水体的富营养状态诱导夏季藻类水华暴发;藻细胞密度垂向差异大,集中悬停于水深0～5 m区域内,最高为2. 95×10~8cells·L~(-1),叶绿素a含量最大为46. 42mg·m~(-3);高密度藻类在温跃层内堆积分解,水深5～24 m内出现较大面积的厌氧区,pH下降、电导率和高锰酸盐指数升高;③高密度藻类分解耗氧是夏季分层期温跃层厌氧形成的主要原因.
The present study was completed at the Lijiahe Reservoir in Xi'an,northwest China. Based on persistent monitoring of the physical and chemical indexes,in addition to phytoplankton activity,the correlation between phytoplankton distribution and dissolved oxygen depletion in metalimnion were analyzed during the thermal stratification periods. The results showed that: ① During the summer stratification( from June to September),an obviously steady structure of dissolved oxygen,p H,as well as conductivity,was formed in a water column with RWCS/H indexes between 2 and 10 m~(-1). ② The algal bloom was induced by the intense stratification with maximum biomass concentration of 2. 95 × 10~8 cells·L~(-1) and chl. a of 46. 42 mg·m~(-3). With a sharp density gradient due to thermal stratification,the decayed algae cells accumulated above the metalimnion and largely consumed the dissolved oxygen,which affected the p H,conductance,as well as the permanganate index. ③ Decomposition of high-density algae was,therefore,the main cause of metalimnion hypoxia during the summer stratification periods.
The present study was completed at the Lijiahe Reservoir in Xi'an,northwest China. Based on persistent monitoring of the physical and chemical indexes,in addition to phytoplankton activity,the correlation between phytoplankton distribution and dissolved oxygen depletion in metalimnion were analyzed during the thermal stratification periods. The results showed that: ① During the summer stratification( from June to September),an obviously steady structure of dissolved oxygen,p H,as well as conductivity,was formed in a water column with RWCS/H indexes between 2 and 10 m~(-1). ② The algal bloom was induced by the intense stratification with maximum biomass concentration of 2. 95 × 10~8 cells·L~(-1) and chl. a of 46. 42 mg·m~(-3). With a sharp density gradient due to thermal stratification,the decayed algae cells accumulated above the metalimnion and largely consumed the dissolved oxygen,which affected the p H,conductance,as well as the permanganate index. ③ Decomposition of high-density algae was,therefore,the main cause of metalimnion hypoxia during the summer stratification periods.
引文
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[8]欧阳潇然,赵巧华,魏瀛珠.基于FVCOM的太湖梅梁湾夏季水温、溶解氧模拟及其影响机制初探[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(4):478-488.Ouyang X R,Zhao Q H,Wei Y Z.A preliminary exploration of dissolved oxygen based on FVCOM in Meiliang Bay,Lake Taihu and its influence mechanism[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(4):478-488.
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[10]俞焰,刘德富,杨正健,等.千岛湖溶解氧与浮游植物垂向分层特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1393-1402.Yu Y,Liu D F,Yang Z J,et al.Vertical stratification characteristics of dissolved oxygen and phytoplankton in Thousand-Island Lake and Their Influencing[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1393-1402.
[11]邱晓鹏,黄廷林,曾明正.溶解氧对湖库热分层和富营养化的响应---以枣庄周村水库为例[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1547-1553.Qiu X P,Huang T L,Zeng M Z.Responses of dissolved oxygen on thermal stratification and eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs-An example in Zhoucun Reservoir in Zaozhuang city[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1547-1553.
[12]Boehrer B,Schultze M.Stratification of lakes[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2008,46(2):RG2005.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学,2002.
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[15]曾康,黄廷林,马卫星,等.暴雨径流对分层水库水质的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):4979-4986.Zeng K,Huang T L,Ma W X,et al.Impact of storm runoff on water quality of one stratified reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(9):4979-4986.
[16]Lawson R,Anderson M A.Stratification and mixing in Lake Elsinore,California:An assessment of axial flow pumps for improving water quality in a shallow eutrophic lake[J].Water Research,2007,41(19):4457-4467.
[17]Rabouille S,Salen9on M J,Thébault M J.Functional analysis of Microcystis vertical migration:A dynamic model as a prospecting tool:I-Processes analysis[J].Ecological Modelling,2005,188(2-4):386-403.
[18]Medrano E A,Uittenbogaard R E,Pires L M D,et al.Coupling hydrodynamics and buoyancy regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa for its vertical distribution in lakes[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,248:41-56.
[19]Reynolds C S,Jaworski G H M,Cmiech H A,et al.On the annual cycle of the blue-green alga Microcystis Aeruginosa Kütz.Emend.Elenkin[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.B,Biological Sciences,1981,293(1068):419-477.
[20]Zhang Y L,Wu Z X,Liu M L,et al.Dissolved oxygen stratification and response to thermal structure and long-term climate change in a large and deep subtropical reservoir(Lake Qiandaohu,China)[J].Water Research,2015,75:249-258.
[21]邱二生.黑河水库水质及藻类监测和水体分层研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.
[22]何剑波.千岛湖水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a垂向特征研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2014.
[23]郑建军,钟成华,邓春光.试论水华的定义[J].水资源保护,2006,22(5):45-47,80.Zheng J J,Zhong C H,Deng C G.Discussion on definition of algal bloom[J].Water Resources Protection,2006,22(5):45-47,80.
[24]Qin B Q,Li W,Zhu G W,et al.Cyanobacterial bloom management through integrated monitoring and forecasting in large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu(China)[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,287:356-363.
[25]王培丽.从水动力和营养角度探讨汉江硅藻水华发生机制的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[26]乐文健.汾河水库突发嗅味污染的应急处理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012.
[27]许海,朱广伟,秦伯强,等.氮磷比对水华蓝藻优势形成的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(10):1676-1683.Xu H,Zhu G W,Qin B Q,et al.Influence of nitrogenphosphorus ratio on dominance of bloom-forming cyanobacteria(Microcystis aeruginosa)[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(10):1676-1683.
[28]高月香.水文气象因子对太湖富营养化和藻类生长的影响研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2006.
[29]张艳晴,杨桂军,秦伯强,等.光照强度对水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)群体大小增长的影响[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(4):559-566.Zhang Y Q,Yang G J,Qin B Q,et al.Effect of light intensity on growth of Microcystis flos-aquae colonies size[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(4):559-566.
[30]吴阿娜,朱梦杰,汤琳,等.淀山湖蓝藻水华高发期叶绿素a动态及相关环境因子分析[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(1):67-72.Wu E N,Zhu M J,Tang L,et al.Dynamics of chlorophyll-a and analysis of environmental factors in Lake Dianshan during summer and autumn[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(1):67-72.
[31]Gantzer P A,Bryant L D,Little J C.Effect of hypolimnetic oxygenation on oxygen depletion rates in two water-supply reservoirs[J].Water Research,2009,43(6):1700-1710.
[32]王国芳.高密度蓝藻消亡对富营养化湖泊黑臭水体形成的作用及机理[D].南京:东南大学,2015.
[33]尚丽霞,柯凡,李文朝,等.高密度蓝藻厌氧分解过程与污染物释放实验研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):47-54.Shang L X,Ke F,Li W C,et al.Laboratory research on the contaminants release during the anaerobic decomposition of highdensity cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(1):47-54.
[34]陈伟民,蔡后建.微生物对太湖微囊藻的好氧降解研究[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(3):248-252.Chen W M,Cai H J.Study on the aerobic decomposition of microcystis in Taihu Lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1996,8(3):248-252.
[2]吴志旭,刘明亮,兰佳,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)湖泊区夏季热分层期间垂向理化及浮游植物特征[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(3):460-465.Wu Z X,Liu M L,Lan J,et al.Vertical distribution of phytoplankton and physico-chemical characteristics in the lacustrine zone of Xin'anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao)in subtropic China during summer stratification[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24(3):460-465.
[3]张运林,陈伟民,杨顶田,等.天目湖热力学状况的监测与分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(1):61-67.Zhang Y L,Chen W M,Yang D T,et al.Monitoring and analysis of thermodynamics in Tianmuhu Lake[J].Advances in Water Science,2004,15(1):61-67.
[4]MarcéR,Moreno-Ostos E,García-Barcina J M,et al.Tailoring dam structures to water quality predictions in new reservoir projects:Assisting decision-making using numerical modeling[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(6):1255-1267.
[5]Wagner C,Adrian R.Consequences of changes in thermal regime for plankton diversity and trait composition in a polymictic lake:a matter of temporal scale[J].Freshwater Biology,2011,56(10):1949-1961.
[6]成晓奕,李慧赟,戴淑君.天目湖沙河水库溶解氧分层的季节变化及其对水环境影响的模拟[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(6):818-826.Cheng X Y,Li H Y,Dai S J.Modeling of seasonal vertical variation of dissolved oxygen and its impacts on water environment in Shahe reservoir within Tianmuhu reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(6):818-826.
[7]Jay D,Bowman M.The physical oceanography and water quality of New York Harbor and western Long Island Sound[J].Marine Sciences Research,1975,23:75-77.
[8]欧阳潇然,赵巧华,魏瀛珠.基于FVCOM的太湖梅梁湾夏季水温、溶解氧模拟及其影响机制初探[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(4):478-488.Ouyang X R,Zhao Q H,Wei Y Z.A preliminary exploration of dissolved oxygen based on FVCOM in Meiliang Bay,Lake Taihu and its influence mechanism[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(4):478-488.
[9]杨丽娜,李正炎,张学庆.大辽河近入海河段水体溶解氧分布特征及低氧成因的初步分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):51-57.Yang L N,Li Z Y,Zhang X Q.Distribution characteristics of dissolved oxygen and mechanism of hypoxia in the upper estuarine zone of the Daliaohe river[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):51-57.
[10]俞焰,刘德富,杨正健,等.千岛湖溶解氧与浮游植物垂向分层特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1393-1402.Yu Y,Liu D F,Yang Z J,et al.Vertical stratification characteristics of dissolved oxygen and phytoplankton in Thousand-Island Lake and Their Influencing[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1393-1402.
[11]邱晓鹏,黄廷林,曾明正.溶解氧对湖库热分层和富营养化的响应---以枣庄周村水库为例[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1547-1553.Qiu X P,Huang T L,Zeng M Z.Responses of dissolved oxygen on thermal stratification and eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs-An example in Zhoucun Reservoir in Zaozhuang city[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1547-1553.
[12]Boehrer B,Schultze M.Stratification of lakes[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2008,46(2):RG2005.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学,2002.
[14]胡鸿,魏印心.中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[15]曾康,黄廷林,马卫星,等.暴雨径流对分层水库水质的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):4979-4986.Zeng K,Huang T L,Ma W X,et al.Impact of storm runoff on water quality of one stratified reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(9):4979-4986.
[16]Lawson R,Anderson M A.Stratification and mixing in Lake Elsinore,California:An assessment of axial flow pumps for improving water quality in a shallow eutrophic lake[J].Water Research,2007,41(19):4457-4467.
[17]Rabouille S,Salen9on M J,Thébault M J.Functional analysis of Microcystis vertical migration:A dynamic model as a prospecting tool:I-Processes analysis[J].Ecological Modelling,2005,188(2-4):386-403.
[18]Medrano E A,Uittenbogaard R E,Pires L M D,et al.Coupling hydrodynamics and buoyancy regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa for its vertical distribution in lakes[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,248:41-56.
[19]Reynolds C S,Jaworski G H M,Cmiech H A,et al.On the annual cycle of the blue-green alga Microcystis Aeruginosa Kütz.Emend.Elenkin[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.B,Biological Sciences,1981,293(1068):419-477.
[20]Zhang Y L,Wu Z X,Liu M L,et al.Dissolved oxygen stratification and response to thermal structure and long-term climate change in a large and deep subtropical reservoir(Lake Qiandaohu,China)[J].Water Research,2015,75:249-258.
[21]邱二生.黑河水库水质及藻类监测和水体分层研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2010.
[22]何剑波.千岛湖水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a垂向特征研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2014.
[23]郑建军,钟成华,邓春光.试论水华的定义[J].水资源保护,2006,22(5):45-47,80.Zheng J J,Zhong C H,Deng C G.Discussion on definition of algal bloom[J].Water Resources Protection,2006,22(5):45-47,80.
[24]Qin B Q,Li W,Zhu G W,et al.Cyanobacterial bloom management through integrated monitoring and forecasting in large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu(China)[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,287:356-363.
[25]王培丽.从水动力和营养角度探讨汉江硅藻水华发生机制的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[26]乐文健.汾河水库突发嗅味污染的应急处理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012.
[27]许海,朱广伟,秦伯强,等.氮磷比对水华蓝藻优势形成的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(10):1676-1683.Xu H,Zhu G W,Qin B Q,et al.Influence of nitrogenphosphorus ratio on dominance of bloom-forming cyanobacteria(Microcystis aeruginosa)[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(10):1676-1683.
[28]高月香.水文气象因子对太湖富营养化和藻类生长的影响研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2006.
[29]张艳晴,杨桂军,秦伯强,等.光照强度对水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)群体大小增长的影响[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(4):559-566.Zhang Y Q,Yang G J,Qin B Q,et al.Effect of light intensity on growth of Microcystis flos-aquae colonies size[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(4):559-566.
[30]吴阿娜,朱梦杰,汤琳,等.淀山湖蓝藻水华高发期叶绿素a动态及相关环境因子分析[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(1):67-72.Wu E N,Zhu M J,Tang L,et al.Dynamics of chlorophyll-a and analysis of environmental factors in Lake Dianshan during summer and autumn[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(1):67-72.
[31]Gantzer P A,Bryant L D,Little J C.Effect of hypolimnetic oxygenation on oxygen depletion rates in two water-supply reservoirs[J].Water Research,2009,43(6):1700-1710.
[32]王国芳.高密度蓝藻消亡对富营养化湖泊黑臭水体形成的作用及机理[D].南京:东南大学,2015.
[33]尚丽霞,柯凡,李文朝,等.高密度蓝藻厌氧分解过程与污染物释放实验研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):47-54.Shang L X,Ke F,Li W C,et al.Laboratory research on the contaminants release during the anaerobic decomposition of highdensity cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(1):47-54.
[34]陈伟民,蔡后建.微生物对太湖微囊藻的好氧降解研究[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(3):248-252.Chen W M,Cai H J.Study on the aerobic decomposition of microcystis in Taihu Lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1996,8(3):248-252.