深部沿空留巷顶板变形破坏规律及其控制研究
|
摘要
为解决深部沿空留巷顶板变形剧烈问题,采用FLAC3D数值模拟与工程验证相结合的方法,研究了顾桥煤矿1115工作面轨道巷基本顶从掘进到二次采动超前影响阶段运动演化规律。结果表明:①顶板变形在掘进阶段呈对称分布,一次采动超前影响阶段出现向工作面侧旋转的偏态特征,顶板下沉曲线交点的斜率为7.25×10-4,留巷阶段顶板向采空侧回转下沉,此时的交点斜率增长了6倍,偏态效应显著加强,二次采动超前影响阶段顶板下沉曲线交点的斜率比留巷期间增长了3.2倍,偏态效应有所增加,但以平移下沉为主;②顶板变形量随着留巷进行逐渐增加,掘进期间巷道顶板最大下沉量为69.2 mm。以后每阶段较前一阶段变形量增长了0.99倍、0.82倍和2.13倍,可见沿空留巷顶板变形逐渐剧烈,支护难度显著增加,应统筹对沿空留巷进行支护设计;③提出了保证直接顶完整、各阶段逐级强化和减弱顶板变形偏态现象的深部沿空留巷顶板控制原则,经工程验证可实现消弱深部沿空留巷顶板剧烈变形。
In order to solve the problem of severe deformation of the roof in deep gob-side entry retaining,the combination of FLAC3 Dnumerical simulation and engineering practice were applied to study the evolution law of the basic top of the track roadway of the 1115 working face in Guqiao Coal Mine from the excavation to the secondary mining stage. The results showed that: ① The deformation of the roof is symmetrically distributed during the excavation stage. The slope of the intersection of the roof sinking curve is 7.25×10-4 during the first mining influenced stage,the slope of the intersection point has increased by 6 times during roadway retaining,and the skew effect is significantly enhanced. The slope of the intersection point of the roof sinking curve of the secondary mining stage is 3.2 times bigger than that during the roadway retaining. The skew effect is increased,but mainly due to translational subsidence; ② The deformation of the roof is gradually increased,and the maximum subsidence of the roof of the roadway during the excavation is 69.2 mm. In the future,the deformation of each stage increased by 0.99 times,0.82 times and 2.13 times compared with the previous stage. The deformation of the roof along the roadway is gradually becoming more and more severe,and the difficulty of support is significantly increased. The support design of the roadway along the gob should be coordinated. ③ The principle of roof control for deep mine along the roadway is proposed by the principle of ensuring the completeness of the immediate roof,step-by-step strengthening of each stage and weakening deformation of the roof. The engineering verification can achieve the strong deformation of the roof of the roadway along the deep roadway.
In order to solve the problem of severe deformation of the roof in deep gob-side entry retaining,the combination of FLAC3 Dnumerical simulation and engineering practice were applied to study the evolution law of the basic top of the track roadway of the 1115 working face in Guqiao Coal Mine from the excavation to the secondary mining stage. The results showed that: ① The deformation of the roof is symmetrically distributed during the excavation stage. The slope of the intersection of the roof sinking curve is 7.25×10-4 during the first mining influenced stage,the slope of the intersection point has increased by 6 times during roadway retaining,and the skew effect is significantly enhanced. The slope of the intersection point of the roof sinking curve of the secondary mining stage is 3.2 times bigger than that during the roadway retaining. The skew effect is increased,but mainly due to translational subsidence; ② The deformation of the roof is gradually increased,and the maximum subsidence of the roof of the roadway during the excavation is 69.2 mm. In the future,the deformation of each stage increased by 0.99 times,0.82 times and 2.13 times compared with the previous stage. The deformation of the roof along the roadway is gradually becoming more and more severe,and the difficulty of support is significantly increased. The support design of the roadway along the gob should be coordinated. ③ The principle of roof control for deep mine along the roadway is proposed by the principle of ensuring the completeness of the immediate roof,step-by-step strengthening of each stage and weakening deformation of the roof. The engineering verification can achieve the strong deformation of the roof of the roadway along the deep roadway.
引文
[1]刘长武,郭永峰.锚网(索)支护煤巷顶板离层临界值分析[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S2):231-234.LIU Changwu,GUO Yongfeng.Analysis on roof bedding separation critical value of coal mining gallery supported with bolts(cables)[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(S2):231-234.
[2]孙恒虎,赵炳利.沿空留巷的理论与实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993:45-60.
[3]华心祝,马俊枫,许庭教.锚杆支护巷道巷旁锚索加强支护沿空留巷围岩控制机制研究应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2107-2112.HUA Xinzhu,MA Junfeng,XU Tingjiao.Study on controlling mechanism of surrounding rocks of gob-side entry with combination of roadside reinforced cable supporting and roadway bolt supporting and its applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2107-2112.
[4]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):183-186.BAI Jianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Development of support technology beside roadway in goaf-side entry retaining for next sublevel[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):183-186.
[5]陈勇,柏建彪,朱涛垒,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护体作用机制及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1427-1432.CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,ZHU Taolei,et al.Mechanisms of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1427-1432.
[6]华心祝,李迎富.沿空留巷底板变形力学分析及底臌防控[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1624-1631.HUA Xinzhu,LI Yingfu.Mechanics analysis on floor deformation of gob-side entry retaining and prevention and control of floor heave[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1624-1631.
[7]谭云亮,于凤海,宁建国,等.沿空巷旁支护适应性原理与支护方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):376-382.TAN Yuanliang,YU Fenghai,NING Jianguo,et al. Adaptability theory of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its supporting design[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):376-382.
[8]李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷上覆岩层关键块稳定性力学分析及巷旁充填体宽度确定[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1134-1140.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu. Mechanical analysis of stability of key blocks of overlying strata for gob-side entry retaining and calculating width of roadside backfill[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1134-1140.
[9]宁建国,马鹏飞,刘学生,等.坚硬顶板沿空留巷巷旁“让-抗”支护机理[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):369-374.NING Jianguo,MA Pengfei,LIU Xuesheng,et al.Supporting mechanism of“yielding-supporting”beside roadway maintained along the goaf under hard rocks[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):369-374.
[10]张建国.平禹矿区煤与瓦斯突出事故分析及防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):9-15.ZHANG Jianguo.Analysis and prevention technical of coal and gas outburst accidents in Pingyu Mining Area[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):9-15.
[11]何廷峻.应用Wilson铰接岩块理论进行巷旁支护设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):173-177.HE Tingjun. Gateside supports designed by Wilson theory of hinged rock block[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):173-177.
[12]陈勇.沿空留巷围岩结构运动稳定机理与控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012:14-20.
[13]姚亚虎,张庆华.千米埋深坚硬顶板沿空留巷技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(5):86-91,180.YAO Yahu,ZHANG Qinghua. Study on technology of gob-side entry retaining with hard roof in 1 000 m deep mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(5):86-91,180.
[14]阚甲广.典型顶板条件沿空留巷围岩结构分析及控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009:100-120.
[15]杨朋,华心祝,杨科,等.深部复合顶板条件下沿空留巷顶板变形特征试验及控制对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(6):1067-1074.YANG Peng,HUA Xinzhu,YANG Ke,et al.Experimental of compound roof deformation characteristics of gob-side entry retaining in deep mine and support measures[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1067-1074.
[16]杨百顺,唐小山,凌志迁,等.深部开采巷旁充填沿空留巷围岩活动规律研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(6):58-64.YANG Baishun,TANG Xiaoshan,LIN Zhiqian,et al. Study on surrounding rock moving law of roadside filling's gob-side entry retaining in deep mining[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(6):58-64.
[17]康红普,范明建,高富强,等.超千米深井巷道围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2227-2241.KANG Hongpu,FAN Mingjian,GAO Fuqiang,et al. Deformation and support of rock roadway at depth more than 1000 metera[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2227-2241.
[18]李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷围岩结构稳定性力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2262-2269.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu. Mechanical analysis on the stability of surrounding rock structure of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2262-2269.
[19]李胜,范超军,罗明坤,等.综放沿空留巷底鼓变形及其控制研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(7):116-122.LI Sheng,FAN Chaojun,LUO Mingkun,et al.Study on floor heave of god-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized top-coal caving face and its control[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(7):116-122.
[20]谭云亮,于凤海,宁建国,等.沿空巷旁支护适应性原理与支护方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):376-382.TAN Yunliang,YU Fenghai,NING Jianguo,et al. Adaptability theory of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its supporting design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):376-382.
[21]谢文兵,笪建原,冯光明.综放沿空留巷围岩控制机理[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2004,45(4):657-661.XIE Wenbing,DA Jianyuan,FENG Guangming. Mechanism of controlling surrounding rock around gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology:Science and Technology,2004,45(4):657-661.
[2]孙恒虎,赵炳利.沿空留巷的理论与实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993:45-60.
[3]华心祝,马俊枫,许庭教.锚杆支护巷道巷旁锚索加强支护沿空留巷围岩控制机制研究应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2107-2112.HUA Xinzhu,MA Junfeng,XU Tingjiao.Study on controlling mechanism of surrounding rocks of gob-side entry with combination of roadside reinforced cable supporting and roadway bolt supporting and its applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2107-2112.
[4]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):183-186.BAI Jianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Development of support technology beside roadway in goaf-side entry retaining for next sublevel[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):183-186.
[5]陈勇,柏建彪,朱涛垒,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护体作用机制及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1427-1432.CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,ZHU Taolei,et al.Mechanisms of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1427-1432.
[6]华心祝,李迎富.沿空留巷底板变形力学分析及底臌防控[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1624-1631.HUA Xinzhu,LI Yingfu.Mechanics analysis on floor deformation of gob-side entry retaining and prevention and control of floor heave[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1624-1631.
[7]谭云亮,于凤海,宁建国,等.沿空巷旁支护适应性原理与支护方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):376-382.TAN Yuanliang,YU Fenghai,NING Jianguo,et al. Adaptability theory of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its supporting design[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):376-382.
[8]李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷上覆岩层关键块稳定性力学分析及巷旁充填体宽度确定[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1134-1140.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu. Mechanical analysis of stability of key blocks of overlying strata for gob-side entry retaining and calculating width of roadside backfill[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1134-1140.
[9]宁建国,马鹏飞,刘学生,等.坚硬顶板沿空留巷巷旁“让-抗”支护机理[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):369-374.NING Jianguo,MA Pengfei,LIU Xuesheng,et al.Supporting mechanism of“yielding-supporting”beside roadway maintained along the goaf under hard rocks[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):369-374.
[10]张建国.平禹矿区煤与瓦斯突出事故分析及防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):9-15.ZHANG Jianguo.Analysis and prevention technical of coal and gas outburst accidents in Pingyu Mining Area[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):9-15.
[11]何廷峻.应用Wilson铰接岩块理论进行巷旁支护设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):173-177.HE Tingjun. Gateside supports designed by Wilson theory of hinged rock block[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):173-177.
[12]陈勇.沿空留巷围岩结构运动稳定机理与控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012:14-20.
[13]姚亚虎,张庆华.千米埋深坚硬顶板沿空留巷技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(5):86-91,180.YAO Yahu,ZHANG Qinghua. Study on technology of gob-side entry retaining with hard roof in 1 000 m deep mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(5):86-91,180.
[14]阚甲广.典型顶板条件沿空留巷围岩结构分析及控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009:100-120.
[15]杨朋,华心祝,杨科,等.深部复合顶板条件下沿空留巷顶板变形特征试验及控制对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(6):1067-1074.YANG Peng,HUA Xinzhu,YANG Ke,et al.Experimental of compound roof deformation characteristics of gob-side entry retaining in deep mine and support measures[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1067-1074.
[16]杨百顺,唐小山,凌志迁,等.深部开采巷旁充填沿空留巷围岩活动规律研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(6):58-64.YANG Baishun,TANG Xiaoshan,LIN Zhiqian,et al. Study on surrounding rock moving law of roadside filling's gob-side entry retaining in deep mining[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(6):58-64.
[17]康红普,范明建,高富强,等.超千米深井巷道围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2227-2241.KANG Hongpu,FAN Mingjian,GAO Fuqiang,et al. Deformation and support of rock roadway at depth more than 1000 metera[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2227-2241.
[18]李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷围岩结构稳定性力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2262-2269.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu. Mechanical analysis on the stability of surrounding rock structure of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2262-2269.
[19]李胜,范超军,罗明坤,等.综放沿空留巷底鼓变形及其控制研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(7):116-122.LI Sheng,FAN Chaojun,LUO Mingkun,et al.Study on floor heave of god-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized top-coal caving face and its control[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(7):116-122.
[20]谭云亮,于凤海,宁建国,等.沿空巷旁支护适应性原理与支护方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):376-382.TAN Yunliang,YU Fenghai,NING Jianguo,et al. Adaptability theory of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its supporting design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):376-382.
[21]谢文兵,笪建原,冯光明.综放沿空留巷围岩控制机理[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2004,45(4):657-661.XIE Wenbing,DA Jianyuan,FENG Guangming. Mechanism of controlling surrounding rock around gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology:Science and Technology,2004,45(4):657-661.