HL-2A托卡马克等离子体中的离散阿尔芬本征模
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摘要
在HL-2A装置上,运用磁流体力学数值模拟程序,探究了在低杂波辅助加热放电方案中,低杂波能量沉积区域内的离散阿尔芬本征模(αTAE,α是等离子体压强梯度的标度)的物理特征;探讨了不同等离子体剖面下,αTAE的分布情况.运用线性回旋动理学和磁流体力学混合模拟程序,研究了中性束注入不同能量的粒子对αTAE的影响;另外,还探究了能量沉积区域内的αTAE被高能量粒子激发成不稳定性的物理特征.通过模拟发现,在该装置上α的值相对较小,αTAE主要分布在负磁剪切区域.在低杂波能量沉积区域内伴有丰富的αTAE,且低杂波能量沉积量越大,αTAE频率越高.此外,在不同等离子体剖面下,大量αTAE被束缚于沿HL-2A托卡马克小半径方向上的不同区域.随着中性束注入粒子能量逐渐增大,αTAE的多支模也被激发成不稳定模式,这种不稳定模式潜在影响托卡马克对等离子体的约束性能.
Basing on HL-2A tokamak, applying a magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) simulate codes, we study the characteristics of discrete Alfvén eigenmodes(αTAEs, α is a measure of plasma pressure gradient) in the power deposition region of lower hybrid wave auxiliary heating scheme. We explore the distribution of αTAE upon varied different plasma profiles.Employing gyrokinetic-MHD hybrid simulate codes, we investigate αTAE kinetically excited by energetic particles produced by neutral beam injection. Furthermore, we study physical characteristics of αTAE destabilized by energy particles in the lower hybrid wave power deposition region. In addition, we find that there exist αTAEs in HL-2A tokamak with relatively small α values. Besides, the αTAEs are mainly distributed in the reversal magnetic shear region.There are the abundant αTAEs in the lower hybrid wave power deposition region, where the amount of lower hybrid wave power deposition is greater. Moreover, with different plasma profiles, abundant αTAEs are found in the different region in the directions of the small radius of the HL-2A tokamak. With the increase of the neutral beam injection energy,the multiple branches of αTAEs are developed kinetically into unstable modes, which may potentially affect the plasma confinement of tokamak.
Basing on HL-2A tokamak, applying a magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) simulate codes, we study the characteristics of discrete Alfvén eigenmodes(αTAEs, α is a measure of plasma pressure gradient) in the power deposition region of lower hybrid wave auxiliary heating scheme. We explore the distribution of αTAE upon varied different plasma profiles.Employing gyrokinetic-MHD hybrid simulate codes, we investigate αTAE kinetically excited by energetic particles produced by neutral beam injection. Furthermore, we study physical characteristics of αTAE destabilized by energy particles in the lower hybrid wave power deposition region. In addition, we find that there exist αTAEs in HL-2A tokamak with relatively small α values. Besides, the αTAEs are mainly distributed in the reversal magnetic shear region.There are the abundant αTAEs in the lower hybrid wave power deposition region, where the amount of lower hybrid wave power deposition is greater. Moreover, with different plasma profiles, abundant αTAEs are found in the different region in the directions of the small radius of the HL-2A tokamak. With the increase of the neutral beam injection energy,the multiple branches of αTAEs are developed kinetically into unstable modes, which may potentially affect the plasma confinement of tokamak.
引文
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2 Cheng C Z,Chen L,Chance M S.High-n ideal and resistive shear Alfvén waves in tokamaks.Ann Phys,1985,161:21-47
3 Mikhailovskii A B,Sharapov S E.Beta-induced temperature-gradient eigenmodes in tokamaks:I.General ideas and MHD theory.Plasma Phys Rep,1999,25:803-816
4 Heidbrink W W,Van Zeeland M A,Austin M E,et al.Central flattening of the fast-ion profile in reversed-shear DIII-D discharges.Nucl Fusion,2008,48:084001
5 Fu G Y,Cheng C Z.Excitation of high-n toroidicity-induced shear Alfvén eigenmodes by energetic particles and fusion alpha particles in tokamaks.Phys Fluids B-Plasma Phys,1992,4:3722-3734
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11 Kong R,Hu S H,Wang S,et al.Discrete Alfven eigenmodes excited by energetic particles in JT-60U and JT-60SA(in Chinese).Nucl Fusion Plasma Phys,2013,33:113-120[孔冉,胡双辉,王帅,等.JT-60U及JT-60SA运行条件下高能量粒子激发的离散阿尔芬本征模.核聚变与等离子体物理,2013,33:113-120]
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13 Yan X C,Hu S H,Wu H.Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes under the condition of bootstrap current in EAST(in Chinese).Sci Sin-Phys Mech Astron,2017,47:065202[闫星辰,胡双辉,吴昊.EAST自举电流条件下离散阿尔芬本征模.中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2017,47:065202]
14 Wu X K,Sun X Q,Liu Y X,et al.Effects of width and density of supersonic molecule beam on penetration depth of tokamak(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2017,66:177-188[吴雪科,孙小琴,刘殷学,等.超声分子束注入密度和宽度对托克马克装置加料深度的影响.物理学报,2017,66:177-188]
15 Xiao Y.Massively parallel gyrokinetic simulation for magnetic fusion plasmas(in Chinese).J China Univ Metrol,2016,27:1-10[肖湧.磁约束聚变等离子体的大规模回旋动理学模拟.中国计量大学学报,2016,27:1-10]
16 Chen W,Jiang M,Xu Y,et al.Experimental observation of multi-scale interactions among kink/tearing modes and high-frequency fluctuations in the HL-2A core NBI plasmas.Nucl Fusion,2017,57:114003
17 Chen W,Yu L M,Ding X T,et al.Core-localized Alfvénic modes driven by energetic ions in HL-2A NBI plasmas with weak magnetic shears.Nucl Fusion,2016,56:036018
18 Chen W,Ding X T,Yu L M,et al.Observation of energetic-particle-induced GAM and nonlinear interactions between EGAM,BAEs and tearing modes on the HL-2A tokamak.Nucl Fusion,2013,53:113010
19 Chen L,Hasegawa A.Kinetic theory of geomagnetic pulsations:1.Internal excitations by energetic particles.J Geophys Res,1991,96:1503-1512
20 Lee Y C,van Dam J W,Drake J F,et al.Kinetic theory of ballooning instabilities and studies of tearing instabilities.In:Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Plasma Physics and controlled nuclear fusion.Innsbruck:International Atomic Agency,1979
21 Connor J W,Hastie R J,Taylor J B.High mode number stability of an axisymmetric toroidal plasma.Proc R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,1979,365:1-17
22 Connor J W,Hastie R J,Taylor J B.Shear,periodicity,and plasma ballooning modes.Phys Rev Lett,1978,40:396-399
23 Chen L.Theory of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities excited by energetic particles in tokamaks.Phys Plasmas,1994,1:1519-1522
24 Hu S,Chen L.Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes excited by energetic particles in high-βtoroidal plasmas.Plasma Phys Control Fusion,2005,47:1251-1269
25 Gao Q D,Long Y X,Budny R V,et al.TF ripple induced stochastic diffusion of energetic particles in advanced tokamak configurations on HL-2A.In:22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Geneva,Switzerland,2008
26 Gao Q D,Wang H,Yuan B S.Modelling of profile control with lower hybrid wave injection in the HL-2A single-null divertor plasma.TOPPJ,2004,2:79-86
27 Jiang M,Ding X T,Shi Z B,et al.Observation of the double e-fishbone instability in HL-2A ECRH/ECCD plasmas.Phys Plasmas,2017,24:022110
28 Gao Q,Budny R V,Zhang J,et al.Sustained reversed magnetic shear mode of operation in the HL-2A tokamak.Nucl Fusion,2000,40:1897-1907
29 Gao Q D,Budny R V,Jiao Y M,et al.Current profile control and optimization under dominant electron heating in HL-2A.Nucl Fusion,2007,47:1318-1325
30 Chen W,Yu L M,Liu Y,et al.Destabilization of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes driven by energetic ions during NBI in HL-2A plasmas with qmin~1.Nucl Fusion,2014,54:104002
2 Cheng C Z,Chen L,Chance M S.High-n ideal and resistive shear Alfvén waves in tokamaks.Ann Phys,1985,161:21-47
3 Mikhailovskii A B,Sharapov S E.Beta-induced temperature-gradient eigenmodes in tokamaks:I.General ideas and MHD theory.Plasma Phys Rep,1999,25:803-816
4 Heidbrink W W,Van Zeeland M A,Austin M E,et al.Central flattening of the fast-ion profile in reversed-shear DIII-D discharges.Nucl Fusion,2008,48:084001
5 Fu G Y,Cheng C Z.Excitation of high-n toroidicity-induced shear Alfvén eigenmodes by energetic particles and fusion alpha particles in tokamaks.Phys Fluids B-Plasma Phys,1992,4:3722-3734
6 Bi H L,Wei L,Fan D M,et al.Excitations of tearing mode and Kelvin-Helmholtz mode in rotating cylindrical plasmas(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2016,65:248-255[毕海亮,魏来,范冬梅,等.旋转圆柱等离子体中撕裂模和Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的激发特性.物理学报,2016,65:248-255]
7 Hu S,Chen L.Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes in high-βtoroidal plasmas.Phys Plasmas,2004,11:1-4
8 Wu H,Hu S H,He Q M,et al.Discrete Alfven eigenmodes in tokamaks(in Chinese).J Guizhou Univ(Nat Sci),2018,35:44-51[吴昊,胡双辉,何秋明,等.托卡马克中的离散阿尔芬本征模.贵州大学学报:自然科学版,2018,35:44-51]
9 Wang Y R,Hu S H,Yao L B,et al.Discrete Alfven eigenmodes in high performance discharges in the DⅢ-D tokamak(in Chinese).Nucl Fusion Plasma Phys,2012,32:140-147[王一如,胡双辉,姚龙宝,等.DⅢ-D高性能运行参数下的离散阿尔芬本征模.核聚变与等离子体物理,2012,32:140-147]
10 Wang J,Hu S H,Dai Q P.Discrete Alfven eigenmodes in the ITER(in Chinese).J Guizhou Univ(Nat Sci),2010,27:26-28[王军,胡双辉,代清平.ITER中的离散阿尔芬本征模.贵州大学学报,2010,27:26-28]
11 Kong R,Hu S H,Wang S,et al.Discrete Alfven eigenmodes excited by energetic particles in JT-60U and JT-60SA(in Chinese).Nucl Fusion Plasma Phys,2013,33:113-120[孔冉,胡双辉,王帅,等.JT-60U及JT-60SA运行条件下高能量粒子激发的离散阿尔芬本征模.核聚变与等离子体物理,2013,33:113-120]
12 Wang S,Long C Y,Hu S H,et al.Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes excited by energetic particles in JET(in Chinese).Nucl Fusion Plasma Phys,2013,33:304-311[王帅,龙超云,胡双辉,等.JET运行条件下高能量粒子激发的离散阿尔芬本征模.核聚变与等离子体物理,2013,33:304-311]
13 Yan X C,Hu S H,Wu H.Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes under the condition of bootstrap current in EAST(in Chinese).Sci Sin-Phys Mech Astron,2017,47:065202[闫星辰,胡双辉,吴昊.EAST自举电流条件下离散阿尔芬本征模.中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2017,47:065202]
14 Wu X K,Sun X Q,Liu Y X,et al.Effects of width and density of supersonic molecule beam on penetration depth of tokamak(in Chinese).Acta Phys Sin,2017,66:177-188[吴雪科,孙小琴,刘殷学,等.超声分子束注入密度和宽度对托克马克装置加料深度的影响.物理学报,2017,66:177-188]
15 Xiao Y.Massively parallel gyrokinetic simulation for magnetic fusion plasmas(in Chinese).J China Univ Metrol,2016,27:1-10[肖湧.磁约束聚变等离子体的大规模回旋动理学模拟.中国计量大学学报,2016,27:1-10]
16 Chen W,Jiang M,Xu Y,et al.Experimental observation of multi-scale interactions among kink/tearing modes and high-frequency fluctuations in the HL-2A core NBI plasmas.Nucl Fusion,2017,57:114003
17 Chen W,Yu L M,Ding X T,et al.Core-localized Alfvénic modes driven by energetic ions in HL-2A NBI plasmas with weak magnetic shears.Nucl Fusion,2016,56:036018
18 Chen W,Ding X T,Yu L M,et al.Observation of energetic-particle-induced GAM and nonlinear interactions between EGAM,BAEs and tearing modes on the HL-2A tokamak.Nucl Fusion,2013,53:113010
19 Chen L,Hasegawa A.Kinetic theory of geomagnetic pulsations:1.Internal excitations by energetic particles.J Geophys Res,1991,96:1503-1512
20 Lee Y C,van Dam J W,Drake J F,et al.Kinetic theory of ballooning instabilities and studies of tearing instabilities.In:Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Plasma Physics and controlled nuclear fusion.Innsbruck:International Atomic Agency,1979
21 Connor J W,Hastie R J,Taylor J B.High mode number stability of an axisymmetric toroidal plasma.Proc R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,1979,365:1-17
22 Connor J W,Hastie R J,Taylor J B.Shear,periodicity,and plasma ballooning modes.Phys Rev Lett,1978,40:396-399
23 Chen L.Theory of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities excited by energetic particles in tokamaks.Phys Plasmas,1994,1:1519-1522
24 Hu S,Chen L.Discrete Alfvén eigenmodes excited by energetic particles in high-βtoroidal plasmas.Plasma Phys Control Fusion,2005,47:1251-1269
25 Gao Q D,Long Y X,Budny R V,et al.TF ripple induced stochastic diffusion of energetic particles in advanced tokamak configurations on HL-2A.In:22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Geneva,Switzerland,2008
26 Gao Q D,Wang H,Yuan B S.Modelling of profile control with lower hybrid wave injection in the HL-2A single-null divertor plasma.TOPPJ,2004,2:79-86
27 Jiang M,Ding X T,Shi Z B,et al.Observation of the double e-fishbone instability in HL-2A ECRH/ECCD plasmas.Phys Plasmas,2017,24:022110
28 Gao Q,Budny R V,Zhang J,et al.Sustained reversed magnetic shear mode of operation in the HL-2A tokamak.Nucl Fusion,2000,40:1897-1907
29 Gao Q D,Budny R V,Jiao Y M,et al.Current profile control and optimization under dominant electron heating in HL-2A.Nucl Fusion,2007,47:1318-1325
30 Chen W,Yu L M,Liu Y,et al.Destabilization of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes driven by energetic ions during NBI in HL-2A plasmas with qmin~1.Nucl Fusion,2014,54:104002