湖北省郧县滴水岩旧石器时代遗址发掘简报
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摘要
滴水岩旧石器时代遗址位于湖北省十堰市郧阳区(原郧县)青曲镇弥陀寺村一组,埋藏于汉江支流——曲远河右岸的二级阶地,是汉江上游地区一处重要的旧石器时代晚期遗址。滴水岩旧石器时代遗址共发现石制品918件,表现出以下特点:远古居民从古河床中选取打制石器的素材,其中脉石英和硅质岩砾石是主要原料;加工方法除硬锤锤击法外,还使用锐棱砸击法;石器的主要素材是砾石(石核),类型包括砍砸器、手镐和手斧等。该遗址出土的石制品组合包括砾石(208件)、碎块(片)(550件)、石核(42件)、石片(17件)、石锤(6件)和石器(95件)。经过光释光测年方法测年,滴水岩旧石器时代遗址的年代在距今8万至1万年之间,属于旧石器时代晚期,仍具有我国南方砾石石器文化面貌的主要特征,是中国南方砾石石器文化的传承者。
The Dishuiyan Site is an important Paleolithic Site in the upper reaches of Han River, located at Yunxian County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, buried in the secondary terrace of Quyuan River which is a tributary of the Han River. A total of 918 pieces of stone artifacts were found in Dishuiyan Paleolithic Site, which have following characteristics: Ancient people selected the rock from the ancient riverbed to chip stone tool and they prefer to choose vein quartz and silica rock as main raw material. Excepting for hard hammer hammering method, ridged-hammer bipolar flaking is another processing method of making stone artifacts. The main material is gravel(stone-core), including the types of chopper, chopping-tool, picks and hand-axe etc. The combinations of stone artifacts unearthed include gravels(208), fragments(550), stone-cores(42), flakes(17), stone hammers(6) and stone tools(95). After using the OSL dating and the TT-OSL dating methods, the Dishuiyan Site is dating from 80,000 to 10,000 years, which belongs to the late Paleolithic age. In addition, through the research on stone artifacts found that Dishuiyan Paleolithic site has main features of pebble tools in south of China and it is the successor of its pebble tools culture.
The Dishuiyan Site is an important Paleolithic Site in the upper reaches of Han River, located at Yunxian County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, buried in the secondary terrace of Quyuan River which is a tributary of the Han River. A total of 918 pieces of stone artifacts were found in Dishuiyan Paleolithic Site, which have following characteristics: Ancient people selected the rock from the ancient riverbed to chip stone tool and they prefer to choose vein quartz and silica rock as main raw material. Excepting for hard hammer hammering method, ridged-hammer bipolar flaking is another processing method of making stone artifacts. The main material is gravel(stone-core), including the types of chopper, chopping-tool, picks and hand-axe etc. The combinations of stone artifacts unearthed include gravels(208), fragments(550), stone-cores(42), flakes(17), stone hammers(6) and stone tools(95). After using the OSL dating and the TT-OSL dating methods, the Dishuiyan Site is dating from 80,000 to 10,000 years, which belongs to the late Paleolithic age. In addition, through the research on stone artifacts found that Dishuiyan Paleolithic site has main features of pebble tools in south of China and it is the successor of its pebble tools culture.
引文
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[2]湖北地质矿产局.湖北区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1990:259、620.
[3]黄培华,李文森.湖北郧县曲远河口的地貌、第四纪地层和埋藏环境.江汉考古,1995,(4):83~86.
[4]李超荣.丹江库区发现的旧石器.中国历史博物馆馆刊,1998,(30):4~11.
[5]朱震达.汉江上游丹江口至白河间的河谷地貌.地理学报,1955,(3):259~271.
[6]Fran?ois Bordes. Typologie du Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Paris:CNRSéditions,2002.
[7]Fran?ois Bordes. Le?ons Sur le Paléolithique:Tome1,NotionsdeGéologieQuaternaire.Paris:CNRSéditions,2002.
[8]Fran?ois Bordes. Le?ons Sur le Paléolithique:Tome2, Paléolithique en Europe. Paris:CNRSéditions,2002.
[9]王社江,胡松梅.丹江上游腰市盆地的旧石器.考古与文物,2000,(4):36~42.
[10]王社江,刘顺民.东秦岭山地商洛市和山阳县新发现的两处旧石器地点.考古与文物,2011,(1):24~28.
[11]王社江,张小兵等.丹江上游商丹盆地新发现的旧石器及其埋藏黄土地层.人类学学报,2013,32(4):421~431.
[12]小空山联合发掘队.1987年河南南召小空山旧石器遗址发掘报告.华夏考古,1988,(4):1~15.
[13]群力.湖北郧西县白龙洞又发现猿人化石.人类学学报,1983,2(2):203.
[14]武仙竹,刘武,等.湖北郧西黄龙洞更新世晚期古人类遗址.科学通报,2006,51(16):1929~1935.
[15]李天元,武仙竹.房县樟脑洞发现的旧石器.江汉考古,1986,(3):1~4.
[16]陆成秋.郧县曲远河口旧石器点//湖北省南水北调工程重要考古发现I.北京:文物出版社,2007:89~94.
[17]李超荣,张双权.丹江口双树旧石器点//湖北省南水北调工程重要考古发现I.北京:文物出版社,2007:20~23.
[18]裴树文,关莹等.丹江口库区彭家河旧石器遗址发掘简报.人类学学报,2008,27(2):95~110.
[19]周振宇,王春雪等.丹江口北泰山庙旧石器遗址发掘简报.人类学学报,2009,28(3):246~261.
[20]李超荣,李锋等.丹江口红石坎Ⅰ旧石器点//湖北省南水北调工程重要考古发现II.北京:文物出版社,2010:14~18.
[21]李浩,李超荣等.丹江口库区果茶场Ⅱ旧石器遗址发掘简报.人类学学报,2013,32(2):144~155.
[22]牛东伟,马宁等.丹江口库区宋湾旧石器地点发掘简报.人类学学报,2012,31(1):11~23.
[23]方启,陈全家.丹江口杜店旧石器点//湖北省南水北调工程重要考古发现II.北京:文物出版社,2010:19~24.
[24]方启,陈全家等.黄家湾旧石器遗址发掘简报.考古与文物,2011,(1):29~35.
[25]方启,陈全家等.龙口旧石器遗址调查简报.历史教学,2011,(4):46~50.
[26]陈全家,陈晓颖等.丹江口库区水牛洼旧石器遗址发掘简报.人类学学报,2014,33(1):27~38.
[27]陈胜前,陈慧等.湖北郧县余嘴2号旧石器地点发掘简报.人类学学报,2014,33(1):39~50.
[28]方启,陈全家等.湖北丹江口北泰山庙2号旧石器地点发掘简报.人类学学报,2012,31(4):344~354.
[29]湖北省博物馆.丹江口市石鼓后山坡旧石器地点调查简报.江汉考古,1987,(4):1~6.
[30]北京联合大学应用文理学院历史文博系,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所.湖北郧县刘湾旧石器时代遗址发掘简报.江汉考古,2012,(2):3~11.
[31]王社江,鹿化煜.秦岭南麓汉水上游旧石器考古研究现状与契机.人类学学报,2014,33(3):315~328.
[32]李天元,冯小波,等.郧县人.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2001.