鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组沉积环境:来自地球化学的证据
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摘要
姬塬地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地中西部,主要含油层位为上三叠统延长组。延长组长6油层组是重要的含油层系,其沉积期跨越2个三级层序,从底至顶又再分为长6_3、长6_2、长6_1共3个小层。依据元素地球化学资料,对姬塬地区长6油层组氧化还原环境、古盐度、古水深、古气候进行研究。结果表明,姬塬地区长6油层组沉积时期处于温暖湿润的气候条件下,整体为低盐度的淡水湖泊沉积;氧化和还原环境共存,还原环境范围逐步减小并有所迁移;湖盆有逐渐缩小和变浅的趋势,后期趋于稳定。长6_3沉积时期,湖泊范围较大,砂体主要为河口坝和远砂坝沉积,半深湖发育浊积砂体。随着湖平面的下降,长6_2沉积时期湖盆范围明显缩小,半深湖砂体基本不发育,以河口坝砂体为主。长6_1沉积时期,湖盆范围相比长6_2略有缩小,砂体厚度明显增大,在湖盆范围内发育多期河道叠加及河道—河口坝叠加成因的砂体。该研究成果有助于明确该地区的沉积演化规律,对进一步勘探开发提供参考。
The Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation is the main oil-bearing strata in Jiyuan area,middle-western Ordos Basin. The Chang 6 oil-bearing interval is one of the most important oil-bearing horizons,which can be subdivided into 3 layers,i. e.,6_3,6_2,and 6_1 layers in ascending order. The Chang 6 oil-bearing interval spans two three-order sequences. The redox environment,salinity,water depth and paleoclimate are reconstructed based on element geochemical data. In the warm and humid climate,the lake was generally low in paleo salinity. In addition,both oxidizing and reducing conditions co-existed.The reducing environment gradually decreased and migrated. While the water depth tended to decrease and become stable in the latter. In Jiyuan area,the sedimentary characteristics of Chang 6_1,6_2 and 6_3 layers are different. At the beginning of Chang 6,it inherited the sedimentary characteristics of the lacustrine basin in the end of Chang 7 oil-bearing interval. The lake range of Chang 6_3 was large and its sand bodies were mainly composed of the mouth bars and distal bars. Turbidite sand bodies developed in semi-deep lake. Along with the declining lake level,the length of the shoreline of Chang 6_2 was obviously reducing,and the-semi deep lake did not develop. The lake shoreline length of the Chang 6_1 was slightly smaller than that of the Chang 6_2,and the sand body thickness increased dramatically. In the range of the lakeshore line,there were many sand bodies formed by superposition of river channels and mouth bars. The results can help to clarify the sedimentary evolution laws of the Jiyuan area and provide reference for further exploration and development.
The Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation is the main oil-bearing strata in Jiyuan area,middle-western Ordos Basin. The Chang 6 oil-bearing interval is one of the most important oil-bearing horizons,which can be subdivided into 3 layers,i. e.,6_3,6_2,and 6_1 layers in ascending order. The Chang 6 oil-bearing interval spans two three-order sequences. The redox environment,salinity,water depth and paleoclimate are reconstructed based on element geochemical data. In the warm and humid climate,the lake was generally low in paleo salinity. In addition,both oxidizing and reducing conditions co-existed.The reducing environment gradually decreased and migrated. While the water depth tended to decrease and become stable in the latter. In Jiyuan area,the sedimentary characteristics of Chang 6_1,6_2 and 6_3 layers are different. At the beginning of Chang 6,it inherited the sedimentary characteristics of the lacustrine basin in the end of Chang 7 oil-bearing interval. The lake range of Chang 6_3 was large and its sand bodies were mainly composed of the mouth bars and distal bars. Turbidite sand bodies developed in semi-deep lake. Along with the declining lake level,the length of the shoreline of Chang 6_2 was obviously reducing,and the-semi deep lake did not develop. The lake shoreline length of the Chang 6_1 was slightly smaller than that of the Chang 6_2,and the sand body thickness increased dramatically. In the range of the lakeshore line,there were many sand bodies formed by superposition of river channels and mouth bars. The results can help to clarify the sedimentary evolution laws of the Jiyuan area and provide reference for further exploration and development.
引文
公繁浩,鲍志东,刘丽,伍星.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6油层组沉积微相特征.世界地质,29(4):614-621.[Gong F H,Bao Z D,Liu L,Wu X.2010.Sedimentary microfacies characters of Chang 6 oil-bearing formation in Jiyuan area of Erdos Basin.Global Geology,29(4):614-621]
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李进龙,陈东敬.2003.古盐度定量研究方法综述.油气地质与采收率,10(5):1-3.[Li J L,Chen D J.2003.Summary of quantified research method on paleosalinity.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,10(5):1-3]
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庞军刚,杨友运,郝磊.2012.湖盆古水深恢复研究现状综述.长江大学学报(自然科学版),9(9):42-45.[Pang J G,Yang Y Y,Hao L.2012.Review of studies on the restoration of paleowater depth in lake basins.Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edtion),9(9):42-45]
王昌勇,郑荣才,李士祥,韩永林,王成玉,史建南,周祺.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地早期构造演化与沉积响应:以姬塬地区长8~长6油层组为例.中国地质,37(1):134-143.[Wang C Y,Zheng R C,Li S X,Han Y L,Wang C Y,Shi J N,Zhou Q.2010.Early tectonic evolution and sedimentary response of Ordos Basin:A case study of Interval 8~Interval 6 oil layers of Yanchang Formation in Jiyuan area.Geology in China,37(1):134-143]
王随继,黄杏珍,妥进才,邵宏舜,阎存凤,王寿庆,何祖荣.1997.泌阳凹陷核桃园组微量元素演化特征及其古气候意义.沉积学报,15(1):66-71.[Wang S J,Huang X Z,Tuo J C,Shao H S,Yan C F,He Z R.1997.Evolutional characteristics and their paleoclimate significance of trace elements in the Hetaoyuan formation,Biyang depression.Acta Sedmentologica Sinca,15(1):66-71]
王益友,郭文莹,张国栋.1979.几种地球化学标志在金湖凹陷阜宁群沉积环境中的应用.同济大学学报(自然科学版),(2):54-63.[Wang Y Y,Guo W Y,Zhang G D.1979.Application of some geochemical indicators in determining of sedimentary environment of the Funing group(Paleogene),Jin-Hu depression,Kiangsu Province.Journal of Tongji University for Natural Science,(2):54-63]
王中刚,于学元,赵振华.1989.稀土元素地球化学.北京:科学出版社,76-291.[Wang Z G,Yu X Y,Zhao Z H.1989.REE geochemistry.Beijing:Science Press,76-291]
文华国,郑荣才,唐飞,郑爱萍,桑廷元,陈守春,李瑰丽,李联新.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地耿湾地区长6段古盐度恢复与古环境分析.矿物岩石,28(1):114-120.[Wen H G,Zheng R C,Tang F,Zheng A P,Sang T Y,Chen S C,Li G L,Li L X.2008.Reconstruction and analysis of paleosalanity and paleoenviroment of the Chang 6member in the Gengwan region,Ordos Basin.Journal of Mineral Petrology,28(1):114-120]
吴智平,周瑶琪.2000.一种计算沉积速率的新方法:宇宙尘埃特征元素法.沉积学报,18(3):395-399.[Wu Z P,Zhou Y Q.2000.Using the characteristic elements from meteoritic must in strata to calculate sedimentation rate.Acta Sedmentologica Sinca,18(3):395-399]
许中杰,程日辉,王嘹亮,张莉,李飞.2010.广东东莞地区中侏罗统塘厦组凝灰质沉积物的元素地球化学特征及构造背景.岩石学报,26(1):352-360.[Xu Z J,Cheng R H,Wang L L,Zhang L,Li F.2010.Elemental geochemical characteristics of tuffaceous sediments and tectonic setting of Tangxia formations of middle Jurassic in Dongguan,Guangdong Province.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(1):352-360]
许中杰,蓝艺植,程日辉,李双林.2017.句容地区下奥陶统仑山组海平面变化的碳酸盐岩地球化学记录.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),47(5):1458-1470.[Xu Z J,Lan Y Z,Cheng R H,Li S L.2017.Carbonate geochemical record of sea-level change of Lunshan Formation in Lower Ordovician in Jurong area.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),47(5):1458-1470]
姚泾利,邓秀芹,赵彦德,韩天佑,楚美娟,庞锦莲.2013.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油特征.石油勘探与开发,40(2):150-158.[Yao J L,Deng X Q,Zhao Y D,Han T Y,Chu M J,Pang J L.2013.Characteristics of tight oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,40(2):150-158]
张才利,高阿龙,刘哲,黄静,杨亚娟,张艳.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组沉积水体及古气候特征研究.天然气地球科学,22(4):582-587.[Zhang C L,Gao A L,Liu Z,Huang J,Yang Y J,Zhang Y.2011.Study on character on sedimantary water and palaeoclimate for Chang 7 oil layer in Ordos basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,22(4):582-587]
郑荣才,柳梅青.1999.鄂尔多斯盆地长6油层组古盐度研究.石油与天然气地质,20(1):20-25.[Zheng R C,Liu M Q.1999.Study on palaeosalinity of Chang-6 oil reservoir set in Ordos basin.Oil and Gas Geology,20(1):20-25]
郑荣才,王海红,韩永林,王成玉,牛小兵,王昌勇.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6段沉积相特征和砂体展布.岩性油气藏,20(3):21-26.[Zheng R C,Wang H H,Han Y L,Wang C Y,Niu X B,Wang C Y.2008.Sedimentary facies charateristics and sandbody distribution of Chang 6 member in Jiyuan area of Erdos Basin.Lithologic Reserviors,20(3):21-26]
周桂芹.2012.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组中部层序地层格架及有利储层分布.油气地质与采收率,19(2):16-19.[Zhou G Q.2012.High-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework and distribution of favorable reservoirs in SQ3 sequence of Yanchang group in Ordos Basin.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,19(2):16-19]
Benway H M,Mix A C,Haley B A,Klinkhammer G P.2006.Eastern Pacific Warm Pool paleosalinity and climate variability:0-30 kyr.Paleoceanography,21(3):PA3008.
Fedo C M,Young G M,Nesbitt H W.1997.Paleoclimatic control on the composition of the Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation,Huronian Supergroup,Canada:A greenhouse to icehouse transition.Precambrian Research,86(3):201-223.
Liang C,Jiang Z,Cao Y,Zhang J,Guo L.2017.Sedimentary characteristics and paleoenvironment of shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,North Guizhou Province,and its shale gas potential.Journal of Earth Science,28(6):1020-1031.
Nesbitt H W,Young G M.1982.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature,299:715-717.
Rohling E J.2007.Progress in paleosalinity:Overview and presentation of a new approach.Paleoceanography,22(3):PA3215.
Zhang M M,Liu Z J,Xu S Z,Hu X F,Sun P C,Wang Y L.2014.Analysis for the paleosalinity and lake-level changes of the oil shale measures in the Lucaogou Formation in the Sangonghe area of southern margin,Junggar Basin.Petroleum Science and Technology,32(16):1973-1980.
郭彦如,刘化清,李相博,完颜容,郑希民.2008.大型坳陷湖盆层序地层格架的研究方法体系:以鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组为例.沉积学报,26(3):384-391.[Guo Y R,Liu H Q,Li X B,Wanyan R,Zheng X M.2008.Method system on studying sequence stratigraphic framework of large sagged lacustrine basin:A case study from Mesozoic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(3):384-391]
郝蜀民.2001.鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探的回顾与思考.天然气工业,21(s1):18-21.[Hao S M.2001.Review and thinking on the oil and gas exploration in Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Industry,21(s1):18-21]
李进龙,陈东敬.2003.古盐度定量研究方法综述.油气地质与采收率,10(5):1-3.[Li J L,Chen D J.2003.Summary of quantified research method on paleosalinity.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,10(5):1-3]
梅志超,彭荣华,杨华,刘国江,曾少华.1988.陕北上三叠统延长组含油砂体的沉积环境.石油与天然气地质,9(3):261-267.[Mei Z C,Peng R H,Yang H,Liu G J,Zeng S H.1988.Sedimentary environment of the oil-bearing sand bodies in the upper Triassic Yanchang formation of northern Shaanxi.Oil and Gas Geology,9(3):261-267]
庞军刚,杨友运,郝磊.2012.湖盆古水深恢复研究现状综述.长江大学学报(自然科学版),9(9):42-45.[Pang J G,Yang Y Y,Hao L.2012.Review of studies on the restoration of paleowater depth in lake basins.Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edtion),9(9):42-45]
王昌勇,郑荣才,李士祥,韩永林,王成玉,史建南,周祺.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地早期构造演化与沉积响应:以姬塬地区长8~长6油层组为例.中国地质,37(1):134-143.[Wang C Y,Zheng R C,Li S X,Han Y L,Wang C Y,Shi J N,Zhou Q.2010.Early tectonic evolution and sedimentary response of Ordos Basin:A case study of Interval 8~Interval 6 oil layers of Yanchang Formation in Jiyuan area.Geology in China,37(1):134-143]
王随继,黄杏珍,妥进才,邵宏舜,阎存凤,王寿庆,何祖荣.1997.泌阳凹陷核桃园组微量元素演化特征及其古气候意义.沉积学报,15(1):66-71.[Wang S J,Huang X Z,Tuo J C,Shao H S,Yan C F,He Z R.1997.Evolutional characteristics and their paleoclimate significance of trace elements in the Hetaoyuan formation,Biyang depression.Acta Sedmentologica Sinca,15(1):66-71]
王益友,郭文莹,张国栋.1979.几种地球化学标志在金湖凹陷阜宁群沉积环境中的应用.同济大学学报(自然科学版),(2):54-63.[Wang Y Y,Guo W Y,Zhang G D.1979.Application of some geochemical indicators in determining of sedimentary environment of the Funing group(Paleogene),Jin-Hu depression,Kiangsu Province.Journal of Tongji University for Natural Science,(2):54-63]
王中刚,于学元,赵振华.1989.稀土元素地球化学.北京:科学出版社,76-291.[Wang Z G,Yu X Y,Zhao Z H.1989.REE geochemistry.Beijing:Science Press,76-291]
文华国,郑荣才,唐飞,郑爱萍,桑廷元,陈守春,李瑰丽,李联新.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地耿湾地区长6段古盐度恢复与古环境分析.矿物岩石,28(1):114-120.[Wen H G,Zheng R C,Tang F,Zheng A P,Sang T Y,Chen S C,Li G L,Li L X.2008.Reconstruction and analysis of paleosalanity and paleoenviroment of the Chang 6member in the Gengwan region,Ordos Basin.Journal of Mineral Petrology,28(1):114-120]
吴智平,周瑶琪.2000.一种计算沉积速率的新方法:宇宙尘埃特征元素法.沉积学报,18(3):395-399.[Wu Z P,Zhou Y Q.2000.Using the characteristic elements from meteoritic must in strata to calculate sedimentation rate.Acta Sedmentologica Sinca,18(3):395-399]
许中杰,程日辉,王嘹亮,张莉,李飞.2010.广东东莞地区中侏罗统塘厦组凝灰质沉积物的元素地球化学特征及构造背景.岩石学报,26(1):352-360.[Xu Z J,Cheng R H,Wang L L,Zhang L,Li F.2010.Elemental geochemical characteristics of tuffaceous sediments and tectonic setting of Tangxia formations of middle Jurassic in Dongguan,Guangdong Province.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(1):352-360]
许中杰,蓝艺植,程日辉,李双林.2017.句容地区下奥陶统仑山组海平面变化的碳酸盐岩地球化学记录.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),47(5):1458-1470.[Xu Z J,Lan Y Z,Cheng R H,Li S L.2017.Carbonate geochemical record of sea-level change of Lunshan Formation in Lower Ordovician in Jurong area.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),47(5):1458-1470]
姚泾利,邓秀芹,赵彦德,韩天佑,楚美娟,庞锦莲.2013.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油特征.石油勘探与开发,40(2):150-158.[Yao J L,Deng X Q,Zhao Y D,Han T Y,Chu M J,Pang J L.2013.Characteristics of tight oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,40(2):150-158]
张才利,高阿龙,刘哲,黄静,杨亚娟,张艳.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组沉积水体及古气候特征研究.天然气地球科学,22(4):582-587.[Zhang C L,Gao A L,Liu Z,Huang J,Yang Y J,Zhang Y.2011.Study on character on sedimantary water and palaeoclimate for Chang 7 oil layer in Ordos basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,22(4):582-587]
郑荣才,柳梅青.1999.鄂尔多斯盆地长6油层组古盐度研究.石油与天然气地质,20(1):20-25.[Zheng R C,Liu M Q.1999.Study on palaeosalinity of Chang-6 oil reservoir set in Ordos basin.Oil and Gas Geology,20(1):20-25]
郑荣才,王海红,韩永林,王成玉,牛小兵,王昌勇.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6段沉积相特征和砂体展布.岩性油气藏,20(3):21-26.[Zheng R C,Wang H H,Han Y L,Wang C Y,Niu X B,Wang C Y.2008.Sedimentary facies charateristics and sandbody distribution of Chang 6 member in Jiyuan area of Erdos Basin.Lithologic Reserviors,20(3):21-26]
周桂芹.2012.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组中部层序地层格架及有利储层分布.油气地质与采收率,19(2):16-19.[Zhou G Q.2012.High-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework and distribution of favorable reservoirs in SQ3 sequence of Yanchang group in Ordos Basin.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,19(2):16-19]
Benway H M,Mix A C,Haley B A,Klinkhammer G P.2006.Eastern Pacific Warm Pool paleosalinity and climate variability:0-30 kyr.Paleoceanography,21(3):PA3008.
Fedo C M,Young G M,Nesbitt H W.1997.Paleoclimatic control on the composition of the Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation,Huronian Supergroup,Canada:A greenhouse to icehouse transition.Precambrian Research,86(3):201-223.
Liang C,Jiang Z,Cao Y,Zhang J,Guo L.2017.Sedimentary characteristics and paleoenvironment of shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,North Guizhou Province,and its shale gas potential.Journal of Earth Science,28(6):1020-1031.
Nesbitt H W,Young G M.1982.Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature,299:715-717.
Rohling E J.2007.Progress in paleosalinity:Overview and presentation of a new approach.Paleoceanography,22(3):PA3215.
Zhang M M,Liu Z J,Xu S Z,Hu X F,Sun P C,Wang Y L.2014.Analysis for the paleosalinity and lake-level changes of the oil shale measures in the Lucaogou Formation in the Sangonghe area of southern margin,Junggar Basin.Petroleum Science and Technology,32(16):1973-1980.