伊拉克中部油区油气成藏要素特征及成藏模式
|
摘要
美索不达米亚盆地是全球油气最富集的盆地之一,研究区位于该前陆盆地的斜坡带,其地质认识程度低,对油气成藏的研究不系统。基于地震剖面和烃源岩热解数据,较为系统地研究了伊拉克中部油区油气成藏要素。研究表明,该区正断层未断穿新生代地层,断裂活动中部最强,北部较弱,南部最弱;褶皱活动中部最强,南部稍弱,北部最弱。早白垩世-中白垩世期间,研究区处于弱伸展构造环境;晚白垩世Hartha组沉积时期,断层发生正反转,研究区处于弱挤压构造环境;晚白垩世末到始新世,研究区处于弱伸展构造环境;渐新世,褶皱作用开始;中新世,构造格局基本定型。上白垩统Khasib组-Hartha组砂屑灰岩和下白垩统Zubair组砂岩是研究区主要储层。主力烃源岩为中侏罗统Sargelu组和上侏罗统-下白垩统Chiagara组,次要烃源岩为下白垩统Ratawi组和Zubair组。综合分析认为:与油源断裂紧临的背斜圈闭是研究区最有利的油气聚集场所。侏罗系顶部发育良好的盖层,可为下伏主力烃源岩排出烃类的成藏提供良好的封盖条件,推测中-下侏罗统具有较大的油气勘探潜力。
The Mesopotamian Basin is one of the most petroliferous basins in the world, and the study area is located in the slope zone of its foreland basin. The geological knowledge of the study area is low, and the study of hydrocarbon accumulation is not systematic. Based on the seismic profile and source rock pyrolysis data, the hydrocarbon accumulation factors of central Iraq are systematically studied. The study shows that the faults in this area have not cut through the Cenozoic, and the fault activity is the strongest in the central part, weaker in the north and weakest in the south, while the fold activity is the strongest in the central part, slightly weaker in the south and weakest in the north. During the Early-Middle Cretaceous, the study area was in a weak extensional tectonic setting. During the deposition of the Hartha Formation in the Late Cretaceous, the fault occurred positively and inversion happened, when the study area was in a weak compressional setting. From the end of the Cretaceous to the Eocene, the study area was in a weak extensional tectonic setting. Oligocene, the beginning of the fold; the Miocene, the structural pattern is basically stereotyped. Khasib-Hartha limestone and Zubair sandstone are the main reservoirs in the study area. The main source rocks are the Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation and the Upper Jurassic-Lower White Chiagara Formation. The secondary source rocks are the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi Formation and the Zubair Formation. According to the comprehensive analysis, the anticline trap close to the migration pathway(fault) is the most favorable for oil and gas accumulation. The well-developed caprocks at the top of the Jurassic provides good sealing conditions for the hydrocarbons discharged from the main source rocks. It is speculated that the Middle-Lower Jurassic has great oil and gas exploration potential.
The Mesopotamian Basin is one of the most petroliferous basins in the world, and the study area is located in the slope zone of its foreland basin. The geological knowledge of the study area is low, and the study of hydrocarbon accumulation is not systematic. Based on the seismic profile and source rock pyrolysis data, the hydrocarbon accumulation factors of central Iraq are systematically studied. The study shows that the faults in this area have not cut through the Cenozoic, and the fault activity is the strongest in the central part, weaker in the north and weakest in the south, while the fold activity is the strongest in the central part, slightly weaker in the south and weakest in the north. During the Early-Middle Cretaceous, the study area was in a weak extensional tectonic setting. During the deposition of the Hartha Formation in the Late Cretaceous, the fault occurred positively and inversion happened, when the study area was in a weak compressional setting. From the end of the Cretaceous to the Eocene, the study area was in a weak extensional tectonic setting. Oligocene, the beginning of the fold; the Miocene, the structural pattern is basically stereotyped. Khasib-Hartha limestone and Zubair sandstone are the main reservoirs in the study area. The main source rocks are the Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation and the Upper Jurassic-Lower White Chiagara Formation. The secondary source rocks are the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi Formation and the Zubair Formation. According to the comprehensive analysis, the anticline trap close to the migration pathway(fault) is the most favorable for oil and gas accumulation. The well-developed caprocks at the top of the Jurassic provides good sealing conditions for the hydrocarbons discharged from the main source rocks. It is speculated that the Middle-Lower Jurassic has great oil and gas exploration potential.
引文
[1] Mohammed S A G.Megaseismic section across the northeastern slope of the Arabian Plate,Iraq[J].GeoArabia,2006,11(4):77-90.
[2] 周长迁,张庆春,杨沛广,等.美索不达米亚盆地成藏主控因素分析[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(3):296-301.
[3] Aqrawi A A M,Goff J C,Horbury A D,et al.The petroleum geology of Iraq[M].Beaconsfield,UK:Scientific Press,2010,35/45:215-230.
[4] Al-Ameri T K,Al-Temimi A K,Zumberge J.Assessments of oil characterization,source affinities,and hydrocarbon dynamic of East Baghdad oil fields,Central Iraq[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2016,77:353-375.
[5] Dudley B.BP statistical review of world energy[R].[S.l.]:USGS,2011.
[6] Abeed Q,Leythaeuser D,Littke R.Geochemistry,origin and correlation of crude oils in Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequences of the southern Mesopotamian Basin,southern Iraq[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,46:113-126.
[7] 杜洋,崔燚,郑丹,等.伊拉克中部白垩系油藏油源及运移特征[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):76-83.
[8] Khorshid S Z,Kadhm A D.Subsurface investigation of Oligocene geologic formations age,East Baghdad Oil Field[J].Iraqi Journal of Science,2015,56(4):3441-3451.
[9] Ali A J,Aziz Z R.The Zubair Formation,East Baghdad Oil Field,central Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1993,16(3):353-364.
[10] Al-Qayim B.Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Turonian-Coniacian Khasib Formation in central Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,33(4):387-404.
[11] Fouad S F A.Tectonic and structural evolution of the Mesopotamia Foredeep[J].Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining,2010,6(2):41-53.
[12] Fouad S F A,Sissakian,V K.Tectonic and structural evolution of the Mesopotamia Plain[J].Iraqi Bull.Geol.Min.Special Issue,2011,4:33-46.
[13] Jassim S Z,Coff J C.Geology of Iraq[M].Dolin:Prague and Moravian Museum,Zelny trd 6,Brno,Czech Republic,2006.
[14] 白国平.中东油气区油气地质特征[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007.
[15] APS Review Downstream Trends.Central Iraq oil fields (Compatibility Model)[J].Online Journal,2007,3(2):3.
[16] Abdula R A,Balaky S M,Nourmohamadi M S,et al.Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of the Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic) from Kurdistan Region,Northern Iraq[J].Donnish Journal of Geology and Mining Research,2015,1(1):1-25.
[17] Alsharhan A S,Nairn A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1997:15-18.
[18] Sadooni F N.Stratigraphic and lithological characteristics of Upper Cretaceous carbonates in Central Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1996,19(3):271-288.
[19] Peters K E,Cassa M R.Applied source rocks geochemistry[C]//Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system,from source to trap.Tulsa,OK:American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin Memoir 60,1994:93-120.
[20] Tissot B P,Welte D H.Petroleum formation and occurrence[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984.
[21] Espitalié J.Use of Tmax as a maturation index for different types of organic matter-comparison with vitrinite reflectance[C]//Burrus J.Thermal modeling in sedimentary basins.Paris:Editions Technip,1985:475-496.
[2] 周长迁,张庆春,杨沛广,等.美索不达米亚盆地成藏主控因素分析[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(3):296-301.
[3] Aqrawi A A M,Goff J C,Horbury A D,et al.The petroleum geology of Iraq[M].Beaconsfield,UK:Scientific Press,2010,35/45:215-230.
[4] Al-Ameri T K,Al-Temimi A K,Zumberge J.Assessments of oil characterization,source affinities,and hydrocarbon dynamic of East Baghdad oil fields,Central Iraq[J].Marine & Petroleum Geology,2016,77:353-375.
[5] Dudley B.BP statistical review of world energy[R].[S.l.]:USGS,2011.
[6] Abeed Q,Leythaeuser D,Littke R.Geochemistry,origin and correlation of crude oils in Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequences of the southern Mesopotamian Basin,southern Iraq[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,46:113-126.
[7] 杜洋,崔燚,郑丹,等.伊拉克中部白垩系油藏油源及运移特征[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(1):76-83.
[8] Khorshid S Z,Kadhm A D.Subsurface investigation of Oligocene geologic formations age,East Baghdad Oil Field[J].Iraqi Journal of Science,2015,56(4):3441-3451.
[9] Ali A J,Aziz Z R.The Zubair Formation,East Baghdad Oil Field,central Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1993,16(3):353-364.
[10] Al-Qayim B.Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Turonian-Coniacian Khasib Formation in central Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,33(4):387-404.
[11] Fouad S F A.Tectonic and structural evolution of the Mesopotamia Foredeep[J].Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining,2010,6(2):41-53.
[12] Fouad S F A,Sissakian,V K.Tectonic and structural evolution of the Mesopotamia Plain[J].Iraqi Bull.Geol.Min.Special Issue,2011,4:33-46.
[13] Jassim S Z,Coff J C.Geology of Iraq[M].Dolin:Prague and Moravian Museum,Zelny trd 6,Brno,Czech Republic,2006.
[14] 白国平.中东油气区油气地质特征[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007.
[15] APS Review Downstream Trends.Central Iraq oil fields (Compatibility Model)[J].Online Journal,2007,3(2):3.
[16] Abdula R A,Balaky S M,Nourmohamadi M S,et al.Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of the Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic) from Kurdistan Region,Northern Iraq[J].Donnish Journal of Geology and Mining Research,2015,1(1):1-25.
[17] Alsharhan A S,Nairn A E M.Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1997:15-18.
[18] Sadooni F N.Stratigraphic and lithological characteristics of Upper Cretaceous carbonates in Central Iraq[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1996,19(3):271-288.
[19] Peters K E,Cassa M R.Applied source rocks geochemistry[C]//Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system,from source to trap.Tulsa,OK:American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin Memoir 60,1994:93-120.
[20] Tissot B P,Welte D H.Petroleum formation and occurrence[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984.
[21] Espitalié J.Use of Tmax as a maturation index for different types of organic matter-comparison with vitrinite reflectance[C]//Burrus J.Thermal modeling in sedimentary basins.Paris:Editions Technip,1985:475-496.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |