云南者桑卡林型金矿成矿流体特征及其对Au成矿的指示意义
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摘要
为探讨者桑金矿床的成矿流体特征、Au的沉淀机制及基性岩浆活动与Au成矿的关系,对该矿床热液成矿期的流体包裹体进行了显微测温研究,并对热液矿物进行了H、O、C同位素分析。结果表明,矿床中包裹体有气液H_2O、CO_2-H_2O和纯CO_2包裹体3种类型,成矿流体温度从早阶段到晚阶段逐渐降低、主成矿阶段盐度高于早晚两个阶段;热液成矿期早阶段成矿流体以岩浆水为主,主成矿阶段为岩浆水和大气降水混合,成矿晚阶段以大气降水为主;成矿晚阶段热液方解石中的碳质主要来自幔源碳的低温蚀变。研究认为,者桑金矿床成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水的混合流体,Au的沉淀与NaCl-H_2O-CO_2流体不混溶作用密切相关,基性岩浆侵入活动为成矿流体提供热源、H_2O、CO_2和Au。
In order to discuss the characteristics of the ore-forming fluid, precipitation mechanism of gold, and the relationship between basic magmatism and gold mineralization of the Zhesang Carlin-type gold deposit, micro-thermometry of fluid inclusions and analysis of C, H, and O stable isotopes of hydrothermal minerals of the deposit have been undertaken in this paper.The results show that there are three types of inclusions, which include liquid-vapor inclusions, CO_2-H_2O inclusions and pure CO_2 inclusions, in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures of the ore-forming fluid in inclusions are decreased from the early stage to the late stage, but the salinity of inclusion fluid of the main mineralization stage is higher than the those of inclusion fluids in the early and late stages. The ore-forming fluid of the early mineralization stage is mainly composed of magmatic water, that of the main mineralization stage is a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters, while that of the late mineralization stage is mainly composed of meteoric water. Carbon in calcite of the late mineralization stage is mainly sourced from the low-temperature alteration of the mantle-derived Carbon. Therefore, it is believed that ore-forming fluid of the Zhesang Carlin-type gold deposit is a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters. The precipitation of Au is closely related to the immiscibility of NaCl-H_2O-CO_2 fluid in the main mineralization stage. In addition, the mafic magmatism not only provides heat source, but also provides H_2O, CO_(2 )and Au for the ore-forming fluid of the Zhesang Carlin-type gold deposit.
In order to discuss the characteristics of the ore-forming fluid, precipitation mechanism of gold, and the relationship between basic magmatism and gold mineralization of the Zhesang Carlin-type gold deposit, micro-thermometry of fluid inclusions and analysis of C, H, and O stable isotopes of hydrothermal minerals of the deposit have been undertaken in this paper.The results show that there are three types of inclusions, which include liquid-vapor inclusions, CO_2-H_2O inclusions and pure CO_2 inclusions, in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures of the ore-forming fluid in inclusions are decreased from the early stage to the late stage, but the salinity of inclusion fluid of the main mineralization stage is higher than the those of inclusion fluids in the early and late stages. The ore-forming fluid of the early mineralization stage is mainly composed of magmatic water, that of the main mineralization stage is a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters, while that of the late mineralization stage is mainly composed of meteoric water. Carbon in calcite of the late mineralization stage is mainly sourced from the low-temperature alteration of the mantle-derived Carbon. Therefore, it is believed that ore-forming fluid of the Zhesang Carlin-type gold deposit is a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters. The precipitation of Au is closely related to the immiscibility of NaCl-H_2O-CO_2 fluid in the main mineralization stage. In addition, the mafic magmatism not only provides heat source, but also provides H_2O, CO_(2 )and Au for the ore-forming fluid of the Zhesang Carlin-type gold deposit.
引文
Chen M H, Zhang Z Q, Santosh M, Dang Y, Zhang W. 2015. The Carlin-type gold deposits of the “golden triangle” of SW China: Pb and S isotopic constraints for the ore genesis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 103: 115-128
Clayton R N, Mayeda T K. 1963. The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 27(1): 43-52
Collins P L F. 1979. Gas hydrates in CO2-bearing fluid inclusions and the use of freezing data for estimation of salinity. Economic Geology, 74: 1435-1444
Friedman I, O’Neil J R. 1997. Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. In Data of Geochemistry 6th Edition. Washington: United State Government Printing Office, Chapter KK: KK4
Muntean J L, Cline J S, Simon A C, Longo A A. 2011. Magmatic-hydrothermal origin of Nevada’s Carlin-type gold deposits. Nature Geoscience, 4(4): 122-127
Ohmoto H, Rye R O. 1979. Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In: Barnes H L, ed. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 509-567
O’Neil J R, Clayton R N, Mayeda T K. 1969. Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates. The Journal of Chemical and Physics, 51(12): 5547-5558
Peters S G, Huang J Z, Li Z P, Jing C G. 2007. Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui area, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces, and Guangxi District, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 31(1-4): 170-204
Phillips G N, Evans K A. 2004. Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits. Nature, 429(6994): 860-863
Potter R W, Clynne M A, Brown D L. 1978. Freezing point depression of aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Economic Geology, 73(2): 284-285
Shepherd T J, Rakin A H, Alderton D H M.1985. A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. New York: Blackie Limited, 93-136
Taylor B E. 1986. Magmatic volatiles: Isotopic variation of C, H and S. In: Valley J W, Taylor JR H P, O'neil J R, eds. Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America, 185-226
Veizer J, Holser W T, Wilgus C K. 1980. Correlation of 13C/12C and 34S/32S secular variations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44(4): 579-587
陈本金, 温春齐, 霍艳, 曹盛远, 宋发治, 周玉. 2010. 黔西南水银洞金矿床流体包裹体研究. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 29(1): 45-51
迟清华. 2002. 金在地壳、岩石和沉积物中的丰度. 地球化学, 31(4): 347-353
代鸿章, 陈翠华, 顾雪祥, 李保华, 董树义, 程文斌. 2014a. 云南者桑金矿床载金矿物标型特征研究. 矿床地质, 33(1): 70-86
代鸿章, 陈翠华, 顾雪祥, 李保华, 董树义, 程文斌. 2014b. 云南省富宁县者桑金矿床成矿流体特征. 现代地质, 28(5): 893-904
代鸿章, 陈翠华, 刘家军, 张燕, 何朝鑫. 2015. 云南者桑金矿床元素地球化学特征及其地质意义. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 34(4): 744-754
范二川. 2001. 贵州贞丰塘新寨金矿床地质特征. 贵州地质, 18(1): 23-28
范军, 肖荣阁. 1997. 矿床及其组合是地壳演化的标志物:右江幔隆的发生、发展与滇黔桂卡林型金矿关系探讨. 矿物学报, 17(4): 457-462
冯建川, 吴建刚. 1992. 富宁县金坝金矿地质特征及找矿前景. 四川地质学报, 12(S): 51-54
顾雪祥, 章永梅, 李葆华, 薛春纪, 董树义, 付绍洪, 程文斌, 刘丽, 吴程赟. 2010. 沉积盆地中金属成矿与油气成藏的耦合关系. 地学前缘, 17(2): 83-105
国家辉, 陈树旺, 崔显德. 2001. 金坝金矿床地质特征. 地质与资源, 10(2): 71-79
郭振春. 1998. 贵州兴仁紫木凼金矿床地质特征及成因初探. 贵州地质, 5(3): 201-218
郭振春, 周忠赋. 2006. 黔西南灰家堡背斜金矿勘查实践及“两层楼”模式的建立. 贵州地质, 23(3): 176-181, 186
贾大成, 胡瑞忠. 2001. 滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成因探讨. 矿床地质, 20(4): 378-384
李保华, 顾雪祥, 付绍洪, 徐仕海, 陈翠华, 董树义. 2010. 贵州水银洞金矿床成矿流体不混溶的包裹体证据. 地学前缘, 17(2): 286-294
刘斌,沈昆. 1999. 流体包裹体热力学. 北京:地质出版社, 44-114
刘家军, 何明勤, 李志明, 刘玉平, 李朝阳, 张乾, 杨伟光, 杨爱平. 2004. 云南白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区碳氧同位素组成及其意义. 矿床地质, 23(1): 1-10
卢焕章, 范宏瑞, 倪培, 欧光习, 沈昆, 张文淮. 2004. 流体包裹体. 北京: 科学出版社
罗刚. 2010. 滇东南地区微细粒浸染型金矿床地质特征和成矿规律研究. 博士学位论文. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京)
庞保成, 林畅松. 2001. 右江盆地微细浸染型金矿的成因探讨. 地质与勘探, 37(4): 9-13
彭秀红, 李桦, 张柳毅, 张建强, 杨海, 卿成实, 徐波, 邓远文. 2009. 云南富宁者桑金矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究. 矿物学报, 29(S1): 233
彭义伟, 顾雪祥, 刘丽, 程文斌, 章永梅, 吴程赟, 吕鹏瑞. 2012. 黔西南紫木凼金矿床流体包裹体特征及对成矿的指示意义. 矿物学报, 32(2): 211-220
彭义伟, 顾雪祥, 章永梅, 刘丽, 吴程赟, 陈思尧. 2014. 黔西南灰家堡金矿田成矿流体来源及演化: 流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 33(5): 666-680
皮桥辉, 胡瑞忠, 彭科强, 吴建标, 韦朝文, 黄勇. 2016. 云南富宁者桑金矿床与基性岩年代测定:兼论滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿成矿构造背景. 岩石学报, 32(11): 3331-3342
王臣兴. 2008. 广南-富宁地区金成矿带典型矿床及地质特征. 云南地质, 27(3): 293-301
王国田. 1992. 桂西北地区三条铷-锶等时线年龄. 广西地质, 5(1): 29-35
王泽鹏, 夏永, 宋谢炎, 游彬, 郑新华, 汪小勇. 2012. 太平洞-紫木凼金矿区同位素和稀土元素特征及成矿物质来源探讨. 矿物学报, 32(1): 93-100
吴赵全, 王维刚, 何艳丽. 2007. 富宁微细浸染型金矿及远景. 云南地质, 26(1): 49-55
张德会. 1997. 成矿流体中金属沉淀机制研究综述. 地质科技情报, 16(3): 53-58
张文淮, 张志坚, 伍刚. 1996. 成矿流体及成矿机制. 地学前缘, 3(3-4): 245-252
章永梅, 顾雪祥, 摆祥, 刘瑞萍, 郑硌, 吴程赟, 彭义伟. 2013. 云南富宁者桑金矿床硫铅同位素地球化学特征与成矿物质来源. 地学前缘, 20(1): 32-39
郑永飞, 陈江峰. 2000. 稳定同位素地球化学. 北京: 科学出版社, 167-182
周余国, 刘继顺, 王作华, 欧阳玉飞, 高启芝, 刘德利, 黄有元. 2009. 从滇黔桂“金三角”区域地层地球化学演化特征探讨卡林型金矿的物质来源. 地学前缘, 16(2): 199-208
Clayton R N, Mayeda T K. 1963. The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 27(1): 43-52
Collins P L F. 1979. Gas hydrates in CO2-bearing fluid inclusions and the use of freezing data for estimation of salinity. Economic Geology, 74: 1435-1444
Friedman I, O’Neil J R. 1997. Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. In Data of Geochemistry 6th Edition. Washington: United State Government Printing Office, Chapter KK: KK4
Muntean J L, Cline J S, Simon A C, Longo A A. 2011. Magmatic-hydrothermal origin of Nevada’s Carlin-type gold deposits. Nature Geoscience, 4(4): 122-127
Ohmoto H, Rye R O. 1979. Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In: Barnes H L, ed. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 509-567
O’Neil J R, Clayton R N, Mayeda T K. 1969. Oxygen isotope fractionation in divalent metal carbonates. The Journal of Chemical and Physics, 51(12): 5547-5558
Peters S G, Huang J Z, Li Z P, Jing C G. 2007. Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui area, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces, and Guangxi District, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 31(1-4): 170-204
Phillips G N, Evans K A. 2004. Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits. Nature, 429(6994): 860-863
Potter R W, Clynne M A, Brown D L. 1978. Freezing point depression of aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Economic Geology, 73(2): 284-285
Shepherd T J, Rakin A H, Alderton D H M.1985. A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. New York: Blackie Limited, 93-136
Taylor B E. 1986. Magmatic volatiles: Isotopic variation of C, H and S. In: Valley J W, Taylor JR H P, O'neil J R, eds. Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America, 185-226
Veizer J, Holser W T, Wilgus C K. 1980. Correlation of 13C/12C and 34S/32S secular variations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44(4): 579-587
陈本金, 温春齐, 霍艳, 曹盛远, 宋发治, 周玉. 2010. 黔西南水银洞金矿床流体包裹体研究. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 29(1): 45-51
迟清华. 2002. 金在地壳、岩石和沉积物中的丰度. 地球化学, 31(4): 347-353
代鸿章, 陈翠华, 顾雪祥, 李保华, 董树义, 程文斌. 2014a. 云南者桑金矿床载金矿物标型特征研究. 矿床地质, 33(1): 70-86
代鸿章, 陈翠华, 顾雪祥, 李保华, 董树义, 程文斌. 2014b. 云南省富宁县者桑金矿床成矿流体特征. 现代地质, 28(5): 893-904
代鸿章, 陈翠华, 刘家军, 张燕, 何朝鑫. 2015. 云南者桑金矿床元素地球化学特征及其地质意义. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 34(4): 744-754
范二川. 2001. 贵州贞丰塘新寨金矿床地质特征. 贵州地质, 18(1): 23-28
范军, 肖荣阁. 1997. 矿床及其组合是地壳演化的标志物:右江幔隆的发生、发展与滇黔桂卡林型金矿关系探讨. 矿物学报, 17(4): 457-462
冯建川, 吴建刚. 1992. 富宁县金坝金矿地质特征及找矿前景. 四川地质学报, 12(S): 51-54
顾雪祥, 章永梅, 李葆华, 薛春纪, 董树义, 付绍洪, 程文斌, 刘丽, 吴程赟. 2010. 沉积盆地中金属成矿与油气成藏的耦合关系. 地学前缘, 17(2): 83-105
国家辉, 陈树旺, 崔显德. 2001. 金坝金矿床地质特征. 地质与资源, 10(2): 71-79
郭振春. 1998. 贵州兴仁紫木凼金矿床地质特征及成因初探. 贵州地质, 5(3): 201-218
郭振春, 周忠赋. 2006. 黔西南灰家堡背斜金矿勘查实践及“两层楼”模式的建立. 贵州地质, 23(3): 176-181, 186
贾大成, 胡瑞忠. 2001. 滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成因探讨. 矿床地质, 20(4): 378-384
李保华, 顾雪祥, 付绍洪, 徐仕海, 陈翠华, 董树义. 2010. 贵州水银洞金矿床成矿流体不混溶的包裹体证据. 地学前缘, 17(2): 286-294
刘斌,沈昆. 1999. 流体包裹体热力学. 北京:地质出版社, 44-114
刘家军, 何明勤, 李志明, 刘玉平, 李朝阳, 张乾, 杨伟光, 杨爱平. 2004. 云南白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区碳氧同位素组成及其意义. 矿床地质, 23(1): 1-10
卢焕章, 范宏瑞, 倪培, 欧光习, 沈昆, 张文淮. 2004. 流体包裹体. 北京: 科学出版社
罗刚. 2010. 滇东南地区微细粒浸染型金矿床地质特征和成矿规律研究. 博士学位论文. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京)
庞保成, 林畅松. 2001. 右江盆地微细浸染型金矿的成因探讨. 地质与勘探, 37(4): 9-13
彭秀红, 李桦, 张柳毅, 张建强, 杨海, 卿成实, 徐波, 邓远文. 2009. 云南富宁者桑金矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究. 矿物学报, 29(S1): 233
彭义伟, 顾雪祥, 刘丽, 程文斌, 章永梅, 吴程赟, 吕鹏瑞. 2012. 黔西南紫木凼金矿床流体包裹体特征及对成矿的指示意义. 矿物学报, 32(2): 211-220
彭义伟, 顾雪祥, 章永梅, 刘丽, 吴程赟, 陈思尧. 2014. 黔西南灰家堡金矿田成矿流体来源及演化: 流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 33(5): 666-680
皮桥辉, 胡瑞忠, 彭科强, 吴建标, 韦朝文, 黄勇. 2016. 云南富宁者桑金矿床与基性岩年代测定:兼论滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿成矿构造背景. 岩石学报, 32(11): 3331-3342
王臣兴. 2008. 广南-富宁地区金成矿带典型矿床及地质特征. 云南地质, 27(3): 293-301
王国田. 1992. 桂西北地区三条铷-锶等时线年龄. 广西地质, 5(1): 29-35
王泽鹏, 夏永, 宋谢炎, 游彬, 郑新华, 汪小勇. 2012. 太平洞-紫木凼金矿区同位素和稀土元素特征及成矿物质来源探讨. 矿物学报, 32(1): 93-100
吴赵全, 王维刚, 何艳丽. 2007. 富宁微细浸染型金矿及远景. 云南地质, 26(1): 49-55
张德会. 1997. 成矿流体中金属沉淀机制研究综述. 地质科技情报, 16(3): 53-58
张文淮, 张志坚, 伍刚. 1996. 成矿流体及成矿机制. 地学前缘, 3(3-4): 245-252
章永梅, 顾雪祥, 摆祥, 刘瑞萍, 郑硌, 吴程赟, 彭义伟. 2013. 云南富宁者桑金矿床硫铅同位素地球化学特征与成矿物质来源. 地学前缘, 20(1): 32-39
郑永飞, 陈江峰. 2000. 稳定同位素地球化学. 北京: 科学出版社, 167-182
周余国, 刘继顺, 王作华, 欧阳玉飞, 高启芝, 刘德利, 黄有元. 2009. 从滇黔桂“金三角”区域地层地球化学演化特征探讨卡林型金矿的物质来源. 地学前缘, 16(2): 199-208