固定化菌藻微球的制备、表征及其对富营养化湖水的修复
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摘要
以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为主要包埋材料,以活性炭、SiO2和CaCO3作添加剂,采用普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和活性污泥制备固定化菌藻微球。采用正交实验对微球的制备条件进行了优化,并对最优化条件下制得的微球进行了表征,还考察了固定化菌藻微球对某富营养化湖水的修复效果。结果表明,固定化菌藻微球的最优化制备条件为:PVA用量10%(m/v),微生物包埋量15 mL,海藻酸钠用量0.6%(m/v),氯化钙浓度2.0%(m/v)。制得的微球具有较大的比表面积,内部呈网状结构,孔径分布均匀,中孔居多,适合小球藻和微生物生长。采用固定化菌藻微球可有效修复上述湖泊的实际富营养化湖水,微球可重复使用3~4个循环,在前4个循环中,每个循环历时96 h,TN平均去除率达80%以上;TP平均去除率达90%以上;COD平均去除率达85%以上,表明固定化菌藻微球在富营养化湖水的修复方面具有潜在的应用价值。
Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and sodium alginate(SA) were used as major embedding materials, activated carbon,SiO2 and CaCO3 were used as additives,to prepare immobilized algal-bacterial beads by Chlorella vulgaris and activated sludge.The preparation conditions of beads were optimized by using orthogonal test, and the beads prepared under optimized conditions were characterized,the remediation efficiency of an eutrophic lake water by immobilized algal-bacterial beads was also investigated.The results demonstrated that the optimum conditions for preparation of immobilized algal-bacterial beads are PVA amount of 10%(m/v),microorganism embedding capacity of 15 mL,sodium alginate of 0.6%(m/v),and calcium chloride concentration of 2%(m/v).The prepared beads showed larger specific surface area,internal reticular structure,and uniform pore size distribution.Mesopore accounted for the majority of pores,which was suitable for the growth of Chlorella and microorganisms.The immobilized algal-bacterial beads were able to remedy the lake water effectively.The beads can be used repeatedly 3 ~ 4 cycles,in the first 4 cycles,each cycle lasted for 96 h,the average TN removal rate was above 80%; the average TP removal rate was above 90%; the average COD removal rate reached more than 85%,showing that the immobilized bacteria-algae beads have potential application value in the remediation of eutrophic lake water.
Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and sodium alginate(SA) were used as major embedding materials, activated carbon,SiO2 and CaCO3 were used as additives,to prepare immobilized algal-bacterial beads by Chlorella vulgaris and activated sludge.The preparation conditions of beads were optimized by using orthogonal test, and the beads prepared under optimized conditions were characterized,the remediation efficiency of an eutrophic lake water by immobilized algal-bacterial beads was also investigated.The results demonstrated that the optimum conditions for preparation of immobilized algal-bacterial beads are PVA amount of 10%(m/v),microorganism embedding capacity of 15 mL,sodium alginate of 0.6%(m/v),and calcium chloride concentration of 2%(m/v).The prepared beads showed larger specific surface area,internal reticular structure,and uniform pore size distribution.Mesopore accounted for the majority of pores,which was suitable for the growth of Chlorella and microorganisms.The immobilized algal-bacterial beads were able to remedy the lake water effectively.The beads can be used repeatedly 3 ~ 4 cycles,in the first 4 cycles,each cycle lasted for 96 h,the average TN removal rate was above 80%; the average TP removal rate was above 90%; the average COD removal rate reached more than 85%,showing that the immobilized bacteria-algae beads have potential application value in the remediation of eutrophic lake water.
引文
[1]Luz E.de-Bashan,Yoav Bashan.Immobilized microalgae for removing pollutants:Review of practical aspects.Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6):1611-1627
[2]Sergio A.Covarrubias,Luz E.de-Bashan,Manuel Moreno,et al.Alginate beads provide a beneficial physical barrier against native microorganisms in wastewater treated with immobilized bacteria and microalgae.Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,2012,93(6):2669-2680
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[10]El-Sayed A.B.,El-Fourly M.M.,El-Nour E.A.A.Immobilized microalga Scenadesmus sp.for biological desalination of red sea water:Ⅰ.Effect on growth.Nature and Science,2010,8(9):69-76
[11]刘蕾,姜灵彦,李杰.改良PVA包埋固定化活性污泥的特性研究.上海环境科学,2007,26(6):271-274Liu Lei,Jiang Lingyan,Li Jie.A research on characteristics of immobilizing activated sludge by modified PVA.Shanghai Environmental Science,2007,26(6):271-274(in Chinese)
[12]严清,高旭,彭绪亚.固定化菌藻系统对污水处理厂出水的深度处理.环境工程学报,2012,6(10):3629-3634Yan Qing,Gao Xu,Peng Xuya.Advanced treatment of effluent from a wastewater treatment plant by embedded immobilized bacteria and algae system.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(10):3629-3634(in Chinese)
[13]吕华.累托石/PVA微球对水中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附研究.镇江:江苏科技大学硕士学位论文,2008LüHua.Research on adsorption of acid orangeⅡin water onto rectorite/PVA microspheres.Zhenjiang:Master Dissertation of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,2008(in Chinese)
[14]Khoo K.M.,Ting Y.P.Biosorption of gold by immobilized fungal biomass.Biochemical Engineering Journal,2001,8(1):51-59
[15]Yan J.,Hu Y.Y.Partial nitrification to nitrite for treating ammonium-rich organic wastewater by immobilized biomass system.Bioresource Technology,2009,100(8):2341-2347
[16]Joyner L.G.,Barrett E.P.,Skold R.The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances.II.Comparison between nitrogen isotherm and mercury porosimeter methods.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1951,73(7):3155-3158
[17]周群英,王士芬.环境工程微生物学.北京:高等教育出版社,2008
[18]严清,冯国忠.固定化藻球的强化研究.湖北农业科学,2011,50(11):2204-2206Yan Qing,Feng Guozhong.Study on the enhancement of immobilized chlorella balls’performance.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(11):2204-2206(in Chinese)
[19]薛嵘,黄国兰,郭艳.改进的硫酸盐-聚乙烯醇法包埋藻菌脱氮除磷研究.环境污染与防治,2005,27(7):556-558Xue Rong,Huang Guolan,Guo Yan.Nitrogen and phosphorus removals by algae and bacterium immobilized using modified PVA-Sulfate method.Environmental Pollution&Control,2005,27(7):556-558(in Chinese)
[2]Sergio A.Covarrubias,Luz E.de-Bashan,Manuel Moreno,et al.Alginate beads provide a beneficial physical barrier against native microorganisms in wastewater treated with immobilized bacteria and microalgae.Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,2012,93(6):2669-2680
[3]袁梦冬.菌藻固定化小球对水产养殖废水脱氮除磷效果的研究.曲阜:曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2012Mengdong Yuan.Study on removing nitrogen and phosphorus in aquacultural waste water with immobilized bacteria-algae system.Qufu:Master Dissertation of Qufu Normal University,2012(in Chinese)
[4]寇希元,张小青,张雨山,等.固定化藻菌去除海水冲测污水中氮磷的实验研究.环境工程学报,2011,5(12):2703-2706Kou Xiyuan,Zhang Xiaoqing,Zhang Yushan,et al.Experimental study on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from seawater toilet-flushng sewage by immobilized chlorella and bacteria.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(12):2703-2706(in Chinese)
[5]Qiao Xiangli,Zhang Zhenjia,Chen Qingxuan,et al.Nitrification characteristics of PEG immobilized activated sludge at high ammonia and COD loading rates.Desalination,2008,222(1-3):340-347
[6]Su Y.Y.,Mennerich A.,Urban B.Synergistic cooperation between wastewater-born algae and activated sludge for wastewater treatment:Influence of algae and sludge inoculation ratios.Bioresource Technology,2012 105(2):67-73
[7]Zhang E.D.,Wang B.,Ning S.X.,et al.Ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate removal by Immobilized chlorella sp.isolated from municipal wastewater for potential use in tertiary treatment.African Journal of Biotechnology,2012,11(24):6529-6534
[8]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[9]Ruiz-Marin A.,Mendoza-Espinosal L.G.,Stephenson T.Growth and nutrient removal in free and immobilized green algae in batch and semi-cntinuous cultures treating real wastewater.Bioresource Technology,2010,101(1):58-64
[10]El-Sayed A.B.,El-Fourly M.M.,El-Nour E.A.A.Immobilized microalga Scenadesmus sp.for biological desalination of red sea water:Ⅰ.Effect on growth.Nature and Science,2010,8(9):69-76
[11]刘蕾,姜灵彦,李杰.改良PVA包埋固定化活性污泥的特性研究.上海环境科学,2007,26(6):271-274Liu Lei,Jiang Lingyan,Li Jie.A research on characteristics of immobilizing activated sludge by modified PVA.Shanghai Environmental Science,2007,26(6):271-274(in Chinese)
[12]严清,高旭,彭绪亚.固定化菌藻系统对污水处理厂出水的深度处理.环境工程学报,2012,6(10):3629-3634Yan Qing,Gao Xu,Peng Xuya.Advanced treatment of effluent from a wastewater treatment plant by embedded immobilized bacteria and algae system.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(10):3629-3634(in Chinese)
[13]吕华.累托石/PVA微球对水中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附研究.镇江:江苏科技大学硕士学位论文,2008LüHua.Research on adsorption of acid orangeⅡin water onto rectorite/PVA microspheres.Zhenjiang:Master Dissertation of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,2008(in Chinese)
[14]Khoo K.M.,Ting Y.P.Biosorption of gold by immobilized fungal biomass.Biochemical Engineering Journal,2001,8(1):51-59
[15]Yan J.,Hu Y.Y.Partial nitrification to nitrite for treating ammonium-rich organic wastewater by immobilized biomass system.Bioresource Technology,2009,100(8):2341-2347
[16]Joyner L.G.,Barrett E.P.,Skold R.The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances.II.Comparison between nitrogen isotherm and mercury porosimeter methods.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1951,73(7):3155-3158
[17]周群英,王士芬.环境工程微生物学.北京:高等教育出版社,2008
[18]严清,冯国忠.固定化藻球的强化研究.湖北农业科学,2011,50(11):2204-2206Yan Qing,Feng Guozhong.Study on the enhancement of immobilized chlorella balls’performance.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(11):2204-2206(in Chinese)
[19]薛嵘,黄国兰,郭艳.改进的硫酸盐-聚乙烯醇法包埋藻菌脱氮除磷研究.环境污染与防治,2005,27(7):556-558Xue Rong,Huang Guolan,Guo Yan.Nitrogen and phosphorus removals by algae and bacterium immobilized using modified PVA-Sulfate method.Environmental Pollution&Control,2005,27(7):556-558(in Chinese)