基于增强现实的规划支持工具:以建筑形态合规性检验为例
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摘要
本文以日本《建筑标准法》规定下建筑形态管理的合规性检验为例,开发了一种基于增强现实技术的规划支持工具(AR-PST),其可将虚拟现实建筑模型、建筑规范与真实场地相结合,以检验设计方案是否符合相关建筑规范或设计指南。用户可以在移动设备(如智能手机、平板电脑等)上使用此工具与建筑模型进行互动,更充分地了解设计方案及其对真实建筑场地环境的可能影响,以对其进行更精确的评估。在此基础上,研究通过问卷调查和访谈的方式开展了ARPST的用户体验测试。结果表明,此工具具有创造性的功能设计和良好的交互性,可以提高设计师与用户之间的沟通效率并为城市规划与设计工作提供帮助。
In this research, we used Augmented Reality technology to develop a planning support tool(ARPST) which combines virtual building models and building regulations with a real site to effectively check whether design alternatives obey the building regulations or design guidelines, and realizes detection of violations of the building form control regulations under the Building Standards Law of Japan. Through the AR-PST, the users can interact with the building models using mobile devices(such as smart phones and tablets) to further understand design proposals as well as their influence on the environment around the real construction sites to achieve a more reasonable evaluation of them. User experience investigation for this tool was then carried out via questionnaire and interview. The results show that the ARPST has creative functional design and good interactivity which can improve the communication efficiency between designers and users and assist urban planning and design.
In this research, we used Augmented Reality technology to develop a planning support tool(ARPST) which combines virtual building models and building regulations with a real site to effectively check whether design alternatives obey the building regulations or design guidelines, and realizes detection of violations of the building form control regulations under the Building Standards Law of Japan. Through the AR-PST, the users can interact with the building models using mobile devices(such as smart phones and tablets) to further understand design proposals as well as their influence on the environment around the real construction sites to achieve a more reasonable evaluation of them. User experience investigation for this tool was then carried out via questionnaire and interview. The results show that the ARPST has creative functional design and good interactivity which can improve the communication efficiency between designers and users and assist urban planning and design.
引文
[1]Niu,X.Y.(2006).Planning support system:A new approach for computer-aided planning.Urban Planning Forum,(2),96-101.
[2]Shen,Z.J.(2012).Geospatial Techniques in Urban Planning.Berlin:Springer.
[3]Willuweit,L.,&O’Sullivan,J.J.(2013).A decision support tool for sustainable planning of urban water systems:Presenting the dynamic urban water simulation model.Water Research,47(20),7206-7220.
[4]Yeo,I.Yoon,S.,&Yee,J.(2013).Development of an urban energy demand forecasting system to support environmentally friendly urban planning.Applied Energy,110(5),304-317.
[5]Ble?i?,I.,Cecchini,A.,Falk,M.,Marras,S.,Pyles,D.R.,Spano,D.,&Trunfio,G.A.(2014).Urban metabolism and climate change:A planning support system.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,(26),447-457.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2013.08.006
[6]Long,Y.,Shen,Z.J.,&Mao,Q.Z.(2011).An urban containment planning support system for Beijing.Computers Environment and Urban Systems,35(4),297-307.
[7]Kim,Y.M.,Bang,J.,&Kim,H.S.(2012).A planning support system as a tool for sustainable urban planning.In M.Schrenk,V.V.Popovich,P.Zeile,&P.Elisei(Eds.),Proceedings REAL CORP 2012 Tagungsband(pp.1111-1119).Schwechat,Austria:REAL CORP 2012.
[8]Coutinho-Rodrigues,J.,Sim?o,A.,&Antunes,C.H.(2011).AGIS-based multicriteria spatial decision support system for planning urban infrastructures.Decision Support Systems,51(3),720-726.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.02.010
[9]Inada,Y.,Izumi,S.,Koga,M.,&Matsubara,S.(2014).Development of planning support system for welfare urban design-Optimal route finding for wheelchair users.Procedia Environmental Sciences,(22),61-69.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.11.006
[10]Fukahori,K.,&Kubota,Y.(2010).Consistency Evaluation of Landscape Design by Decision Support System.ComputerAided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,15(5),342-354.
[11]Santosa,H.,Ikaruga,S.,&Kobayashi,T.(2016).3D Interactive Simulation System(3DISS)Using Multimedia Application Authoring Platform for Landscape Planning Support System.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,(227),247-254.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.068
[12]Liarokapis,F.,&Anderson,E.F.(2010).Using augmented reality as a medium to assist teaching in higher education.In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the European Association for Computer Graphics(Eurographics2010),Education Program(pp.9-16).Norrk?ping,Sweden:Eurographics Association.
[13]Raajana,N.R.,Suganya,S.,Hemanand,R.,Janani,S.,Nandini.N.S.S.,&Ramanan,S.V.(2012).Augmented Reality for 3D Construction.Procedia Engineering,(38),66-72.
[14]Caudell,T.P.,&Mizell,D.W.(1992).Augmented reality:An application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes.In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences(pp.659-669).New York:IEEE.
[15]Pelargos,P.,Nagasawa,D.T.,Lagman,C.,Tenn,S.,Demos,J.V.,Lee,S.J.…Yang,I.(2017).Utilizing virtual and augmented reality for educational and clinical enhancements in neurosurgery.Journal of Clinical Neuroscience,35(36),1-4.
[16]Wang,R.,Geng,Z.,Zhang,Z.X.,Pei,R.J.,&Meng,X.B.(2017).Autostereoscopic augmented reality visualization for depth perception in endoscopic surgery.Displays,(48),50-60.
[17]Ak?ay?r,M.,&Ak?ay?r,G.(2017).Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education:A systematic review of the literature.Educational Research Review,20(20),1-11.
[18]Alhumaidan,H.,Lo,K.P.Y.,&Selby,A.(2017).Co-designing with children a collaborative augmented reality book based on a primary school textbook.International Journal of ChildComputer Interaction,(15),24-36.
[19]Tsai,C.H.,&Huang,J.Y.(2018).Augmented reality display based on user behavior.Computer Standards&Interfaces,(55),171-181.
[20]Chi,H.L.,Kang,S.C.,&Wang,X.Y.(2013).Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture,engineering,and construction.Automation in Construction,(33),116-122.
[21]The App Solutions.(2015).Benefits of using augmented reality for business.Retrieved from https://theappsolutions.com/blog/development/ar-benefits-for-business/
[22]Dieck,M.C.T.,&Jung,T.H.(2017).Value of augmented reality at cultural heritage sites:A stakeholder approach.Journal of Destination Marketing&Management,6(2),110-117.
[23]Han,J.,Park,K.,Ban,K.,&Kim,E.(2013).Cultural heritage sites visualization system based on outdoor augmented reality.AASRI Procedia,(4),64-71.
[24]Rashid,Z.,Melià-Seguí,J.,Pous,R.,&Peig,E.(2017).Using augmented reality and internet of things to improve accessibility of people with motor disabilities in the context of smart cities.Future Generation Computer Systems,(76),248-261.
[25]Blümel,E.(2013).Global challenges and innovative technologies geared toward new markets:Prospects for virtual and augmented reality.Procedia Computer Science,(25),4-13.
[26]Zhang,Y.Y.,Shen,Z.J.&Liu,S.H.(2018).Virtual Reality with the Integrated Automatic Presentation Scrip for Improving Concepts Understanding of Urban Design-A Case Study in Tatsumi Region of Tokyo Bay Zone,Japan.Multimedia Tools and Applications.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6588-y
[27]Cirulis,A.,&Brigmanis,K.B.(2013).3D outdoor augmented reality for architecture and urban planning.Procedia Computer Science,(25),71-79.
[28]Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism,Japan.(2003).Introduction of Urban Land Use Planning System in Japan.Retrieved from http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001050453.pdf
[29]Sapry,A.D.(2017).Factors hindering the implementation of augmented reality(AR)in Malaysian construction.Retrieved from Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources,University Malaysia Pahang website:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/21124/
[30]Kim,D.,&Hwang,D.(2012).Non-Marker based Mobile Augmented Reality and its Applications using Object Recognition.Journal of Universal Computer Science,18(20),2832-2850.
[31]Hassenzahl,M.,&Tractinsky,N.(2006).User Experience-AResearch Agenda.Behavior&Information Technology,25(2),91-97.
(1)日本城市规划体系下的街区规划规范比较完善,对建筑形态的限制起到了积极作用,可以为我国的城市规划提供参考。
(2)图4即为AR标记的一个示例。AR标记可根据物体的特征来检测和识别其光照、局部重叠和方向,具备良好的性能[30]。
(1)The District Plan under the City Planning System in Japan is relatively perfect, they play a positive role in building form control regulation, which can provide references for urban planning in China.
(2)Figure 4 shows an example of AR marker.AR marker is used to detect and recognize lighting, partial overlapping, and directions based on an object's characteristics,and shows excellent performance[30].
[2]Shen,Z.J.(2012).Geospatial Techniques in Urban Planning.Berlin:Springer.
[3]Willuweit,L.,&O’Sullivan,J.J.(2013).A decision support tool for sustainable planning of urban water systems:Presenting the dynamic urban water simulation model.Water Research,47(20),7206-7220.
[4]Yeo,I.Yoon,S.,&Yee,J.(2013).Development of an urban energy demand forecasting system to support environmentally friendly urban planning.Applied Energy,110(5),304-317.
[5]Ble?i?,I.,Cecchini,A.,Falk,M.,Marras,S.,Pyles,D.R.,Spano,D.,&Trunfio,G.A.(2014).Urban metabolism and climate change:A planning support system.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,(26),447-457.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2013.08.006
[6]Long,Y.,Shen,Z.J.,&Mao,Q.Z.(2011).An urban containment planning support system for Beijing.Computers Environment and Urban Systems,35(4),297-307.
[7]Kim,Y.M.,Bang,J.,&Kim,H.S.(2012).A planning support system as a tool for sustainable urban planning.In M.Schrenk,V.V.Popovich,P.Zeile,&P.Elisei(Eds.),Proceedings REAL CORP 2012 Tagungsband(pp.1111-1119).Schwechat,Austria:REAL CORP 2012.
[8]Coutinho-Rodrigues,J.,Sim?o,A.,&Antunes,C.H.(2011).AGIS-based multicriteria spatial decision support system for planning urban infrastructures.Decision Support Systems,51(3),720-726.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.02.010
[9]Inada,Y.,Izumi,S.,Koga,M.,&Matsubara,S.(2014).Development of planning support system for welfare urban design-Optimal route finding for wheelchair users.Procedia Environmental Sciences,(22),61-69.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.11.006
[10]Fukahori,K.,&Kubota,Y.(2010).Consistency Evaluation of Landscape Design by Decision Support System.ComputerAided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,15(5),342-354.
[11]Santosa,H.,Ikaruga,S.,&Kobayashi,T.(2016).3D Interactive Simulation System(3DISS)Using Multimedia Application Authoring Platform for Landscape Planning Support System.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,(227),247-254.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.068
[12]Liarokapis,F.,&Anderson,E.F.(2010).Using augmented reality as a medium to assist teaching in higher education.In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the European Association for Computer Graphics(Eurographics2010),Education Program(pp.9-16).Norrk?ping,Sweden:Eurographics Association.
[13]Raajana,N.R.,Suganya,S.,Hemanand,R.,Janani,S.,Nandini.N.S.S.,&Ramanan,S.V.(2012).Augmented Reality for 3D Construction.Procedia Engineering,(38),66-72.
[14]Caudell,T.P.,&Mizell,D.W.(1992).Augmented reality:An application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes.In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences(pp.659-669).New York:IEEE.
[15]Pelargos,P.,Nagasawa,D.T.,Lagman,C.,Tenn,S.,Demos,J.V.,Lee,S.J.…Yang,I.(2017).Utilizing virtual and augmented reality for educational and clinical enhancements in neurosurgery.Journal of Clinical Neuroscience,35(36),1-4.
[16]Wang,R.,Geng,Z.,Zhang,Z.X.,Pei,R.J.,&Meng,X.B.(2017).Autostereoscopic augmented reality visualization for depth perception in endoscopic surgery.Displays,(48),50-60.
[17]Ak?ay?r,M.,&Ak?ay?r,G.(2017).Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education:A systematic review of the literature.Educational Research Review,20(20),1-11.
[18]Alhumaidan,H.,Lo,K.P.Y.,&Selby,A.(2017).Co-designing with children a collaborative augmented reality book based on a primary school textbook.International Journal of ChildComputer Interaction,(15),24-36.
[19]Tsai,C.H.,&Huang,J.Y.(2018).Augmented reality display based on user behavior.Computer Standards&Interfaces,(55),171-181.
[20]Chi,H.L.,Kang,S.C.,&Wang,X.Y.(2013).Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture,engineering,and construction.Automation in Construction,(33),116-122.
[21]The App Solutions.(2015).Benefits of using augmented reality for business.Retrieved from https://theappsolutions.com/blog/development/ar-benefits-for-business/
[22]Dieck,M.C.T.,&Jung,T.H.(2017).Value of augmented reality at cultural heritage sites:A stakeholder approach.Journal of Destination Marketing&Management,6(2),110-117.
[23]Han,J.,Park,K.,Ban,K.,&Kim,E.(2013).Cultural heritage sites visualization system based on outdoor augmented reality.AASRI Procedia,(4),64-71.
[24]Rashid,Z.,Melià-Seguí,J.,Pous,R.,&Peig,E.(2017).Using augmented reality and internet of things to improve accessibility of people with motor disabilities in the context of smart cities.Future Generation Computer Systems,(76),248-261.
[25]Blümel,E.(2013).Global challenges and innovative technologies geared toward new markets:Prospects for virtual and augmented reality.Procedia Computer Science,(25),4-13.
[26]Zhang,Y.Y.,Shen,Z.J.&Liu,S.H.(2018).Virtual Reality with the Integrated Automatic Presentation Scrip for Improving Concepts Understanding of Urban Design-A Case Study in Tatsumi Region of Tokyo Bay Zone,Japan.Multimedia Tools and Applications.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6588-y
[27]Cirulis,A.,&Brigmanis,K.B.(2013).3D outdoor augmented reality for architecture and urban planning.Procedia Computer Science,(25),71-79.
[28]Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism,Japan.(2003).Introduction of Urban Land Use Planning System in Japan.Retrieved from http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001050453.pdf
[29]Sapry,A.D.(2017).Factors hindering the implementation of augmented reality(AR)in Malaysian construction.Retrieved from Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources,University Malaysia Pahang website:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/21124/
[30]Kim,D.,&Hwang,D.(2012).Non-Marker based Mobile Augmented Reality and its Applications using Object Recognition.Journal of Universal Computer Science,18(20),2832-2850.
[31]Hassenzahl,M.,&Tractinsky,N.(2006).User Experience-AResearch Agenda.Behavior&Information Technology,25(2),91-97.
(1)日本城市规划体系下的街区规划规范比较完善,对建筑形态的限制起到了积极作用,可以为我国的城市规划提供参考。
(2)图4即为AR标记的一个示例。AR标记可根据物体的特征来检测和识别其光照、局部重叠和方向,具备良好的性能[30]。
(1)The District Plan under the City Planning System in Japan is relatively perfect, they play a positive role in building form control regulation, which can provide references for urban planning in China.
(2)Figure 4 shows an example of AR marker.AR marker is used to detect and recognize lighting, partial overlapping, and directions based on an object's characteristics,and shows excellent performance[30].