健走运动对职业人群身体成分变化及影响因素研究
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摘要
目的分析健走对职业人群身体成分变化及其影响因素,探讨其对慢病防控的有效性。方法采用自身对照法,选取南昌市东湖区机关、事业单位95人参加2015年中国职业人群"健步走激励"健康干预项目,以健走有氧运动形式进行运动干预。采用清华同方体测仪(BCA-1C)和血压计,于健走前、健走3个月、健走6个月完成3次体测,收集3次体测数据,同时完成健康评估问卷调查,并采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果健走前和健走3个月、6个月的人体成分变化中,基础代谢量有所增加(F=5.334,P<0.05),体重(F=8.921,P<0.001)、腰围(F=8.883,P<0.001)、脂肪含量(F=5.193,P<0.05)、肌肉量(F=3.162,P<0.05)均有所降低,且经重复测量方差分析差异有统计学意义,而BMI(F=2.707,P>0.05)、臀围(F=0.731,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义。食物摄入量中,大米(F=11.305,P<0.001)、杂粮(F=7.724,P<0.001)、肉类(F=16.043,P<0.001)、鱼类(F=10.194,P<0.001)、蛋类(F=7.055,P<0.001)、奶类(F=6.192,P<0.01)、大豆(F=6.961,P<0.001)、豆浆(F=10.495,P<0.001)、蔬菜(F=10.370,P<0.001)、水果(F=10.377,P<0.001)等指标均有所增加,经重复测量方差分析差异有统计学意义。身体活动及睡眠变化情况中,重体力活动(F=7.759,P<0.001)、中等体力活动(F=4.258,P<0.05)、轻体力活动(F=6.566,P<0.05)、静坐等(F=3.442,P<0.05)及睡眠时间(F=4.238,P<0.05)指标比较均有所增加,经重复测量方差分析差异有统计学意义。结论持续健走运动对基础代谢量、体重、腰围、脂肪含量、肌肉量等指标均有明显的改善效果,对膳食结构和质量有较大改善,对正确的生活方式(重、中等和轻强度活动、静坐、睡眠)有较大改善,是有效的慢性病防控措施。
Objective To analyze the influence of walking exercise on the changes of body composition and its influencing factors in occupational population, and to explore its effectiveness in prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods The self-controlled method was used in this study. 95 adults were selected from government organs and public institutions in Donghu District of Nanchang City to participate in the 2015 Health Care Intervention Program called Walking Encouraged for Chinese Professionals, and the intervention based on walking aerobic exercise was conducted. Tsinghua Tongfang Body Tester(BCA-1 C) and sphygmomanometer were used to perform physical examinations before the walking exercise and after 3-and 6-month walking exercise. The data of the three physical examinations were collected, and the health assessment questionnaire was simultaneously completed. SPSS 17.0 software was employed to make statistical analysis. Results The examination results of body composition before the walking exercise and after 3-and 6-month walking exercise indicated that the basal metabolism was increased(F=5.334, P<0.05), while body weight(F=8.921, P<0.001), waist circumference(F=8.883, P<0.001), fat content(F=5.193, P<0.05) and muscle mass(F=3.162, P<0.05) were all decreased, and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed statistically significant, but the variance in BMI(F=2.707, P>0.05) and hip circumference(F=0.731, P>0.05) was not statistically significant. Among the food intake, all the indicators were increased with rice(F=11.305, P<0.001), miscellaneous grains(F=7.724, P<0.001), meat(F=16.043, P<0.001), fish(F=10.194, P<0.001), eggs(F=7.055, P<0.001),■科技计划项目(201518);南昌市科技支撑计划项目(2014SFZC008)
Objective To analyze the influence of walking exercise on the changes of body composition and its influencing factors in occupational population, and to explore its effectiveness in prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods The self-controlled method was used in this study. 95 adults were selected from government organs and public institutions in Donghu District of Nanchang City to participate in the 2015 Health Care Intervention Program called Walking Encouraged for Chinese Professionals, and the intervention based on walking aerobic exercise was conducted. Tsinghua Tongfang Body Tester(BCA-1 C) and sphygmomanometer were used to perform physical examinations before the walking exercise and after 3-and 6-month walking exercise. The data of the three physical examinations were collected, and the health assessment questionnaire was simultaneously completed. SPSS 17.0 software was employed to make statistical analysis. Results The examination results of body composition before the walking exercise and after 3-and 6-month walking exercise indicated that the basal metabolism was increased(F=5.334, P<0.05), while body weight(F=8.921, P<0.001), waist circumference(F=8.883, P<0.001), fat content(F=5.193, P<0.05) and muscle mass(F=3.162, P<0.05) were all decreased, and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed statistically significant, but the variance in BMI(F=2.707, P>0.05) and hip circumference(F=0.731, P>0.05) was not statistically significant. Among the food intake, all the indicators were increased with rice(F=11.305, P<0.001), miscellaneous grains(F=7.724, P<0.001), meat(F=16.043, P<0.001), fish(F=10.194, P<0.001), eggs(F=7.055, P<0.001),■科技计划项目(201518);南昌市科技支撑计划项目(2014SFZC008)
引文
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[3]谢文娟,卞晓嘉,何志敏,等.身体行为活动与血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病关系的研究[J],实用预防医学,2017,24(3):319-323.
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[5]刘敏,刘昊,张庆军,等.湖北省企业慢性病高风险人群体质指数及腰围与血压的关系[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(9):641-644.
[6]颜兴伟,杨玉金,付俊杰,等.江西省城乡中老年糖尿病居民营养状况及危险因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(7):784-787.
[7]罗曦娟.长期坚持太极拳锻炼和饮食调整对中老年人体成分的影响[J].安徽体育科技,2011,32(3):45-51.
[8]Chomistek AK,Cook NR,Flint AJ,et al. Vigorous-intensity leisuretime physical activity and risk of major chronic disease in men[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2012,44(10):1898-1905.
[9]夏莉娟,张琳,罗慧琴,等.健步走对老年高血压患者血糖、血脂的干预作用[J].中国老年学杂志,2013,33(21):5233-5235.
[10]陆璐,金长清,胡华青.静坐行为与青年职业人群睡眠质量的关系研究[J].健康教育与健康促进,2016,11(5):321-323.
[2]颜兴伟,杨玉金,付俊杰,等.“健步走”对职业人群身体健康指标干预效果研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2017,21(5):534-536.
[3]谢文娟,卞晓嘉,何志敏,等.身体行为活动与血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病关系的研究[J],实用预防医学,2017,24(3):319-323.
[4]苏健,向全永,吕淑荣,等.成年人体质指数、腰围与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的关系[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(7):696-700.
[5]刘敏,刘昊,张庆军,等.湖北省企业慢性病高风险人群体质指数及腰围与血压的关系[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(9):641-644.
[6]颜兴伟,杨玉金,付俊杰,等.江西省城乡中老年糖尿病居民营养状况及危险因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(7):784-787.
[7]罗曦娟.长期坚持太极拳锻炼和饮食调整对中老年人体成分的影响[J].安徽体育科技,2011,32(3):45-51.
[8]Chomistek AK,Cook NR,Flint AJ,et al. Vigorous-intensity leisuretime physical activity and risk of major chronic disease in men[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2012,44(10):1898-1905.
[9]夏莉娟,张琳,罗慧琴,等.健步走对老年高血压患者血糖、血脂的干预作用[J].中国老年学杂志,2013,33(21):5233-5235.
[10]陆璐,金长清,胡华青.静坐行为与青年职业人群睡眠质量的关系研究[J].健康教育与健康促进,2016,11(5):321-323.