火灾高温下盾构隧道衬砌结构热力耦合模型试验
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摘要
为研究火灾高温下盾构隧道衬砌结构的热力耦合行为,利用自主研制的温度加载设备和衬砌管环外压加载设备,分别设计并开展整环衬砌结构的无外压受热模型试验和热力耦合模型试验。试验使用不考虑接头效应的钢纤维混凝土匀质管片。首先,介绍2种试验设备的原理、主要构造和各类参数;在此基础上,针对模型试验过程进行细致的说明。然后,通过对衬砌管片结构形式的分析确定试验的火灾加载工况;详尽描述不同试验的相关结果,重点分析衬砌结构内表面各处温度场的变化过程、分布情况、管片的变形结果及破坏模式。研究结果表明:温度加载设备和衬砌管环外压加载设备能够较好的满足整环衬砌热力耦合研究的模型试验要求;试验初期底部管片的升温速率相对顶部管片有所滞后,但各部分间的温差数值随加热的持续进行会逐渐减小,衬砌结构内部能够形成稳定的温度场;无外力作用下匀质管片的破坏形式表现为沿幅宽方向的贯穿裂缝,各管片结构的裂缝发展路径存在差异;衬砌管片由于外压作用产生的压应变随温度的升高而减小;外压荷载对衬砌结构在高温下产生的膨胀变形存在抑制效果。研究结果可为盾构隧道整环衬砌结构热力耦合研究的进一步发展提供参考。
To study the thermomechanical coupling behavior of a shield tunnel lining at high temperatures, a heating model test with no external pressure and thermomechanical model test of a whole ring lining were designed and conducted using self-developed temperature-loading equipment and an external pressure loading device. The homogeneous segment composed of steel fiber reinforced concrete and without considering the joint effect was the subject of the test. First, the principles, main structure, and various parameters of the two devices were introduced. On this basis, the processes of the model tests were then delineated. The fire loading conditions were determined by analyzing the lining structure. The two tests were then conducted, and the detailed results were presented. Changes to the test processes and the distribution of temperatures on the inner wall surfaces as well as the deformation and failure modes of the segments were closely analyzed. The results of the study showed that the temperature loading equipment and external pressure loading device for the lining can meet the requirements of the model test for thermomechanical coupling research of the whole lining. At the beginning of the test, the heating rate at the bottom lagged behind that of the top; however, results show that the differences between the parts decrease gradually with continuous heating, and a stable temperature field can form inside the lining. The failure mode of the homogeneous segment without an external force is characterized by penetration cracks along the width of the segment, and differences exist in the development paths of the segments. The compressive strain produced by the external pressure decreases with increasing temperature, and external pressure load has an inhibitory effect on the expansion deformation of the lining structure at high temperatures. The results can be used as a reference for further development of thermomechanical coupling research of whole ring lining in shield tunnels.
To study the thermomechanical coupling behavior of a shield tunnel lining at high temperatures, a heating model test with no external pressure and thermomechanical model test of a whole ring lining were designed and conducted using self-developed temperature-loading equipment and an external pressure loading device. The homogeneous segment composed of steel fiber reinforced concrete and without considering the joint effect was the subject of the test. First, the principles, main structure, and various parameters of the two devices were introduced. On this basis, the processes of the model tests were then delineated. The fire loading conditions were determined by analyzing the lining structure. The two tests were then conducted, and the detailed results were presented. Changes to the test processes and the distribution of temperatures on the inner wall surfaces as well as the deformation and failure modes of the segments were closely analyzed. The results of the study showed that the temperature loading equipment and external pressure loading device for the lining can meet the requirements of the model test for thermomechanical coupling research of the whole lining. At the beginning of the test, the heating rate at the bottom lagged behind that of the top; however, results show that the differences between the parts decrease gradually with continuous heating, and a stable temperature field can form inside the lining. The failure mode of the homogeneous segment without an external force is characterized by penetration cracks along the width of the segment, and differences exist in the development paths of the segments. The compressive strain produced by the external pressure decreases with increasing temperature, and external pressure load has an inhibitory effect on the expansion deformation of the lining structure at high temperatures. The results can be used as a reference for further development of thermomechanical coupling research of whole ring lining in shield tunnels.
引文
[1] 闫治国,朱合华,梁利.火灾高温下隧道衬砌管片力学性能试验[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(6):823-828.YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua,LIANG Li.Experimental Study on Mechanical Performance of Lining Segments in Fire Accidents [J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2012,40 (6):823-828.
[2] 朱合华,周龙,沈奕,等.火灾高温下盾构衬砌结构试验与力学模型综述[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(8):15-23.ZHU He-hua,ZHOU Long,SHEN Yi,et al.Review of Experiments and Mechanical Models of Shield Lining [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30 (8):15-23.
[3] 王安华.火灾高温下盾构隧道管片接头损伤研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.WANG An-hua.Research on Segment Joint Damage of Shield Tunnel Under High Temperature Fire [D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.
[4] 简贤文,施邦筑,黄依慧,等.公路隧道火灾紧急应变及救援策略模式之研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):781-788.JIAN Xian-wen,SHI Bang-zhu,HUANG Yi-hui,et al.A Study of Emergency Response and Rescue Strategies for Road Tunnel Fires [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4 (4):781-788.
[5] 郭庆华,闫治国,朱合华.高海拔隧道全尺寸火灾烟气及温度场特征试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(8):114-120.GUO Qing-hua,YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Full-scale Experimental Study on Smoke and Temperature Distribution Characteristics of the Tunnel Fire at High Altitude [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50 (8):114-120.
[6] 张稳军,张高乐,雷华阳.基于塑性损伤的盾构隧道FRP-Key接头抗剪性能及布置方式合理性研究[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(8):38-48.ZHANG Wen-jun,ZHANG Gao-le,LEI Hua-yang.Study on Effect of Arrangement on Shear Performance of FRP-Key Joint for Shield Tunnel Based on Plastic-damage Model [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30 (8):38-48.
[7] ZHANG Wen-jun,JIN Ming-ming,SU Ren,et al.Experiment on Mechanical Properties of Steel and Concrete Composite Segment for Shield Tunnel [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29 (5):84-94.
[8] 朋改非,杨娟,石云兴.超高性能混凝土高温后残余力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(4):73-79.PENG Gai-fei,YANG Juan,SHI Yun-xing.Experimental Study on Residual Mechanical Properties of Ultra-high Performance Concrete Exposed to High Temperature [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50 (4):73-79.
[9] 陈宗平,周春恒,李伊,等.高温后再生混凝土力学性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2017,38(12):105-113.CHEN Zong-ping,ZHOU Chun-heng,LI Yi,et al.Research on Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete After High Temperatures [J].Journal of Building Structures,2017,38 (12):105-113.
[10] 王迎汉,杨勇,王艾迪,等.预应力钢带加固火灾后钢筋混凝土T型梁抗剪性能研究[J].工业建筑,2015,45(3):22-28.WANG Ying-han,YANG Yong,WANG Ai-di,et al.Experimental Study of Shear Resistance of After-fire Reinforces Concrete T-shaped Beam Retrofitted with Pre-stressed Steel Strips [J].Industrial Construction,2015,45 (3):22-28.
[11] 王卫华,董毓利.带楼板钢筋混凝土T形梁火灾下(后)温度场研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,46(2):684-693.WANG Wei-hua,DONG Yu-li.Temperature Distribution of Reinforced Concrete T-shaped Beam with Slabs Under (After) Three Side Fire Exposure [J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2015,46 (2):684-693.
[12] 沈奕,闫治国,沈安迪.火灾后RC及HFRC隧道管片破坏试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(2):531-537.SHEN Yi,YAN Zhi-guo,SHEN An-di.Experimental Study on the Post-fire Failure Mode of RC and HFRC Tunnel Segments [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13 (2):531-537.
[13] 沈奕,闫治国,朱合华.大断面道路隧道火灾初期规律足尺试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(4):1080-1087.SHEN Yi,YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Full-scale Experimental Research on the Development of the Initial Stage of Fire in a Large Cross-section Road Tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11 (4):1080-1087.
[14] 杨成,闫治国,朱合华.火灾高温后盾构隧道管片-加固体界面粘结性能试验研究[J].隧道建设,2014,34(7):642-648.YANG Cheng,YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Experimental Study on Shear Properties of Interface Between Segment of Shield Tunnel and New Composite Structure after Exposure to High Temperature [J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34 (7):642-648.
[15] 常岐.火灾高温下盾构隧道管片接头力学特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(增1):1605-1608.CHANG Qi.A Study on Mechanical Behavior of Segment Joint of Tunnel Under Fire Scenarios [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8 (S1):1605-1608.
[16] CANER A,BONCU A.Structural Fire Safety of Circular Concrete Railroad Tunnel Linings [J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2009,135 (9):1081-1092.
[17] CHOI S W,LEE J,CHANG S H,et al.A Holistic Numerical Approach to Simulating the Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of a Tunnel Lining Subject to Fire [J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2013,35:122-134.
[18] 王虎.大直径原型三环盾构管片衬砌结构火灾条件下试验研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.WANG Hu.Research on Prototype Test of Large Diameter Shield Ring Ling Structure Under Fire Conditions [D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.
[19] 闫治国,朱合华.隧道衬砌结构火灾安全及高温力学行为研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(4):695-700.YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Study on Fire Safety and Mechanical Behaviors of Tunnel Lining Under High Temperature [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6 (4):695-700.
[20] 苏忍.盾构隧道复合管环结构的受力变形特性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2016.SU Ren.Mechanical and Deformation Characteristics of Composite Segment Rings for Shield Tunnel [D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016.
[21] LILLIU G,MEDA A.Nonlinear Phased Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Tunnels Under Fire Exposure [J].Journal of Structural Fire Engineering,2013,4 (3):131-142.
[22] HERTZ K D.Limits of Spalling of Fire-exposed Concrete [J].Fire Safety Journal,2003,38 (2):103-116.
[23] KHOURY G A.Effect of Fire on Concrete and Concrete Structures [J].Progress in Structural Engineering & Materials,2010,2 (4):429-447.
[24] 闫治国.隧道衬砌结构火灾高温力学行为及耐火方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.YAN Zhi-guo.A Study on Mechanical Behaviors and Fireproof Methods of Tunnel Lining Structure During and After Fire Scenarios [D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
[2] 朱合华,周龙,沈奕,等.火灾高温下盾构衬砌结构试验与力学模型综述[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(8):15-23.ZHU He-hua,ZHOU Long,SHEN Yi,et al.Review of Experiments and Mechanical Models of Shield Lining [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30 (8):15-23.
[3] 王安华.火灾高温下盾构隧道管片接头损伤研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.WANG An-hua.Research on Segment Joint Damage of Shield Tunnel Under High Temperature Fire [D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.
[4] 简贤文,施邦筑,黄依慧,等.公路隧道火灾紧急应变及救援策略模式之研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):781-788.JIAN Xian-wen,SHI Bang-zhu,HUANG Yi-hui,et al.A Study of Emergency Response and Rescue Strategies for Road Tunnel Fires [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4 (4):781-788.
[5] 郭庆华,闫治国,朱合华.高海拔隧道全尺寸火灾烟气及温度场特征试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(8):114-120.GUO Qing-hua,YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Full-scale Experimental Study on Smoke and Temperature Distribution Characteristics of the Tunnel Fire at High Altitude [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50 (8):114-120.
[6] 张稳军,张高乐,雷华阳.基于塑性损伤的盾构隧道FRP-Key接头抗剪性能及布置方式合理性研究[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(8):38-48.ZHANG Wen-jun,ZHANG Gao-le,LEI Hua-yang.Study on Effect of Arrangement on Shear Performance of FRP-Key Joint for Shield Tunnel Based on Plastic-damage Model [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30 (8):38-48.
[7] ZHANG Wen-jun,JIN Ming-ming,SU Ren,et al.Experiment on Mechanical Properties of Steel and Concrete Composite Segment for Shield Tunnel [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29 (5):84-94.
[8] 朋改非,杨娟,石云兴.超高性能混凝土高温后残余力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(4):73-79.PENG Gai-fei,YANG Juan,SHI Yun-xing.Experimental Study on Residual Mechanical Properties of Ultra-high Performance Concrete Exposed to High Temperature [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50 (4):73-79.
[9] 陈宗平,周春恒,李伊,等.高温后再生混凝土力学性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2017,38(12):105-113.CHEN Zong-ping,ZHOU Chun-heng,LI Yi,et al.Research on Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete After High Temperatures [J].Journal of Building Structures,2017,38 (12):105-113.
[10] 王迎汉,杨勇,王艾迪,等.预应力钢带加固火灾后钢筋混凝土T型梁抗剪性能研究[J].工业建筑,2015,45(3):22-28.WANG Ying-han,YANG Yong,WANG Ai-di,et al.Experimental Study of Shear Resistance of After-fire Reinforces Concrete T-shaped Beam Retrofitted with Pre-stressed Steel Strips [J].Industrial Construction,2015,45 (3):22-28.
[11] 王卫华,董毓利.带楼板钢筋混凝土T形梁火灾下(后)温度场研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,46(2):684-693.WANG Wei-hua,DONG Yu-li.Temperature Distribution of Reinforced Concrete T-shaped Beam with Slabs Under (After) Three Side Fire Exposure [J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2015,46 (2):684-693.
[12] 沈奕,闫治国,沈安迪.火灾后RC及HFRC隧道管片破坏试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(2):531-537.SHEN Yi,YAN Zhi-guo,SHEN An-di.Experimental Study on the Post-fire Failure Mode of RC and HFRC Tunnel Segments [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13 (2):531-537.
[13] 沈奕,闫治国,朱合华.大断面道路隧道火灾初期规律足尺试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(4):1080-1087.SHEN Yi,YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Full-scale Experimental Research on the Development of the Initial Stage of Fire in a Large Cross-section Road Tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11 (4):1080-1087.
[14] 杨成,闫治国,朱合华.火灾高温后盾构隧道管片-加固体界面粘结性能试验研究[J].隧道建设,2014,34(7):642-648.YANG Cheng,YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Experimental Study on Shear Properties of Interface Between Segment of Shield Tunnel and New Composite Structure after Exposure to High Temperature [J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34 (7):642-648.
[15] 常岐.火灾高温下盾构隧道管片接头力学特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(增1):1605-1608.CHANG Qi.A Study on Mechanical Behavior of Segment Joint of Tunnel Under Fire Scenarios [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8 (S1):1605-1608.
[16] CANER A,BONCU A.Structural Fire Safety of Circular Concrete Railroad Tunnel Linings [J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2009,135 (9):1081-1092.
[17] CHOI S W,LEE J,CHANG S H,et al.A Holistic Numerical Approach to Simulating the Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of a Tunnel Lining Subject to Fire [J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2013,35:122-134.
[18] 王虎.大直径原型三环盾构管片衬砌结构火灾条件下试验研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.WANG Hu.Research on Prototype Test of Large Diameter Shield Ring Ling Structure Under Fire Conditions [D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.
[19] 闫治国,朱合华.隧道衬砌结构火灾安全及高温力学行为研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(4):695-700.YAN Zhi-guo,ZHU He-hua.Study on Fire Safety and Mechanical Behaviors of Tunnel Lining Under High Temperature [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6 (4):695-700.
[20] 苏忍.盾构隧道复合管环结构的受力变形特性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2016.SU Ren.Mechanical and Deformation Characteristics of Composite Segment Rings for Shield Tunnel [D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2016.
[21] LILLIU G,MEDA A.Nonlinear Phased Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Tunnels Under Fire Exposure [J].Journal of Structural Fire Engineering,2013,4 (3):131-142.
[22] HERTZ K D.Limits of Spalling of Fire-exposed Concrete [J].Fire Safety Journal,2003,38 (2):103-116.
[23] KHOURY G A.Effect of Fire on Concrete and Concrete Structures [J].Progress in Structural Engineering & Materials,2010,2 (4):429-447.
[24] 闫治国.隧道衬砌结构火灾高温力学行为及耐火方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.YAN Zhi-guo.A Study on Mechanical Behaviors and Fireproof Methods of Tunnel Lining Structure During and After Fire Scenarios [D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
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