月地及月地以远测控通信与若干关键技术发展趋势
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摘要
通过研究国内外主要测控通信技术现状与发展动态,梳理出了目前我国在月地及月地以远距离测控通信技术遇到的挑战:面临测量精度尚不能满足科学探测更高的要求,数据传输能力难以满足更高的数据传输速率需求,关键器件自主可控较为薄弱,激光通信高精度快速捕获手段单一,以及星载终端设计与关键技术在轨验证较少等。针对这些问题,提出了对天线组阵、激光测控通信技术、Ka波段及毫米波低温接收机、超导纳米线单光子探测器、深空光学跟瞄系统、窄线宽激光光源的产生技术、光通信调制技术和高功率低噪声放大器的迫切需求,并介绍了国外最新的用于深空测控通信的新概念与前沿技术,即一体化微波/光学混合通信系统与微波光子射频信号稳相传输技术。最后,结合我国现状,讨论了我国测控通信重点发展方向及其关键技术的建议,可供构建月地及月地以远测控通信系统参考。
Based on analysis on the present research status of the lunar and deep space Tracking,Telemetry and Command(TT&C)systems at home and abroad,four major difficulties and challenges for building a TT&C system are studied.Then urgent needs for antenna arraying technology,laser TT&C technology,Ka and millimeterwave band hypothermia receiver,superconducting nanowire single photon detectors,deep space optical tracking system,narrow linewidth laser source generating technology,optical communication modulation technology and highpower low-noise amplifier were summed up.A latest cutting-edge technology for deep space TT&C system,namely Integrated Radio and Optical Communications(IROC)system was described.Finally,with the current situation,recommendations for future developments of lunar and deep space TT&C systems have been put forward.The research results provide references for the development of the lunar and deep space TT&C systems.
Based on analysis on the present research status of the lunar and deep space Tracking,Telemetry and Command(TT&C)systems at home and abroad,four major difficulties and challenges for building a TT&C system are studied.Then urgent needs for antenna arraying technology,laser TT&C technology,Ka and millimeterwave band hypothermia receiver,superconducting nanowire single photon detectors,deep space optical tracking system,narrow linewidth laser source generating technology,optical communication modulation technology and highpower low-noise amplifier were summed up.A latest cutting-edge technology for deep space TT&C system,namely Integrated Radio and Optical Communications(IROC)system was described.Finally,with the current situation,recommendations for future developments of lunar and deep space TT&C systems have been put forward.The research results provide references for the development of the lunar and deep space TT&C systems.
引文
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[35]Lopez O,Haboucha A,Kéfélian F,et al.Cascaded multiplexed optical link on a telecommunication network for frequency dissemination[J].Optics Express,2010,18(16):16849-16857.
[2]雷厉,朱勤专.飞行器测控通信技术发展趋势与建议[J].飞行器测控学报,2014,33(6):463-468.Lei Li,Zhu Qinzhuan.Analysis of the trend of development of spacecraft TT&C and communication technologies and suggestions[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2014,33(6):463-468(in Chinese).
[3]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.2011年中国的航天[EB/OL].(2011-12-29)[2016-04-25].http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2011/12-29/3568851.shtml.The State Council Information Office of the Peoples Republic of China.Chinas space activities in 2011[EB/OL].(2011-12-29)[2016-04-25].http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2011/12-29/3568851.shtml(in Chinese).
[4]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)[EB/OL].(2006-02-09)[2016-04-25].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htm.The State Council of the Peoples Republic of China.The guidelines on national medium-and long-term program for science and technology development(2006-2020)[EB/OL].(2006-02-09)[2016-04-25].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htm(in Chinese).
[5]叶培建,杨孟飞,彭兢,等.中国深空探测进入/再入返回技术的发展现状和展望[J].中国科学:技术科学,2015,45(3):229-238.Ye Peijian,Yang Mengfei,Peng Jing,et al.Review and prospect of atmospheric entry and earth reentry technology of China deep space exploration[J].Scientia Sinica:Technologica,2015,45(3):229-238(in Chinese).
[6]叶培建,彭兢.深空探测与我国深空探测展望[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(10):13-18.Ye Peijian,Peng Jing.Deep space exploration and its prospect in china[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(10):13-18(in Chinese).
[7]李海涛,周欢,郝万宏,等.深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程和展望[J].飞行器测控学报,2013,32(6):470-478.Li Haitao,Zhou Huan,Hao Wanhong,et al.Development of radio interferometry and its prospect in deep space navigation[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2013,32(6):470-478(in Chinese).
[8]李金岭,张津维,刘鹂,等.应用于深空探测的VLBI技术[J].航天器工程,2012,21(2):62-67.Li Jinling,Zhang Jinwei,Liu Li,et al.VLBI technique applied in deep space exploration[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2012,21(2):62-67(in Chinese).
[9]唐歌实.深空测控无线电测量技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012:124-126.Tang Geshi.Radiometric measuring techniques for deep space navigation[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012:124-126(in Chinese).
[10]吴伟仁,于登云.深空探测发展与未来关键技术[J].深空探测学报,2014,1(1):5-17.Wu Weiren,Yu Dengyun.Development of deep space exploration and its future key technologies[J].Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2014,1(1):5-17(in Chinese).
[11]姜会林,安岩,张雅琳,等.空间激光通信现状、发展趋势及关键技术分析[J].飞行器测控学报,2015,34(3):207-217.Jiang Huilin,An Yan,Zhang Yalin,et al.Analysis of the status quo,development trend and key technologies of space laser communication[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2015,34(3):207-217(in Chinese).
[12]Grotzinger J P,Crisp J,Vasavada A R,etal.Mars science laboratory mission and science investigation[J].Space Science Reviews,2012,170(1):5-56.
[13]亓波,陈洪斌,任戈,等.100km量子纠缠分发实验捕获跟踪技术[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(6):1628-1634.Qi Bo,Chen Hongbin,Ren Ge,et al.ATP technology for 100-kilometer quantum entanglement distribution experiment[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2013,21(6):1628-1634(in Chinese).
[14]Wang Jianyu,Yang Bin,Liao Shengkai,et al.Direct and full-scale experimental verifications towards ground satellite quantum key distribution[J].Nature Photonics,2013,7(5):387-393.
[15]Stone T,Freeman K,Gilstrap R,et al.A lunar communication satellite network architecture emplying internet protocol,laser communication technologies and small satellites[C]//Proceedings of the 26th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference(ICSSC).San Diego,2013.
[16]Hemmati H.Overview of laser communications research at JPL[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE 4273,The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence(SETI)in the Optical Spectrum III.San Jose,2001:190-193.
[17]Burnside J W,Conrad S D,Pillsbury A D,et al.Design of an inertially stabilized telescope for the LLCD[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE 7923,Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XXIII.San Francisco,2011:79230L.
[18]Hemmati H,Wright M,Sanii B,et.al.Multigigabit datarate optical communications depicting LEO-to-GEO and GEO-to-ground links[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE 4635,Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XIV.San Jose,2002:295.
[19]Fieldsa R,Lundea C,Wong R,et al.NFIRE-to-Terra SAR-X laser communication results:satellite pointing,disturbances,and other attributes consistent with successful performance[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE 7330,Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III.Orlando,2009:262-268.
[20]张靓,杜中伟,谌明,等.激光测控通信技术研究进展与趋势[J].飞行器测控学报,2016,35(1):10-20.Zhang Liang,Du Zhongwei,Chen Ming,et al.Progress and trends of development of laser TT&C technology[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2016,35(1):10-20(in Chinese).
[21]Edwards B L,Robinson B,Biswas A,et al.An overview of NASAs latest efforts in optical communications[C]//IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications(ICSOS).New Orleans,2015:15838609.
[22]Roberts W T,Petrie H L,Andrew J.Pickles,et al.Feasibility of utilizing the 200-inch Hale Telescope as a deep-space optical receiver[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology International Society for Optics and Photonics.Bellingham,2004:320-335.
[23]Boroson D M,Bondurant R S,Murphy D V.LDORA:a novel laser communications receiver array architecture[C]//Proceedings of the SPIE,Free-Space Laser Communications Technologies XVI.San Jose,2004:56-64.
[24]Chapoton C W,White J W.Deep-space optical communications[C]//International Communications Satellite Systems Conferences.Santa Monica,2011:410-423.
[25]新华网.我国成功发射世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”[EB/OL].(2016-08-16)[2016-09-30].http://news.xinhuanet.com/2016-08/16/c_129231459.htm.Xinhuanet.China launches first-ever quantum communication satellite[EB/OL].(2016-08-16)[2016-09-30].http://news.xinhuanet.com/2016-08/16/c_129231459.htm(in Chinese).
[26]Li Hao,Chen Sijing,You Lixing,et al.Superconducting nanowire single photon detector at 532nm and demonstration in satellite laser ranging[J].Optics Express,2016,24(4):3535-3542.
[27]王自力,刘敏.Ka频段低温接收机[J].飞行器测控学报,2014,33(3):225-230.Wang Zili,Liu Min.Ka-band cryogenic receiver technology[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2014,33(3):225-230(in Chinese).
[28]NASA.NASA technology roadmaps TA 5:communications,navigation,and orbital debris tracking and characterization systems[EB/OL].(2015-07-03)[2016-06-22].http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2015_nasa_technology_roadmaps_ta_5_communication_and_navigation_final.pdf.
[29]Zeleznikar D,Nappier J,Downey D.Ka-band link study and analysis for a Mars hybrid RF/optical software defined radio[C]//32nd AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference,SPACE Conferences and Exposition.San Diego,2013.
[30]Pan Shilong,Zhu Dan,Liu Shifeng.Satellite payloads pay off[J].IEEE Microwave Magazine,2015,16(8):61-73.
[31]Wang B,Gao C,Chen W L,et al.Precise and continuous time and frequency synchronization at the 5×10-19 accuracy level[J].Scientific Reports,2011,2(2):556.
[32]Jiang W,Tan Q,Qin W,et al.A linearization analog photonic link with high third-order intermodulation distortion suppression based on dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2015,7(3):1-8.
[33]Maat D H P,Broekema P C,Schoonderbeek G W,et al.Multi-Tb/s data transport system for the square kilometre array radio telescope[C]//IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series.Waikoloa,2013:221-222.
[34]ClichéJ F,Shillue B.Precision timing control for radio astronomy maintaining femtosecond synchronization in the atacama large millimeter array[J].IEEE Control Systems Magazine,2006,26(1):19-26.
[35]Lopez O,Haboucha A,Kéfélian F,et al.Cascaded multiplexed optical link on a telecommunication network for frequency dissemination[J].Optics Express,2010,18(16):16849-16857.