埋地原油管道稳态泄漏数值模拟
|
摘要
埋地管道泄漏常发生在地面以下,因此准确预测管道泄漏的污染范围和泄漏量可以为后期制定应急抢险方案提供理论支撑,也是建立科学高效的应急管理平台的关键。目前针对输送压力对原油泄漏扩散范围的相关研究报道还不多见。鉴于此,以埋地原油管道泄漏事故为研究对象,采用计算流体力学方法,建立了埋地原油管道稳态泄漏三维物理模型和数学模型。利用FLUENT软件模拟了输送压力为4、8和12 MPa下原油在土壤中的泄漏扩散分布范围和速度场。模拟结果表明:三种压力条件下,原油在土壤中的运移趋势相同,泄漏初期为苹果状,逐步发展为灯泡状,最后呈现花瓶状;扩散范围随着输送压力的增大而增大,管道输送压力从4 MPa提升至8 MPa和12 MPa,扩散距离平均提升22%和38%,但泄漏扩散范围的增速逐渐放缓;原油在非饱和区的纵向扩散能力强于横向扩散能力,平均纵向扩散深度是横向扩散宽度的144%。研究结果可为埋地原油管道制定应急抢险方案提供理论支撑。
At present, there are few reports on the research of the pipeline pressure effect on the diffusion range of crude oil leakage. In view of this, taking the buried crude oil pipeline leakage as object, the computational fluid dynamics method is used to establish the three-dimensional physical model and mathematical model of the steady leakage of buried crude oil pipeline. FLUENT software is used to simulate the distribution and velocity field of leakage diffusion of crude oil in soil under pipeline pressures of 4, 8, and 12 MPa. The simulation results show that under the three pressure conditions, the migration trend of crude oil in the soil is the same. The initial stage of the leakage forms an apple-like oil contaminated soil volume, which gradually develops into a bulb shape, and finally into a vase shape. The oil leakage diffusion range increases with the pipeline pressure. When the pipeline transportation pressure is increased from 4 MPa to 8 MPa and 12 MPa, the diffusion distance is increased by 22% and 38% on average, but the growth rate of the leakage diffusion range is gradually slowed down. The longitudinal diffusion capacity of crude oil in the unsaturated zone is stronger than the lateral diffusion capacity. The average longitudinal diffusion depth is 144% of the lateral diffusion width. The research results can provide theoretical support for the making of emergency plans for buried crude oil pipeline.
At present, there are few reports on the research of the pipeline pressure effect on the diffusion range of crude oil leakage. In view of this, taking the buried crude oil pipeline leakage as object, the computational fluid dynamics method is used to establish the three-dimensional physical model and mathematical model of the steady leakage of buried crude oil pipeline. FLUENT software is used to simulate the distribution and velocity field of leakage diffusion of crude oil in soil under pipeline pressures of 4, 8, and 12 MPa. The simulation results show that under the three pressure conditions, the migration trend of crude oil in the soil is the same. The initial stage of the leakage forms an apple-like oil contaminated soil volume, which gradually develops into a bulb shape, and finally into a vase shape. The oil leakage diffusion range increases with the pipeline pressure. When the pipeline transportation pressure is increased from 4 MPa to 8 MPa and 12 MPa, the diffusion distance is increased by 22% and 38% on average, but the growth rate of the leakage diffusion range is gradually slowed down. The longitudinal diffusion capacity of crude oil in the unsaturated zone is stronger than the lateral diffusion capacity. The average longitudinal diffusion depth is 144% of the lateral diffusion width. The research results can provide theoretical support for the making of emergency plans for buried crude oil pipeline.
引文
[1] 佚名.《2017年国内外油气行业发展报告》发布:中国原油对外依存度67.4%[J].上海化工,2018,43(2):5.ANON.2017 domestic and foreign oil and gas industry development report released:China’s crude oil dependence on foreign countries 67.4%[J].Shanghai Chemical Industry,2018,43(2):5.
[2] 高鹏,高振宇,杜东.2017年中国油气管道行业发展及展望[J].国际石油经济,2018,26(3):21-27.GAO P,GAO Z Y,DU D.Development and prospects of China’s oil and gas pipeline industry in 2017[J].International Petroleum Economics,2018,26(3):21-27.
[3] 朱庆杰,赵晨,陈艳华,等.埋地天然气管道泄漏的影响因素及保护措施[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(2):417-420.ZHU Q J,ZHAO C,CHEN Y H,et al.Influencing factors and protective measures of buried natural gas pipeline leakage[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2018,12(2):417-420.
[4] 慕园,余志峰,刘玉卿.埋地管道通过逆断层的有限元分析[J].石油机械,2015,43(10):112-115.MU Y,YU Z F,LIU Y Q.Strength analysis of buried gas pipeline in reverse fault[J].China Machinery Petroleum,2015,43(10):112-115.
[5] 夏梦莹,张宏,王宝栋,等.基于壳单元的连续型采空区埋地管道应变分析[J].油气储运,2018,37(3):256-262.XIA M Y,ZHANG H,WANG B D,et al.Strain analysis of buried pipelines in continuous mining subsidence areas based on shell element[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(3):256-262.
[6] 刘洪飞,韩阳,冯新,等.埋地管道微小泄漏与保温层破坏分布式光纤监测试验[J].油气储运,2018,37(10):1114-1120.LIU H F,HAN Y,FENG X,et al.Test on tiny leakage and insulating layer damage monitoring of buried oil pipelines using distributed optical fiber temperature sensor[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(10):1114-1120.
[7] PARKER J C,LENHARD R J,KUPPUSAMY T.A parametric model for constitutive properties governing multiphase flow in porous media[J].Water Resources Research,1987,23(4):618-624.
[8] 郑德凤,赵勇胜,王本德.轻非水相液体在地下环境中的运移特征与模拟预测研究[J].水科学进展,2002(3):321-325.ZHENG D F,ZHAO Y S,WANG B D.Migration characteristics and simulation prediction of LNAPL in underground environment[J].Advances in Water Science,2002(3):321-325.
[9] 武晓峰,唐杰,藤间幸久.多孔介质两相流的统一毛细压力——饱和度关系曲线[J].灌溉排水,2000(2):15-18.WU X F,TANG J,TENGJIANU X J.Niform capillary pressure-saturation curve of two-phase flow in porous media[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2000(2):15-18.
[10] 付建民,赵振洋,陈国明,等.液相管道流量与压力对小孔泄漏速率的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):257-265.FU J M,ZHAO Z Y,CHEN G M,et al.Influences of liquid pipeline flow and pressure on small-hole leakage rate[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):257-265.
[11] 李朝阳,马贵阳,刘亮.埋地输油管道泄漏油品扩散模拟[J].油气储运,2011,30(9):674-676.LI C Y,MA G Y,LIU L.Simulation of oil spill diffusion in buried oil pipeline[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(9):674-676.
[12] 李泽,马贵阳,常方圆.埋地管道在不同含水率的土壤中泄漏数值模拟[J].当代化工,2014,43(11):2460-2463.LI Z,MA G Y,CHANG F Y.Numerical simulation of leakage of buried pipelines in soils with different moisture contents[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2014,43(11):2460-2463.
[13] 李朝阳,马贵阳,刘亮.输油管道弯头穿孔泄漏数值模拟[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(9):56-59.LI C Y,MA G Y,LIU L.Numerical simulation of hole perforation leakage in oil pipeline[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(9):56-59.
[14] 李朝阳,马贵阳,刘亮.输油弯管泄漏数值模拟[J].当代化工,2011,40(4):420-422.LI C Y,MA G Y,LIU L.Numerical simulation of oil pipeline leakage[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2011,40(4):420-422.
[15] 张伟,雷云,王海东,等.基于Fluent数值模拟的液氨储罐泄漏扩散危险性研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(增刊1):718-721,736.ZHANG W,LEI Y,WANG H D,et al.Study on diffusion risk of liquid ammonia tank leak based on fluent numerical simulation[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(S1):718-721,736.
[16] 杜明俊,马贵阳,高雪利,等.埋地输油管道泄漏影响区内大地温度场的数值模拟[J].石油规划设计,2010,21(5):24-26.DU M J,MA G Y,GAO X L,et al.Numerical simulation of earth temperature field in the zone of impact of buried oil pipeline leakage[J].Petroleum Planning & Engineering,2010,21(5):24-26.
[17] 史晓蒙,吕宇玲,杨玉婷,等.地面输油管道泄漏流散数值模拟[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(1):90-96.SHI X M,Lü Y L,YANG Y T,et al.Numerical simulation on spread after leakage of ground oil pipeling[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(1):90-96.
[18] 符泽第,兰惠清,张永龙,等.河流穿越管道小孔泄漏数值模拟[J].油气储运,2014,33(1):10-14.FU Z D,LAN H Q,ZHANG Y L,et al.Numerical simulation on small hole leakage of river crossing pipeline[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(1):10-14.
[2] 高鹏,高振宇,杜东.2017年中国油气管道行业发展及展望[J].国际石油经济,2018,26(3):21-27.GAO P,GAO Z Y,DU D.Development and prospects of China’s oil and gas pipeline industry in 2017[J].International Petroleum Economics,2018,26(3):21-27.
[3] 朱庆杰,赵晨,陈艳华,等.埋地天然气管道泄漏的影响因素及保护措施[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(2):417-420.ZHU Q J,ZHAO C,CHEN Y H,et al.Influencing factors and protective measures of buried natural gas pipeline leakage[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2018,12(2):417-420.
[4] 慕园,余志峰,刘玉卿.埋地管道通过逆断层的有限元分析[J].石油机械,2015,43(10):112-115.MU Y,YU Z F,LIU Y Q.Strength analysis of buried gas pipeline in reverse fault[J].China Machinery Petroleum,2015,43(10):112-115.
[5] 夏梦莹,张宏,王宝栋,等.基于壳单元的连续型采空区埋地管道应变分析[J].油气储运,2018,37(3):256-262.XIA M Y,ZHANG H,WANG B D,et al.Strain analysis of buried pipelines in continuous mining subsidence areas based on shell element[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(3):256-262.
[6] 刘洪飞,韩阳,冯新,等.埋地管道微小泄漏与保温层破坏分布式光纤监测试验[J].油气储运,2018,37(10):1114-1120.LIU H F,HAN Y,FENG X,et al.Test on tiny leakage and insulating layer damage monitoring of buried oil pipelines using distributed optical fiber temperature sensor[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(10):1114-1120.
[7] PARKER J C,LENHARD R J,KUPPUSAMY T.A parametric model for constitutive properties governing multiphase flow in porous media[J].Water Resources Research,1987,23(4):618-624.
[8] 郑德凤,赵勇胜,王本德.轻非水相液体在地下环境中的运移特征与模拟预测研究[J].水科学进展,2002(3):321-325.ZHENG D F,ZHAO Y S,WANG B D.Migration characteristics and simulation prediction of LNAPL in underground environment[J].Advances in Water Science,2002(3):321-325.
[9] 武晓峰,唐杰,藤间幸久.多孔介质两相流的统一毛细压力——饱和度关系曲线[J].灌溉排水,2000(2):15-18.WU X F,TANG J,TENGJIANU X J.Niform capillary pressure-saturation curve of two-phase flow in porous media[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2000(2):15-18.
[10] 付建民,赵振洋,陈国明,等.液相管道流量与压力对小孔泄漏速率的影响[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):257-265.FU J M,ZHAO Z Y,CHEN G M,et al.Influences of liquid pipeline flow and pressure on small-hole leakage rate[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):257-265.
[11] 李朝阳,马贵阳,刘亮.埋地输油管道泄漏油品扩散模拟[J].油气储运,2011,30(9):674-676.LI C Y,MA G Y,LIU L.Simulation of oil spill diffusion in buried oil pipeline[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(9):674-676.
[12] 李泽,马贵阳,常方圆.埋地管道在不同含水率的土壤中泄漏数值模拟[J].当代化工,2014,43(11):2460-2463.LI Z,MA G Y,CHANG F Y.Numerical simulation of leakage of buried pipelines in soils with different moisture contents[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2014,43(11):2460-2463.
[13] 李朝阳,马贵阳,刘亮.输油管道弯头穿孔泄漏数值模拟[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(9):56-59.LI C Y,MA G Y,LIU L.Numerical simulation of hole perforation leakage in oil pipeline[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(9):56-59.
[14] 李朝阳,马贵阳,刘亮.输油弯管泄漏数值模拟[J].当代化工,2011,40(4):420-422.LI C Y,MA G Y,LIU L.Numerical simulation of oil pipeline leakage[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2011,40(4):420-422.
[15] 张伟,雷云,王海东,等.基于Fluent数值模拟的液氨储罐泄漏扩散危险性研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(增刊1):718-721,736.ZHANG W,LEI Y,WANG H D,et al.Study on diffusion risk of liquid ammonia tank leak based on fluent numerical simulation[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(S1):718-721,736.
[16] 杜明俊,马贵阳,高雪利,等.埋地输油管道泄漏影响区内大地温度场的数值模拟[J].石油规划设计,2010,21(5):24-26.DU M J,MA G Y,GAO X L,et al.Numerical simulation of earth temperature field in the zone of impact of buried oil pipeline leakage[J].Petroleum Planning & Engineering,2010,21(5):24-26.
[17] 史晓蒙,吕宇玲,杨玉婷,等.地面输油管道泄漏流散数值模拟[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(1):90-96.SHI X M,Lü Y L,YANG Y T,et al.Numerical simulation on spread after leakage of ground oil pipeling[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(1):90-96.
[18] 符泽第,兰惠清,张永龙,等.河流穿越管道小孔泄漏数值模拟[J].油气储运,2014,33(1):10-14.FU Z D,LAN H Q,ZHANG Y L,et al.Numerical simulation on small hole leakage of river crossing pipeline[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(1):10-14.